Marketing市場(chǎng)營銷專業(yè)詞匯中英文對(duì)照表

1、回收的后向渠道后向垂直一體化橫幅標(biāo)語廣告根本生理需要波士頓增長 - 份額矩陣市場(chǎng)營銷專業(yè)詞匯中英文對(duì)照表Marketing Management 營銷管理 New Products Development 新產(chǎn)品開發(fā) Service Industry Marketing 效勞業(yè)營銷 Advertising 廣告Business Negotiation 商業(yè)談判 International Marketing國際市場(chǎng)營銷Sales Channels 銷售渠道 Public Relationship 公共關(guān)系 Consumer Behavior 消費(fèi)者行為Systems of Management

2、 Information 管理信息系統(tǒng) Marketing Research 營銷調(diào)研 accessibility 可進(jìn)入性accessory equipment markets附屬設(shè)備市場(chǎng)account management policies客戶管理策略positioning 定位 market segmentation 市場(chǎng)細(xì)分 sales promotion 銷售促進(jìn) advertising feedback 廣告反響 advertising frequency 廣告頻率 advertising media 廣告媒體 advertising reach 廣告承受人數(shù) advertisin

3、g message 廣告信息 advertising source 廣告信息來源 agent middleman 代理商allowance 折讓alteration 退換American Marketing Association 美國營銷協(xié)會(huì) annual marketing plan年度營銷方案assurance 保證attitudes of consumers 消費(fèi)者態(tài)度availability 可獲得性 / 供貨能力 awareness 產(chǎn)品知曉度 / 知名度baby boomers 嬰兒潮出生的一代人 backward channels for recycling backward

4、integration banner advertisements bar codes 條形碼 barter 實(shí)物交易basic physical needs BCG Grow-Share Matrix before tests 事前測(cè)試Behavior Scan Information Resources Inc. 行為掃 描信息源公司behavioural analysis 行為分析behavioural hierarchies行為層級(jí)benchmarking 基準(zhǔn) benefit clusters 利益群體 benefits 利益Benz 奔馳 billing 帳單 birth rate

5、 出生率 blanket purchase order一攬子采購合同blind-paired comparison testing 雙盲比較測(cè)試 blue collars 藍(lán)領(lǐng) bottom line 底線 / 盈虧一覽結(jié)算線 brand awareness 品牌意識(shí) / 認(rèn)知 brand extensions 品牌擴(kuò)展 brand loyalty 品牌忠誠度 brand mark 品牌標(biāo)志 brand name 品牌名稱 brand positioning品牌定位brand recognition品牌識(shí)別brand strategies 品牌戰(zhàn)略 brand 品牌 branding stra

6、tegy 品牌化戰(zhàn)略 branding 品牌化 brand's equity品牌的價(jià)值break-even analysis 盈虧平衡分析 break-even volume 盈虧平衡產(chǎn)量 breath of product assortment產(chǎn)品線的寬度bribery 賄賂British Airways 英國航空公司 brokers 經(jīng)紀(jì)人 budgeting 預(yù)算 bundle 捆綁Bureau of Census 人口統(tǒng)計(jì)局 business strength rating 商業(yè)能力評(píng)分 business plan 商業(yè)方案 business position 經(jīng)營地位 bus

7、iness sector 商業(yè)部門 business services markets 商業(yè)效勞市場(chǎng) business strategies 經(jīng)營戰(zhàn)略 business unit strategy經(jīng)營單位戰(zhàn)略buyback allowances 回購折讓 buyback arrangements 產(chǎn)品返銷 buyers' bargaining power買方的討價(jià)還價(jià)能力buyers 采購者 buying behavior 購置行為 buying center 采購中心 buying inertia 購置慣性buying intention 購置意圖buying offices 連鎖商

8、店的進(jìn)貨中心buying situation 采購情況 / 類型buying task 采購任務(wù)capital gains資本收益capital invested in product產(chǎn)品投入資本Carnival 嘉年華cash cows 現(xiàn)金牛類cash discounts 現(xiàn)金折扣catalogue sales 目錄銷售categorization of perception感知分類categorization 分門別類centralization 集中化compensation deals 補(bǔ)償處理 compensation plan 酬金方案 compensation/rewards

9、酬金 / 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) compensatory 補(bǔ)償性的 competition-orientated pricing競(jìng)爭(zhēng)導(dǎo)向定價(jià)法competitive advantage 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì) competitive (supply-side) evolution競(jìng)爭(zhēng)供方演變competitive factors 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)因素competitive intelligence競(jìng)爭(zhēng)情報(bào) / 信息competitive parity promotion budgeting競(jìng)爭(zhēng)均勢(shì)chameleons/followers channel alternatives channel conflicts channel de

10、cisions channel functions channel institutions channel management channel objectiveschannel of distribution channel power 渠道權(quán)力 channel-control strategies channel-design decisionschannel-management decisions channels of communication變色龍 / 跟隨者 可選擇的營銷渠道 渠道沖突 渠道決策 渠道功能渠道組織結(jié)構(gòu) 渠道管理 渠道目標(biāo)分銷渠道渠道控制戰(zhàn)略 渠道設(shè)計(jì)決策 渠

11、道管理決策 傳播渠道促銷預(yù)算法 competitive strategy competitive strength competitor analysis complaint handling競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì) / 能力 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者分析投訴處理component materials and parts markets 組成材料和 零部件市場(chǎng)computerized ordering conclusive research conditions of demand計(jì)算機(jī)化的訂購 確定性研究 需求情況conformance to specifications conformance 一致性與規(guī)格一致ch

12、oice criteria選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)closing a sale 完畢銷售 clothing retailers 服裝零售商 co-branding 聯(lián)合品牌 code of ethics職業(yè)道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)coercive power 強(qiáng)制權(quán)cognitive dissonance認(rèn)識(shí)的不協(xié)調(diào)collection of data 數(shù)據(jù)收集 collection 收款co-marketing alliances聯(lián)合營銷聯(lián)盟combination compensation plan結(jié)合式薪酬方案commitment 承諾 communication channels 傳播渠道communication p

13、rocess 傳播過程 communication 信息交流 / 溝通 communications media 傳播媒體confrontation strategy 對(duì)抗戰(zhàn)略 conjoint measurement 聯(lián)合測(cè)度法 conjunctive model 聯(lián)合模型 consumer decision-making 消費(fèi)者購置決策 consumer goods channels 消費(fèi)品分銷渠道 consumer goods 消費(fèi)品 consumer markets 消費(fèi)品市場(chǎng) consumer needs 消費(fèi)者需求 consumer packaged-goods firms消費(fèi)者包

14、裝食品公司consumer promotion 消費(fèi)者促銷 consumer tests 消費(fèi)者測(cè)試 consumer/household market 消費(fèi)者 / 家庭市場(chǎng) consumers' perceptions消費(fèi)者感知consumption 消費(fèi) contests 競(jìng)賽 contingency planning 權(quán)變方案 contract construction 契約建筑業(yè) contract manufacturing 契約制造業(yè) contraction/strategic withdrawal strategy 收縮 / 戰(zhàn)略性撤退戰(zhàn)略company personnel

15、 公司員工 comparative advertisements比較廣告comparison of brands 品牌比較contractual entry modes 契約式進(jìn)入模式contractual vertical marketing systems合約式垂直營銷系統(tǒng)contribution margin analysis邊際奉獻(xiàn)奉獻(xiàn)毛利分析contribution margin邊際奉獻(xiàn)control strategies 控制戰(zhàn)略 convenience food stores 便利食品商店 convenience goods 便利品 convenience 效勞的便利性 core

16、 benefit proposition (CBP)核心利益方案 / 提議corollary-data method 推定數(shù)據(jù)法 corporate HQ 公司總部 corrective action矯正行動(dòng)cost analysis 本錢分析 cost effectiveness 本錢有效性customer-oriented pricing 顧客導(dǎo)向定價(jià)法 customers' perception 顧客感知data confidentiality 數(shù)據(jù)data research 數(shù)據(jù)研究data sources 數(shù)據(jù)來源 dealers 經(jīng)銷商 deceptive advertis

17、ements 欺騙性廣告 deciders 決策者 declining markets 衰退市場(chǎng) decoding 解碼 defect rate 缺陷率預(yù)期零售差異化營銷不同時(shí)間的差異差異化戰(zhàn)略創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散理論cost leadership strategy 本錢領(lǐng)先戰(zhàn)略 cost of capital 資本本錢cost of goods sold (COGS) 產(chǎn)品銷售本錢 cost reductions 降低本錢產(chǎn)品cost-and-volume relationship 本錢 - 數(shù)量關(guān)系 cost-oriented pricing本錢導(dǎo)向定價(jià)法cost-plus/mark-up prici

18、ng 本錢加成 / 溢價(jià)定價(jià)法 costs and benefits of marketing functions營銷職 能的本錢和效益costs of competitors競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者本錢costs of distribution分銷本錢counter trade 對(duì)等貿(mào)易 courtesy 禮貌coverage of geographic market地域性市場(chǎng)的圍coverage of relevant retailers相關(guān)零售商的銷售圍credibility 信譽(yù) credit terms 信貸條款 critical assumptions關(guān)鍵假設(shè)cross-elasticity 交叉彈

19、性 customary pricing習(xí)慣性定價(jià)法customer analysis顧客分析customer contact 顧客接觸 customer demand 顧客需求 customer intimacy 顧客親密度 customer loyalty 顧客忠誠度 customer need 顧客需要customer organization of sales force按客戶組織銷售隊(duì)伍customer retention 顧客維系 / 保存customer satisfaction 顧客滿意度customer segment pricing 顧客細(xì)分市場(chǎng)定價(jià) customer ser

20、vice 顧客效勞defender strategy防御型戰(zhàn)略defensive new-product development strategy 御性新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略defensive positioning防御性定位delivery time 交付時(shí)間 delivery 配送 demand characteristics 需求特征 demand curve 需求曲線 demand-oriented pricing 需求導(dǎo)向定價(jià)法 demographic environment 人口統(tǒng)計(jì)環(huán)境 department stores 百貨商店 dependability 可靠性deregulatio

21、n 放松管制 descriptive research 描述性研究 design decisions 設(shè)計(jì)決策 desired percentage mark-up on retail 利潤率desired percentage return預(yù)期回報(bào)率determinant attributes關(guān)鍵屬性determinants 決定因素different responses差異反響differentiated marketing differentiation over time differentiation strategy differentiation 差異化 diffusion of

22、 innovation theory dimension 因素dimensions of quality質(zhì)量維度direct costing profitability analysis直接本錢盈利性分析direct mail直接郵寄direct marketing via advertising media通過廣告媒體的直接營銷direct marketing直接營銷direct product profitability (DPP)直接產(chǎn)品盈利性/ 利潤率direct selling直銷discount rate 貼現(xiàn)率discount stores 折扣商店discount 折扣disc

23、ount/premium price policies折扣 / 溢價(jià)策略discriminant analysis差異分析法discriminatory adjustments 歧視價(jià)風(fēng)格整discriminatory pricing adjustmentsdisjunctive model別離模型display space 列空間 disposable income 可支配收入dissonance-attribution hierarchy 次結(jié)構(gòu)distribution channel designs distribution channel objectives歧視定價(jià)調(diào)不和諧 - 歸屬

24、層分銷渠道設(shè)計(jì) 分銷渠道的目標(biāo)distribution channel 分銷渠道 distribution decisions 分銷決策 distribution policies 分銷策略 distribution 分銷 distributor/store (private labels) brands分銷商/ 私有品牌distributors 分銷商 diversification 多元化 divest 撤退 divest 出讓divestment or liquidation dividend 紅利收回投資或清算domestic target marketing strategies國目

25、標(biāo)市場(chǎng)定位的營銷戰(zhàn)略dropping products 放棄產(chǎn)品dual/two channel distribution systems雙重分銷系統(tǒng) durability 耐用性 early vs late adoption 早期采購與后期采購 earnings per share 每股收益 economic and technological factors經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)因素 economic power 經(jīng)濟(jì)權(quán) economies of scale 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì) education services教育效勞effectiveness 有效性 efficiency 效率 emergency good

26、s 急需品 emotional appeals 情感訴求 empathy 移情作用 empirical evidence經(jīng)驗(yàn)性實(shí)例empowerment 授權(quán) encoding 編碼 end use 最終使用 endorsement 贊同 engineering 產(chǎn)品工程設(shè)計(jì) entrepreneurial strategy 企業(yè)家戰(zhàn)略 entry strategies 進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)略 environment and packaging disposal環(huán)境與包裝處理 environment factors環(huán)境因素environmental scanning環(huán)境掃描 / 分析environmenta

27、l strategy環(huán)境戰(zhàn)略establishment 機(jī)構(gòu) ethical audit公司倫理審計(jì)ethics of marketing 營銷倫理道德 ethnic composition 種族構(gòu)成 European Community 歐共體 evaluation and reward systems 評(píng)估與獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)體系 evaluation and selection of supplier評(píng)估和選擇供應(yīng)商 evaluation of alternatives 評(píng)估替代品 / 各種選擇 evaluation of brands 品牌評(píng)估event sponsorship 事件贊助event

28、活動(dòng)everyday low-price (EDLP) 天天低價(jià) evoked set 引發(fā)的組合 evolution of market市場(chǎng)演變exchange 交換exclusive dealing 獨(dú)家銷售 exclusive distribution 獨(dú)家分銷 executive summary 執(zhí)行摘要 exhibition media 展示廣告媒體 existing market 現(xiàn)有市場(chǎng) exit barriers 退出壁壘 expansion path 擴(kuò)途徑 expectation measures顧客預(yù)期測(cè)度expectations of customers 顧客期望 ex

29、pected unit sales 預(yù)計(jì)產(chǎn)量 expected value 期望價(jià)值 experience curve 經(jīng)驗(yàn)曲線 experimental research 實(shí)驗(yàn)性研究 expert power 專長權(quán) exploratory research 探索性研究 export agents 出口代理商 export jobbers 出口批發(fā)商 export management company 出口管理公司 export merchants 出口貿(mào)易商 export 出口 exporting 出口商品 extended use strategy 擴(kuò)大使用戰(zhàn)略 extending vo

30、lume growth擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)份額external data sources 外部數(shù)據(jù)來源 external environment 外部環(huán)境extrapolation of past sales trends 過去銷售趨 勢(shì)推測(cè)法facilitating agencies輔助 / 中介機(jī)構(gòu)factor analysis fads 時(shí)尚 family branding family life cycle family structure因素分析法家族品牌家庭生命周期家庭結(jié)構(gòu)farm products 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品 fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG)快速變動(dòng)的消費(fèi)品 f

31、ear appeals 恐懼 / 顧慮訴求 features 特征Federal Department Stores聯(lián)邦百貨商店Federal Trade Code FTC) 聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易法案 FedEx (Federal Express)聯(lián)邦快遞feedback data 反響數(shù)據(jù) field test marketing 實(shí)地市場(chǎng)測(cè)試 financing 融資 fisheries 漁業(yè) fit and finish 結(jié)實(shí)度與外觀 fixed costs 固定本錢 fixed salary 固定工資 flanker strategy 側(cè)翼進(jìn)攻戰(zhàn)略 flanker/fighting brand 戰(zhàn)

32、斗品牌 flanking and encirclement strategies 側(cè)翼進(jìn)攻 與圍堵戰(zhàn)略 flat organizational structure扁平的組織結(jié)構(gòu)FOB origin pricing FOB產(chǎn)地定價(jià)法focus strategy 集中戰(zhàn)略 followers 追隨者 Ford 福特公司 foreign middlemen 國外中間商 forestry 林業(yè) formalization 形式 / 規(guī)化 formulate 制定 fortress/position-defence strategy 防御堡壘戰(zhàn) 略Fortune ?財(cái)富?雜志 forward integ

33、ration 向前一體化 franchise systems 特許系統(tǒng) franchising 特許經(jīng)營 free call numbers免費(fèi)free goods 免費(fèi)商品 freight-absorption pricing免收運(yùn)費(fèi)定價(jià)法frontal attack strategy正面進(jìn)攻戰(zhàn)略fringe benefits小額津貼full costing profitability analysis全本錢盈利性分析full-service wholesalers全方位效勞的批發(fā)商functional competencies and resource allocation 職能能力與資源

34、分配functional efficiency 職能效率functional organization of sales force 按銷售 職能組織銷售隊(duì)伍functional organizational structure職能型組織結(jié)構(gòu)functional performance 功能性能functional strategy 職能戰(zhàn)略games 比賽gap 差距gatekeepers 信息傳遞者general behavioral descriptors 一般行為變量General Electric (GE) 通用電氣General Foods Corporation通用食品gener

35、al merchandise discount chains群眾商品折扣連鎖店General Motors 通用汽車geodemographics 區(qū)域人口統(tǒng)計(jì)特征 geographic adjustments 地理調(diào)整 geographic distribution 地理分布geographical organization of sales force 按地 區(qū)組織銷售隊(duì)伍Gillette 吉列剔須刀global adjustments 全球調(diào)整global elite consumer segment全球精英消費(fèi)品市場(chǎng)global expansion 全球擴(kuò)global marketin

36、g control全球營銷控制global markets 全球市場(chǎng)global niche strategy 全球時(shí)機(jī)戰(zhàn)略global standardization strategy 全球標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化戰(zhàn)略 global teenage segment 全球青少年市場(chǎng) globalization 全球化global-market expansion 全球市場(chǎng)擴(kuò) goals 總目標(biāo)going-rate/competitive parity pricing 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性平 價(jià)定價(jià)法goods producers 產(chǎn)品制造商Goodyear 固特異輪胎government agencies 政府機(jī)構(gòu) gove

37、rnment buyers 政府采購者 government market 政府市場(chǎng) government regulation 政府管制 greenhouse effect 溫室效應(yīng) grey market 灰色市場(chǎng) gross domestic product (GDP)國生產(chǎn)總值gross margin 毛利 gross national product (GNP)國民生產(chǎn)總值gross profit毛利gross rating points (GRPs)總級(jí)別指數(shù)group/category product manager 類別產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理 growing markets 成長市場(chǎng) gro

38、wth rate of market 市場(chǎng)增長率 growth stage of product life cycle 產(chǎn)品生命周 期的成長階段growth-extension strategies 增長擴(kuò)戰(zhàn)略 growth-market strategies for market leaders 市 場(chǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的市場(chǎng)增長戰(zhàn)略growth-market strategy 成長性市場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)略 growth-market targeting strategy 成長性市場(chǎng)定 位戰(zhàn)略guarantee/warranty保證 / 擔(dān)保guarantees 保證Gucci 古琦世界著名時(shí)裝品牌Haagen-Da

39、zs 哈根達(dá)斯hard technology 硬技術(shù)Harvard Business Review ?哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論?harvest 收獲harvesting pricing收獲定價(jià)法harvesting strategy收獲戰(zhàn)略health care 醫(yī)療保健health maintenance organizations (HMOs) 美國 衛(wèi)生保健組織heavy buyer 大客戶Heileman Brewing CompanyHeinz 亨氏食品 helpfulness 有益性Henkel 漢高Hertz 赫茲美國汽車租賃巨頭 Hewlett-Packard 惠普公司hierarchy

40、of strategy戰(zhàn)略的層次high margin/low-turnover retailers 轉(zhuǎn)率的零售商高利潤 / 低周high market share global strategy高市場(chǎng)份額全球戰(zhàn)略高接觸效勞系統(tǒng) 高參與產(chǎn)品 高參與購置high-contact service system high-involvement product high-involvement purchase hight market share 高市場(chǎng)份額戰(zhàn)略Hilton 希爾頓Holiday Inns 假日旅館 homogeneous market 同質(zhì)市場(chǎng) Honda 本田household

41、/family life cycle 家庭生命周期 household 家庭hybrid technology 混合技術(shù) idea generation 創(chuàng)意的產(chǎn)生 / 生成 ideas for new products 新產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)意 / 設(shè)想 idea-screening process 創(chuàng)意篩選過程 identification of segments 識(shí)別細(xì)分市場(chǎng) Illinois Tool Works 伊利諾斯工具廠image pricing 形象定價(jià)模仿定位模仿戰(zhàn)略 影響評(píng)估 非個(gè)人的信息來源imitative positioning imitative strategy impact

42、 evaluation impersonal sources implementation and control of marketing programs 營銷方案的執(zhí)行和控制implementation 實(shí)施improvements in or revisions of existing products 現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品的改進(jìn)或修正 impulse buying 沖動(dòng)購置 impulse goods 沖動(dòng)購置品incentives 鼓勵(lì) income 收入 increased penetration strategy增加滲透戰(zhàn)略indirect costing profitability an

43、alysis間接本錢盈利性分析 individual brand個(gè)別品牌individual value個(gè)人價(jià)值industrial goods & services工業(yè)產(chǎn)品和效勞industrial goods channels工業(yè)品分銷渠道industry attractiveness 行業(yè)吸引力 industry attractiveness-business position matrix 行業(yè)吸引力 - 業(yè)務(wù)地位矩陣 industry dynamics 產(chǎn)業(yè)動(dòng)態(tài) industry evaluation 產(chǎn)業(yè)評(píng)估 industry evolution 產(chǎn)業(yè)演變 inelasti

44、c 缺乏價(jià)格彈性 influences 影響者 info-communications industry 信息通信行業(yè) infomercials 商業(yè)信息廣告 information age 信息時(shí)代 information search 信息搜集 information technology 信息技術(shù) information 信息 informative 告知性的 ingredient 成份 in-home personal interview個(gè)人家庭訪談in-house use tests 部使用測(cè)試 innovation 創(chuàng)新 innovativeness 創(chuàng)新性 installatio

45、n 設(shè)施 in-store display 店展示 in-store positioning 店布局 in-store promotion 店促銷 intangibles 無形 integrated marketing communication plan (IMC) 整合營銷傳播方案 integration of perception 感知整合 integration 整合 Intel 因特爾intensity of market position 市場(chǎng)地位的集中程 度intensity 集中程度intensive distribution 密集型分銷interactions across

46、multiple target markets 多 目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)間的相互作用interactive media 交互式媒體 interest rates 利率 internal data sources 部數(shù)據(jù)來源 internal marketing 部營銷internal organizational structure部組織結(jié)構(gòu)international advertising國際廣告international channels國際分銷渠道international division國際分部laboratory tests實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試leapfrog strategy蛙跳戰(zhàn)略learning

47、hierarchy 學(xué)習(xí)層級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu) legal services 法律效勞 legislation 立法 legitimate power 法定權(quán) level of compensation 酬金水平 level of technical sophistication 技術(shù)的復(fù)雜程 度Levi Strauss 維史特勞斯Levi's 列維斯全球最大的牛仔服制造商 lexicographic model 詞典編纂模型 lifestyle 生活方式 limited-service wholesalers有限效勞的批發(fā)商international marketing國際營銷internatio

48、nal organizational design 計(jì)國際組織設(shè)line extension 產(chǎn)品線擴(kuò)展 line filling 產(chǎn)品線填充 line stretching 產(chǎn)品線延伸internationalization of services效勞的國際化introductory stage of product life cycle 生命周期的推出階段產(chǎn)品inventory level庫存水平investor relations advertising投資關(guān)系廣告issue advertising觀點(diǎn)廣告jobbers 批發(fā)商Johnson & Johnson 強(qiáng)生joint

49、ventures 合資jury of executive opinion 行政管理人員群體意見 法just noticeable difference (JND) 恰巧注意到的 差異just-in-time (JIT) management system準(zhǔn)時(shí)制管理體系just-in-time purchasing arrangements與key account management 主要客戶管理key accounts 關(guān)鍵客戶key benefits 核心利益key environmental issue identification確定主要的環(huán)境問題key variables 關(guān)鍵變量k

50、ey/house accounts 關(guān)鍵 / 機(jī)構(gòu)客戶list price 訂價(jià)Loyd's of London localization strategy location pricing location 位置 lodging 房屋出租 logistical alliances long-term memory倫敦勞埃德保險(xiǎn)公司 本地化戰(zhàn)略 場(chǎng)所定價(jià)后勤聯(lián)盟長期記憶lost customer 失去的顧客Louis Vuitt on路易威登法國著名時(shí)尚品牌low-contact service system 低接觸效勞系統(tǒng)low-cost defender 低本錢防御型low-cos

51、t position 低本錢地位low-involvement hierarchy 低參與程度層級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu) macro risks 宏觀風(fēng)險(xiǎn)macro-environment 宏觀環(huán)境 macro-segmentation 宏觀細(xì)分 mail-order retailers郵購零售商maintaining market share 保持市場(chǎng)份額 maintenance strategy保持戰(zhàn)略management overhead 管理費(fèi)mandatory adaptation強(qiáng)制性適應(yīng)manufacturer brand制造商 / 全國性品牌manufacturers' agents/r

52、epresentatives生產(chǎn)商的代理商 / 銷售代表manufacturers' export agents (MEA)制造商出口代理manufacturers' sales offices/branches生產(chǎn)商的銷售辦事處 / 分支機(jī)構(gòu)manufacturing process 制造過程manufacturing 制造業(yè)market aggregation strategy 整體市場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)略market attractiveness factors 市場(chǎng)吸引力因素 market attractiveness 市場(chǎng)吸引力market attractiveness/busine

53、ss position matrix 市場(chǎng)吸引力 / 業(yè)務(wù)地位矩陣market circumstances 市場(chǎng)環(huán)境market demographics 市場(chǎng)人口分布 / 統(tǒng)計(jì)特征market dimension 市場(chǎng)量度market entry strategies 市場(chǎng)進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)略market exclusion 市場(chǎng)排斥market expansion strategy 市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)戰(zhàn)略market factors 市場(chǎng)因素market followers 市場(chǎng)跟隨者market growth rate 市場(chǎng)增長率market hierarchy 市場(chǎng)等級(jí)market inclusion 市場(chǎng)納

54、入market leaders 市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者market measurement 市場(chǎng)測(cè)量market opportunity analysis 市場(chǎng)時(shí)機(jī)分析market oriented 以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向的market position factors 市場(chǎng)地位因素market positioning analysis市場(chǎng)定位分析market potential measurements 市場(chǎng)潛力測(cè)度 market research 市場(chǎng)研究market segment 細(xì)分市場(chǎng)market segmentation 市場(chǎng)細(xì)分market share 市場(chǎng)份額market targeting 目標(biāo)

55、市場(chǎng)選擇market 市場(chǎng)marketability 市場(chǎng)開拓能力 market-entry strategies 市場(chǎng)進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)略 marketing action plan營銷行動(dòng)方案marketing audit營銷審計(jì)marketing channel 營銷渠道 marketing codes of conduct營銷行為規(guī)marketing communication營銷溝通 / 傳播marketing concept 營銷觀念 marketing control 營銷控制 marketing decision support systems (MDSS)營銷決策支持系統(tǒng) marketi

56、ng environment audit營銷環(huán)境審計(jì)marketing flows and functions營銷過程和職能marketing function area audit 營銷功能領(lǐng)域的 審 計(jì) marketing implications of對(duì)營銷的影響marketing information system營銷信息系統(tǒng)marketing institutions營銷機(jī)構(gòu)marketing management 營銷管理 marketing message 營銷信息 marketing mix 營銷組合 marketing policy營銷策略marketing productivity area audit營銷生產(chǎn)力領(lǐng)域的審計(jì) marketing program components 營銷方案容 marketing program 營銷方案 / 方案 marketing relationship營銷關(guān)系marketing research營銷研究marketing strategy營銷戰(zhàn)略market-management organizational structure市場(chǎng)管理組織結(jié)構(gòu) mark-up price 產(chǎn)品 / 溢價(jià)價(jià)格Marlboro 萬寶路 Marriott Hotel 萬豪酒店 mass-