超級虛擬語氣學(xué)案(共8頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上虛 擬 語 氣 學(xué) 案目 錄一、虛擬語氣考點(diǎn)1、虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中2、虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句（1）虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用。 （2）虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運(yùn)用。（3）虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運(yùn)用。3、虛擬語氣在其他場合的運(yùn)用4、虛擬語氣的倒裝形式5、含蓄條件句6、其他結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣7、混合虛擬語氣二、精典名題導(dǎo)解三、虛擬語氣專項練習(xí)一、虛擬語氣考點(diǎn) 1、虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中 （1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用“過去式（be動詞的過去式用were）”，而主句中的謂語動詞用“would / should/ could /

2、 might + 動詞原形”。 （異想天開）如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If she had time, she should go with you.【翻譯】：如果我有翅膀，我將飛躍高山。 （2）表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時，主句中的謂語動詞則用“would / should / might / could + have +過去分詞”。 （事后諸葛亮）如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.【翻譯】：如果（

3、當(dāng)時）你仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)，這個錯誤是可以避免的。 （3）表示與將來事實(shí)相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞一般過去時或should(were to) + 動詞原形，而主句中的謂語動詞則用would / should/could might + 動詞原形。（杞人憂天）如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.【翻譯】：如果明天下雨，我們就呆在家里。（請用真實(shí)條件句翻譯） 萬一明天下雨，我們就不得不呆在家里了。（請用虛擬語氣可以用were to或者should） （4）當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間

4、不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。（錯綜虛擬語氣）如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(從句說的是過去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在)【翻譯】：如果當(dāng)時你聽了醫(yī)生的建議，你現(xiàn)在就不會如此難受了。 以下表格是虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中時，主句和從句謂語動詞的形式：條件狀語從句主 句與過去事實(shí)相反had + 過去分詞should /would/could/might + have + 過去分詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時(be用were)would/should/could/might + 動詞原形與將來事實(shí)相反一般過去時或sho

5、uld(were to) + 動詞原形Would/should/cold/might + 動詞原形有時侯在使用時可省略if,句子則可換成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主語”。 （If條件句虛擬語氣的省略和倒裝）如：Were I a boy=（ ）, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice=（ ）, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense=（ ）, I would go to Britain.2、虛擬語氣用于名詞性從句（1）虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用。1）“

6、wish + 賓語從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為“要是就好了”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時；表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“would/could + 動詞原形”；表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“had + 過去分詞”或“could(should) + have + 過去分詞”。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.【翻譯】：我希望我能像小鳥一樣飛翔。 2）在表示建議、要求、命令等的動詞suggest、advise、propose、de

7、mand、require、insist、 request、command、order等后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形或是動詞原形。（“一”堅持，“二命令”，“三”建議，“四”要求）如：She suggested we (leave) here at once.The doctor ordered she （be） operated.（2）虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運(yùn)用。作表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表語從句和同位語從句，從句中的謂語動詞用“（sho

8、uld） + 動詞原形”。如：His suggestion that we (go)to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they (pay) 100 dollars.（3）虛擬語氣在主語從句中的運(yùn)用。在主語從句中，謂語動詞的虛擬語氣用“should + 動詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示驚奇、不相信、理應(yīng)如此等。如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder,

9、 etc.)that you should be so careless.It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意：這種從句表示的是事實(shí)。如果說人對這種事實(shí)表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感，就可用虛擬語氣。反之，如果不表示驚奇等情感，that從句也可用陳述句語氣。如：It is pity that you cant swim.3、虛擬語氣在其他場合的運(yùn)用（1）虛擬語氣在as if/as though

10、、even if/even though等引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句中，如果從句表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，用過去完成時；指現(xiàn)在狀況，則用一般過去時；指將來狀況則用過去將來時。如：He does it as if he an expert.Even if she here, she could not solve the problem.（2）虛擬語氣用于定語從句中。這種從句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) sb did/sb should do ”中，定語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時(be用were)或should + 動詞原形，意思是“(現(xiàn)在)該”。如：Its time t

11、hat I / (pick up) my daughter.Its high time we (be)going.（3）虛擬語氣用在if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如：If only I (be)a bird.If only I (take) his advice.（4）虛擬語氣在一些簡單句中的運(yùn)用。1)情態(tài)動詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，表示說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語氣委婉，常出現(xiàn)在日常會話中。如：It (will) be better for you not to stay up too late. (will) you be kind enough to close the door?2)用

12、于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中。如： (will) you like a cup of tea?I (will)rather not tell you. 4、虛擬語氣的倒裝形式當(dāng)if從句中含有動詞should、were或had，從句可以省略if并把上述動詞提前，構(gòu)成了虛擬語氣的倒裝形式。例句1：If I had finished my homework, I would have gone with you. 如果我那時寫完作業(yè)，我就會和你一起去的。倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)： ，I would have gone with you.例句2：If he were here, he would give you a hand

13、. 要是他在這里，他會幫助你的。倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)： , he would give you a hand.例句3：If it should rain tomorrow, we wouldnt go out for a walk. 萬一明天下雨，我們就不能出去散步了。倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)： , we wouldnt go out for a walk.5、含蓄條件句含蓄條件句就是不用if直接引導(dǎo)的條件句，假想的虛擬條件隱含在情景中，表達(dá)的意思和用if引導(dǎo)的條件句是相同的。例句1：Without your help, I couldnt have done it.沒有你的幫助，我是不會完成這件事的。相當(dāng)于：If yo

14、u hadnt helped, I couldnt have done it.要是你沒有幫助我，我是不會完成這件事的。用介詞短語替換if條件句。例句2：A cleverer man wouldnt have done that kind of thing.聰明一點(diǎn)的人不會做那種事。相當(dāng)于：If the man had been cleverer, he wouldnt have done that kind of thing.要是這個人聰明一點(diǎn)，他是不會做那種事的。用形容詞比較級替換if條件句。例句3：I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have go

15、ne there with them.那天我很忙，否則我就和他們一起去了。相當(dāng)于：If I hadnt been busy that day，I would have gone there with them.要不是那天我很忙，我就會和他們一起去了。通過上下文情景，可以判斷出是虛擬語氣。例句4：To hear him talk, you would think he was a writer.聽他談話，你會以為他是個作家呢。相當(dāng)于：If you could hear him talk, you would think he was a writer.你要是聽了他的談話，還會以為他是個作家呢。動

16、詞不定式形式替換if條件句。例句5：But for your advice，it would have caused a serious loss.要不是有你的建議，將會導(dǎo)致巨大的損失。相當(dāng)于：If you hadnt given us advice, it would have caused a serious loss.要是你沒有給我們提建議，將會導(dǎo)致巨大的損失。介詞短語替換if條件句。從上面幾個例句可以看出：含蓄條件句起到簡化句子的作用。但同時在語法角度又給我們增加了一定的難度，不出現(xiàn)if，有時我們經(jīng)常把這類條件句當(dāng)成普通的句子，導(dǎo)致錯誤發(fā)生考試時經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)含蓄條件句，在以后的練習(xí)中我們要

17、多加注意。6、其他結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣(1)、if only引導(dǎo)的簡單句虛擬語氣形式：例句1、If only he had a good voice. 他要是有個好嗓子就好了。例句2、If only I had not been ill last week! 我上周要是沒生病就好了。(2)、would rather接從句，從句謂語動詞用過去時形式：例句1、Id rather we went to see a film. 我倒更希望我們?nèi)タ措娪?。例?、Id rather you kept silence. 我倒希望你把嘴閉上。7、混合虛擬語氣 混合虛擬語氣是指一個句子分成兩個部分，其中一個部分用虛

18、擬語氣形式，另一個部分不用虛擬語氣形式，這種情況我們可以通過上下文情景來分析哪部分是虛擬語氣。例句1、If anyone should give me gifts, please dont accept. 要是誰給我禮物的話，千萬不要收下。句中的前一部分用的是虛擬語氣形式，因?yàn)椴灰欢〞腥怂投Y物給我，這是一個虛擬的條件，第二部分用的是祈使語氣，說的是實(shí)際情況是不能收下，這是一個真實(shí)的動作。例句2、I took a taxi on my way to the airport, otherwise I would have been late. 我打車去的機(jī)場，否則我一定遲到了。句中第一部分是真實(shí)

19、情況，沒有用虛擬語氣形式，第二部分是不真實(shí)的情況，因?yàn)橥ㄟ^上下文情景我們能猜到結(jié)果：他沒有遲到，因此用了和過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣形式。如果這句話完全用虛擬語氣形式應(yīng)該是這樣的：If I hadnt taken a taxi on my way to the airport, I might have been late.之前在含蓄條件句里面我們曾經(jīng)舉過類似的句子，因此含蓄條件句中屬于通過情景來決定的虛擬語氣也可以歸結(jié)到混合條件句當(dāng)中。二、精典名題導(dǎo)解選擇填空1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.

20、(NMET 95)A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 解析：答案為C。本題考查的是as if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的語氣問題，as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句如果與事實(shí)一致，不用虛擬語氣，如果與事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。題中“當(dāng)鉛筆的一部分浸在水中，鉛筆看上去好像斷了”。而實(shí)際上鉛筆并未斷，與事實(shí)相反，前半部分陳述是一般現(xiàn)在時，因而本句是對一般現(xiàn)在時的虛擬，用were broken。2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my b

21、rother.(NMET 94)A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come解析：答案為D。本題考查的是if條件句中的虛擬語氣。題意是：我在會議上沒看到你姐姐，故你姐姐沒來。因此如果“她來了”與事實(shí)相反，前面一句交代了虛擬語氣的時態(tài)是一般過去時的虛擬，所以if從句中用had+過去分詞。3. If he _, he _that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93) A.was warned; would not takeB.had been warned; would not

22、 have takenC.would be warned; had not takenD.would have been warned; had not taken解析：答案為B。本題考查的是條件狀語從句與主句表示與事實(shí)相反時虛擬語氣的用法。根據(jù)下一句語境可知，他事先并沒有得到警告，表示過去時間的虛擬語氣，故選B。三、虛擬語氣專項練習(xí)（一）、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1、 If she _ (work) harder, she would have succeeded. 2、 If you _ (be) in my place, you would do the same things.3、

23、 If I had learned English well, I _ (be) able to sing the English song.4、 If she _ (come) tomorrow, I would tell her the story.5、 Without electricity, human life _ (be) quite different today.6、 Thank you for reminding me of the time，or I _(be)late yesterday.7、 Had he been more careful，the mistake _(

24、make).8、I wish I _ (see) you yesterday.（二）、選出最佳選項1Were it not for the snowy weather, we _all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 2. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have be

25、en 3. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 4. If you asked your father, you _ permission. A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get 5. _today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. was he

26、 leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 6. _I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were 7. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, _all practical value by the time they were finished. A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D.

27、 ought to have lost 8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 9. If you _Jerry Brown until recently, youd think the photograph on the right was strange. A. shouldnt contact B. didnt contact C. werent to co

28、ntact D. hadnt contacted 10. _he English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _your advice A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed 12. Had Paul received six

29、more votes in the last election, he _our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. hadnt contacted 13. If the horse won today, it _ thirty races in five years. A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won14. There is a real possibility that these animals could be fri

30、ghtened, _a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been 17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital, had it been at all possible, but I _ fully occupied the whole of last week. A. were B. had been C. have been D. was 18. I apologize if I _ you, but I

31、 assure you it was unintentional(無意的). A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offended 19. If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed, wed_ there by now. A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling 20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as

32、 if the sun _round the earth. A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling 21. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone22. I wish I _ with her. A. would be B. am C. was D. were 23. I wish that I_ the concert last night. A. could B. have at

33、tended C. could have attended D. attended24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_ to it. A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone 25. “I wish you_ me to put these things away,” he said. A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would help 26. If the Watergate I

34、ncident_ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency. A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling27. I hadnt expected _James to apologize but I had hoped . A. him calling me B. that he would call me C. him to call me D. that he call me 28. George would certainly ha

35、ve attended the meeting, _ . A. if he didnt get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadnt happened C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself 29. The teacher suggested that her students _ experiences with ESP. A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the C. w

36、rote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his 30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip_ a great success. A. had been B. has been C. were D. was 32. Looking round the t

37、own, he felt as though he _ away for ages. A. has been B. was C. is D. had been 33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he _as elephant. A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift 34. He described the town as if he_ it himself. A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees 35. At that thought

38、 he shook himself, as though he _from an evil dream. A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke 36. Most insurance agents would rather you _ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. A. do B. dont C. didnt D. didnt do 37. Although most adopted persons want the right to k

39、now who _their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting. A. hadnt B. didnt have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt have 38. It is important that the TOEFL office _ your registration. A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm39. Without electronic com

40、puters, much of todays _advanced technology. A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved 40. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 41. It is time that the government _measures to

41、protect the rare birds and animals. A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking 42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant _all diplomas from elementary school to university. A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have 43. He was very busy yesterday, othe

42、rwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldnt be surprised if he_ acting for a living one day. A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up45. If I had seen the movie, I _ you all about it now.

43、 A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told 46. I hadnt expected _Henry to apologize but I had hoped . A. him to call me up B. him calling me up C. that he would call me up D. that he will call me 47. I had hoped that John _a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.

44、 A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend 48. I had hoped that Jennifer_ a doctor, but she wasnt good enough at science. A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomes 49. Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being. A. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt 50. Id just as soon_ rudely

45、 to her. A. that you wont speak B. you not speaking C. you not speak D. you didnt speak 51. Its high time they_ this road. A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend 52. Its about time people_ notice of what women did during the war. A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take 53. Everybody h

46、as arrived. Its time we_ the class. A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. start 54. _ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 55. Mary _my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. A. has received B.

47、 ought to have received C. couldnt have received D. shouldnt have received 56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _to see his classmates off. A. came B. would come C. would have come D. should be coming 57. Hes working hard for fear that he_ . A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may

48、fall behind D. would fall behind 58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might_ for a century. A. have been postponed B. has been postponed C. postpone D. be postponed 59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_ in the home. A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working 60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _psychologically ready for the new idea. A. is B. were C. be D. would be 61. Toms fa