何凱文基礎(chǔ)寫作課知識點(diǎn)整理

1、何凱文考研英語寫作基礎(chǔ)課程知識點(diǎn)整理主講：何凱文整理：心理守夜人一、作文構(gòu)成：（一）應(yīng)用文 10 分，分為書信和告示兩大類，考生平均分6 分，我們的目標(biāo)是8 分。（二）議論文 20 分，分為圖畫作文（一般是英語 1）和圖表作文（一般是英語 2），考生平均分 8 分，我們的目標(biāo)是 14+分。議論文的分值包括獎勵分（ 3 分）基準(zhǔn)分（ 17 分）。獎勵分要求：正確、正規(guī)、可讀；基準(zhǔn)分要求：內(nèi)容、形式、語言（最重要）。二、獎勵分書寫要求（一）書寫工整（很重要）（二）標(biāo)點(diǎn)規(guī)范1.句號為一點(diǎn)2.逗號不能連接兩個句子3.不能寫書名號，可用the book of+書名（首字母大寫）代替4.引號 ”5.括號

2、()6.破折號7.如&等標(biāo)記不建議使用（三）修改正確1.如需修改可使用 / 劃掉錯誤的詞，在正上方寫上正確的詞即可。2.如需添加，可用兩單詞空格下方加” ，”并在上方加相加的詞即可。三、基準(zhǔn)分（一）內(nèi)容1.有話說：萬能角度（見2017 寫作高分攻略 P55），萬能例子。2.別跑題：內(nèi)容趨同，先字后圖（二）形式：分三段（三）語言1.句式：正確、復(fù)雜、多變2.用詞：正確、多樣3.如何做到句式正確？(1).句子主干正確(2).五大基本句型：動詞的用法(3).寫作時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，偶爾用將來時(shí)，不主張過去時(shí)。4.如何做到句式復(fù)雜(1).加 adj 或 adv：n+adj；v+adv(2).加同

3、位語： n 或者句子(3).加介詞短語做狀語：時(shí)間狀語，地點(diǎn)狀語(4).加定語從句(5).將兩個句子寫成一個句子Note：萬能狀語(1).The spirit of creation is indispensably(=very) important in the times of knowledge explosion,when the news,facts,opinions and even rumors have been bombarding us from every corner of the world.(2).The environmental preservation rea

4、lly matters,especially in China,a nation with the huge population undergoing the remarkable rapid economic growth.5.如何做到句式多變(1).虛擬語氣 =觀點(diǎn)的表達(dá)方式而不是事實(shí)句式一： It is high time that+主語 +動詞過去式 +其他It is high time that we took effective initiatives to put the situation on hold.句式二： It is imperative that +主語 +(sh

5、ould)+動詞 +其他 .意為必須做 .It is imperative that our media undertake more research before they setpen to paper.It is imperative that corresponding laws and regulations be introduced andenforced to curb and harness this urgent problem.句式三：虛擬條件句If there were no sth,sb would not do sth.If there were no refor

6、m and opening-up policy,we would not taste KFC orMcDonald（s.如果能完整無誤地拼寫專有詞匯比如人名、書名、商標(biāo)名等，會給閱卷老師留下好印象。 ）If there were no Hope project,those children in remote area would nottaste the precious knowledge.Were there no the self-confidence,the youngster would not taste the realhappiness of the success.(2).

7、倒裝句式一：部分倒裝：是指將謂語動詞的一部分如助動或情態(tài)動詞置于主語之前。否定詞或 only 或帶有否定含義的狀語被置于句首，會引起句子的部分倒裝。Only in this ways can we put the situation on hold.I think that.=No thinking man would refuse to accept the idea that.句式二：完全倒裝： 是指將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)。主系表倒裝為表系主On the stage stands a man.In the sunshine stands a you

8、ng tree.系動詞： be,exist come,go,stand,sit,run,walk,lie,swim,fly.In the greenhouse stands a delicate flower.(3).As 引導(dǎo)的從句As做代詞時(shí) +定語從句As做連詞時(shí) +狀語從句As is shown above,.如上所示As we all know,.眾所周知As you are old（狀語從句） ,.當(dāng)你老了(4).省略句并列引起省略，省略相同的成分狀語從句的省略：例 1：When removed out of the shelter,the flower can not weath

9、er the storm.例 2：We need more drastic/dramatic measure to stop the environment moving further to the sorry state that it already has in the past three decades.(5).other than 和 rather than 之類的插入語例 1:I am the best teacher.I,rather than any else,am the best teacher.No one,other I,is the best teacher.例

10、2:否定 +比較級 =最高級The problem of environment is the most serious in China.The problem of environment is more serious in no country other than China. In no country other than China,it has been said that（據(jù)說） ,is the problem of environment more serious.(6).綜合運(yùn)用：The education is very important now.The stake

11、s involving education have been the highest now.The stakes involving education have never been higher in any era of our nation than now.Never/in any era of our nation/ have/ the stakes involving education been higher/ than now.In no country other than China,according to a survey,is the phenomenon of

12、 cultural exchange more obvious.In no domain other than family education,according to a survey,is the effect of role model more evident.（四）用詞如何做到多樣(1).替換 very：同源修飾indispensably importantSignificantly importantGracefully beautiful(2).and the like：意為等等，替換陌生詞。(3)adj 轉(zhuǎn)折修飾使文章更加有思辨色彩，見寫作高分攻略P127。(4).反復(fù)取非

13、P127。(5)重視積累 P121(6)重復(fù)和押韻Survival and successIntroduce and enforceBeauty and BeastAspire to inspire until I expire.四、考研英語寫作逐段展開第一段：描述圖畫第二段：闡釋寓意第三段：給出評論 / 例子（一）第一段的逐句展開（23 句）第一句：圖畫描述句第二句：圖畫影響句（引起了關(guān)注）第三句：圖畫意義句（意義很深刻）第一句的寫法：如上所示： As is shown above,用完全倒裝描述中心對象的位置，用非謂語動詞或定語從句描述中心對象的動作或狀態(tài)， 用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)描述周圍事物或中

14、心對象的某一部分。(1).As is shown above,on the stage stands a handsome and gentle but reasonable man,holding the microphone and giving the impressive lecture,with his excellent students taking notes and involving in the interaction positively.(2).As is shown above,in the sunshine stands a pretty American gir

15、l,who is in the traditional Chinese costume wearing the ear-rings and the like,with sweet smile on her delicate face.P47Note:配圖文字的處理1.不處理2.處理(1).用獨(dú)立主格 +直接翻譯.,with a line going like this:.,with the caption reading that:.(2).用諺語的方式另寫一句P182、185Just as an old proverb says,.第二句的寫法：1.The great concern amo

16、ng the public has been aroused by this picture.2.The picture captures the great attention and abundant imagination on weibo,a popular social media in our country.3.The picture has stimulated a heated discussion on the wechat,a popular social network these days.4.The topic illustrated in the picture

17、will make good copy in the newspaper.5.People are drawn by the truth disclosed by this picture.6.The public is astonished by the bitter truth revealed by this picture.第三句的寫法：（意義句）深刻1.Simple as the picture is,the symbolic meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.2.Simple as the picture is,the author int

18、ends to convey (much more) complicated and profound meaning (than what we may sense at the first glance.)3.The drawing truly displays a status quo（現(xiàn)狀）that is worthy of our attention.4.This carries a profound message that demands our devoted attention and instant action.5.We cannot afford to turn a blind eye to the problem highlighted by this picture.（二）第二段的逐句展開平行展開法因果展開法舉例法科學(xué)論據(jù)法（三）第三段的逐句展開1.你的評論負(fù)面話題