高考英語短文改錯解題技巧

1、.高考英語短文改錯解題技巧1一、高考英語改錯題的常見錯誤類型1、謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)2、句子構(gòu)造和句子完好性3、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)及主謂一致問題4、上下文語意和代詞5、介詞  固定搭配6、固定習(xí)慣用法7、形容詞和副詞是否誤用及其比較等級是否正確；8、冠詞。取舍與選擇是否正確9、連詞和從句引導(dǎo)詞10、非謂語動詞的形式是否正確短文改錯口訣短文改錯要做好，常見類型要記牢。名詞愛考“數(shù)與“格，冠詞在前“錯，“多，“少。動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)，非謂搭配莫錯了。連，代，形，副錯一樣，多是成心來混淆。介詞多半考搭配，多，漏，誤用想周到。句法涉及到“一致，從句多考關(guān)系詞。語法句法均未錯，邏輯推理去尋找。二、命題趨勢

2、詞法錯誤、句法錯誤和行文邏輯，1.一致關(guān)系：包括主謂一致、時態(tài)一致、代詞指代一致等。2.平行構(gòu)造：包括動詞與動詞相配，形容詞與形容詞相配，分詞與分詞相配，不定式與不定式相配等。常由并列連詞或詞組連接。如：and， or ， but，neithernor, as well as 等.3.非謂語動詞的用法：如to的省略，過去分詞與如今分詞的誤用等。4多余詞：常常是介詞、副詞等的多余。5詞性的混用。6行文邏輯判斷等?！岸涛母腻e意識原那么表個數(shù)/類型10改錯詳細(xì)內(nèi)容多缺詞2-3be的各種形式、介詞、冠詞、不定式符號、三大從句引出詞、代詞、副詞、固定搭配中的虛詞錯詞8-7連詞、 三大從句引導(dǎo)詞、動詞、名

3、詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞等嘗試原那么表類型詳細(xì)內(nèi)容動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致；非謂語動詞不定式、分詞、動名詞名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)、單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù)是否與不定冠詞連用，復(fù)數(shù)形式是否正確冠詞到底是用定冠詞、不定冠詞還是零冠詞連詞行文邏輯即上下文意義是否連接一致；三大從句引出詞是否正確詞性斷定所需詞到底是形容詞還是副詞或名詞注意：所改內(nèi)容應(yīng)最貼近原文； 可改可不改的，按不改對待。三、短文改錯錯誤類型:一 詞法的測試1.名詞：主要是查名詞是否可數(shù)，與其修飾語是否一致。eg: 1I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.Hobby是

4、可數(shù)名詞，在這要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；playing football是一項運(yùn)動，football只是一種球； sing和listen to 要用動名詞形式。2Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作運(yùn)動講是不可數(shù)名詞，do exercise作主語要用動名詞形式，謂動用單數(shù)；healthy是形容詞， 這里要用名詞形式。3Reading books is one of my hobby.  one of 后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2. 代詞：對于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個代詞都要查一下它所指代的內(nèi)容及在句中的作用，注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一致，

5、?？嫉拇~包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞及疑問代詞等。1He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.前面提到的是he而后面卻用her來代，故應(yīng)將her改為him.  2This is the best film which I have ever seen.先行詞前有最高級修飾應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that 而不是which。3. 冠詞：英語中只有三個冠詞，但用起來卻很復(fù)雜，在短文改錯中，錯誤不外乎該用冠詞時沒有用，不該用時卻用了；該用an用了a，該用an卻用了the.1I meant to write letter and tell

6、 you all the thingsletter為可數(shù)名詞,故write后應(yīng)加a.2 I like playing the football.  去the 3 He is a honest boy.    a改為an4. 介詞：檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動詞、形容詞、名詞的搭配，介詞慣用詞組等是否正確。1 I am writing to thank you with your kind help.thank sb. for sth.為固定搭配，故應(yīng)將with 改為for.2 Im the happiest in all.此句想表達(dá)的意思是“我是所有人中最快

7、樂的。故應(yīng)將in改為 of.3 Under the help of my father, I       under  改為 with4 He went to Beijing in next Sunday.   in 改為on5.  形容詞、副詞：形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的地方用了副詞，該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。改錯行中出現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞時就要仔細(xì)分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么，形式是否正確，是原級、比較級還是最高級。形容詞、副詞誤用也是?？嫉母腻e工程之一。1 I had not interest

8、in English .interest是名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞no來修飾，而not是副詞，副詞不能修飾名詞2 These are the happier girls Ive ever seen.NMET2019此處有Ive ever seen限定，應(yīng)用最高級，故happier應(yīng)改為 happiest.3 You can borrow a book very easy.   easy 改為easily.4 These books are very worth reading.   用well 修飾6. 連詞：短文改錯中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確，是否 符

9、合句子意思；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外假如是平行構(gòu)造就要注意前后時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題。平行構(gòu)造常借助與并列連詞and , or , but , not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as等。1As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting. 由于前句有As引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，因此后句不能再用so,故應(yīng)把so 去掉。  2The population is growing,

10、but the earth must support too many people.根據(jù)上下文意思判斷，前后兩個并列分句不存在意義上的折，所以but應(yīng)改為and或so.這是典型的并列連詞誤用。7. 動詞：動詞錯誤在短文改錯中所占比重最大，它所涉及的錯誤包括動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤；易混動詞的用法錯誤; 動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯誤；動詞的非謂語形式，以及動詞的句型搭配錯誤等。在改錯題中，動詞方面的考察比例較大。1 動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.take photos動作發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用過

11、去時.b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.根據(jù)本句意義，should后應(yīng)加上been，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。c. In school, I often playing football for my friends.   playing改為 play;  for 改為with2 易混動詞使用錯誤a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didnt listen.persuade 意為“說服，強(qiáng)調(diào)成功的結(jié)果，而根據(jù)下句 he&

12、#160;  didnt listen可知，勸說并沒有成功，故應(yīng)改persuaded為 advised.b. You please rise your hands.rise是不及物動詞，而raise是及物動詞，所以舉手應(yīng)用  raise your hands.這屬于及物動詞與不及物動詞的誤用。3 非謂語動詞使用錯誤a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.look forward to 中的to是介詞，應(yīng)加動名詞，將see改為seeing.b. Im sorry I keep you wait fo

13、r a long time .I got caught in the traffic.在任何情況下keep均和doing連用，如keep doing sth.; keep sb. sth.doing sth. ;keep from doing 等.c. Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.to后加be。因其后是名詞，而不是動詞原形，不能直接用to.8. 詞語固定搭配:主要考察介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞、動詞的固定搭配；及物動詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞，英語中的一些固定句

14、型與習(xí)慣搭配等。1 My teacher advised me to keep my diary.keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“寫日記.2 In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.To ones surprise 是固定搭配3 I thought that was dull to watch a gameNMET2019此題考察it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do為固定構(gòu)造。4 the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析：&

15、#160;  not only but also為固定構(gòu)造，故將and 改為but.5 I have no difficulty learn maths.have difficulty in doing sth.為固定構(gòu)造6 He spends too much time play games.spend some time in doing sth.為固定構(gòu)造二 句法的測試：1. 主謂語在數(shù)上的一致；I hope everything are ok with you.  are 改為is2. 名詞性從句；A man came up to him and asked tha

16、t he needed. that是連詞，在從句中無任何意義，而后面的賓語從句缺賓語，用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句作賓語從句的賓語。 3. 定語從句；This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out.them改為 which4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/whoIt was in 1949 when he joined the army.  when改為that5. 句子構(gòu)造的連接性、完好性、對等性及邏輯性。三語篇的測試 語篇的測試包括：1.上下文中的時態(tài)是否

17、一致；2.上下文中的代詞是否一致；3.上下文中的邏輯是否一致；4.上下文中的詞、詞組、從句的替代是否正確。四、復(fù)習(xí)建議：除了多做改錯專項練習(xí)外，也要做與短文改錯題型相關(guān)的其他練習(xí)。比方：1.在平時寫作過程中就要非常注意自己容易犯的語法錯誤。2.還可以通過看其他同學(xué)的習(xí)作，欣賞的同時也可有意識地把該習(xí)作進(jìn)展一下“改錯。3.平時還可以多進(jìn)展單句改錯練習(xí)，逐漸體會和把握短文改錯這一題型的規(guī)律。一改前通讀全文, 切忌拿來就改，這一步很關(guān)鍵。這一步的目的是理解短文的中心意思，把握全篇的時態(tài)、人稱及行文邏輯。記敘文強(qiáng)調(diào)時間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件四要素，在通讀全文理解全文的同時把一些比較容易的或是明顯的錯誤先改

18、好二分句閱讀，逐行找錯。在糾錯時要仔細(xì)地讀懂每一個句子，這時就要對文中的詞法、句法和語篇詳見考察要點(diǎn)角度著重分析和特別注意。把涉及   到以上錯誤類型的詞多斟酌一下。三做將答案放回原文,再重讀全文。其目的主要是查看有無不符合邏輯,語句不通暢,不符合英語習(xí)慣的問題。改錯真題1.2019陜西卷短文改錯共10小題；每題1.5分，總分值15分Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of m

19、y favorite actor. I didnt have my camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to get . Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and actor couldnt be seen everywhere. I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out a building. He was right there in

20、the front of me! I couldnt believe my luck-not only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!2.2019全國II短文改錯共10小題；每題1.5分，總分值15分Dear George,It's been a week after we left your family and we are now   76._back home. Thank you very much for showing them around&

21、#160;     77._your city and providing us for the wonderful meals. After    78._we said goodbye to you, we went to Washington D.C.,           79._where we stayed for three days. My brother was so much fond  

22、; 80._of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying     81_another couple of day. However, my father had to return to     82._work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon. It     83_was really a nice experience. If you&

23、#39;d like to make trip to    84._our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide. 85._Yours,Mike3.2019四川卷短文改錯共10小題；每題1.5分，總分值15分Tom was having much troubles getting up in the               66. 

24、              morning and was always late with work. His boss wanted to   67.                        

25、;  fire him if he didnt start coming on time, but he went to          68.                          the doctor for a help. The

26、 doctor gave him some                69.                          medicine and told him to take them

27、 before he went to bed.       70.                          The man did is told and slept. leally will, wake up before    

28、0;  71.                          the alarm had even gone off. He had time for a properly           72.  &

29、#160;                       breakfast and was still the first reach the factory. “Boss, he       73.          

30、                said ,that medicine really works! “Im pleasing to hear         74.                 &

31、#160;        it , said his boss, “but where were you yesterday?        4.2019全國新課標(biāo)卷短文改錯共10小題；每題1分，總分值10分My summer travel started terribly .I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a fri

32、end here and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. It felt very strange to travel

33、without any luggages. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.5.2019重慶卷 短文改錯共10小題；每題1份，總分值10分Today is Sunday. Ive  been in Canada for two months .This is the first time that Ive been away my family for such a

34、60;      76.         long time. With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, Ive           77.         soon got used to live without my parents arou

35、nd. Katia, like         78.         many other Russian girls, are nice and lively. We became          79.         friends shortly after

36、 we meet each other. Although her English      80.         is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we           81.         usual

37、ly talk a lot about our own family. Were both surprised        82.         that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different. Now,        83.       

38、  we are planning a small party for the next Sunday. There , Katia      84.         will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been        85.      

39、60;  to China several times. I just cant wait.【答案】1.  Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actor. I didnt have my making  actors camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to

40、 get . Unfortunately,  so/and  it by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and actor couldnt be seen had everywhere. I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out a anywhere disappointed of building. He was right there in the front of

41、 me! I couldnt believe my luck-not only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!       have2.2019全國II76.after-since  77.them-us  78.for-with  79.正確  80.去掉much  81.staying-stay  82.day-days  83.fly-flew

42、0;  84.trip前a  85.better-more3.2019四川卷短文改錯共10小題；每題1.5分，總分值15分66、改troubles為trouble       67、改with 為for      68、改but 為so   69、去a        70、改them 為it       71、改wak

43、e為waking72、改properly為proper       73、reach前加to       74、改pleasing為pleased75、4.2019全國新課標(biāo)卷短文改錯共10小題；每題1分，總分值10分My summer travel started terribly .I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a buy改為buyingticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit

44、 a friend here and after that I would go to here改為thereXiamen for long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag for后加A                          but改為andfrom the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on. It felt very strange on改為in，was改為wereto travel without any luggages. When I fin