高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-名詞性從句-全(共3頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高中語(yǔ)法之名詞性從句一，復(fù)習(xí)句型1，主+系+表Li Lei is a Chinese boy. （ Li Lei 是名詞，作主語(yǔ)。） 2，主+VI(+介+賓)He arrived. (arrive 就是不及物動(dòng)詞。)3，主+VT+賓He enjoys music.(enjoy 是及物動(dòng)詞，賓語(yǔ)為music)二，名詞性從句的概念句子中的從句部分，作用相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。三，名詞性從句的分類主語(yǔ)從句What you said sounds reasonable.表語(yǔ)從句This is what I was asked to do.賓語(yǔ)從句N

2、obody knows who broke the glass.同位從句The idea that well go out for a picnic is great.四，that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句6、 名詞性that-從句1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒(méi)有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主 語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和形容詞賓語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)：That she is still alive is her luck.她還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。 賓語(yǔ)：John said that he was leaving for L

3、ondon on Wednesday.約翰說(shuō)他星期三要到倫敦去。 表語(yǔ)：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事實(shí)是近來(lái)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他。 同位語(yǔ)：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近來(lái)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他，這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安。 形容詞賓語(yǔ)：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你對(duì)工作滿意我感到很高興。 2）That-從句作主語(yǔ)通常用it作先行詞，而將that

4、-從句置于句末，例如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。 Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主語(yǔ)的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系： a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句 It is necessary that有必要 It is important that重要的是 It is obvious that很明顯 b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句 It

5、is believed that人們相信 It is known to all that眾所周知 It has been decided that已決定 c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句 It is common knowledge that是常識(shí) It is a surprise that令人驚奇的是 It is a fact that事實(shí)是 d. It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that-從句 It appears that似乎 It happens that碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起 七、名詞性wh-從句1）由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從

6、句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語(yǔ)法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)等，例如： 主語(yǔ)： How the book will sell depends on its author.書(shū)銷售如何取決于作者本人。 直接賓語(yǔ)：In ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以隨心所欲。 間接賓語(yǔ)：The club will give who

7、ever wins a prize. 俱樂(lè)部將給得勝者設(shè)獎(jiǎng)。 表語(yǔ)： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)將接任該基金會(huì)主席職位。 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。 同位語(yǔ)：I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。 形容詞賓語(yǔ)：Im not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的

8、邀請(qǐng)。 介詞賓語(yǔ)：That depends on where we shall go. 那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?2） Wh-從句作主語(yǔ)也常用先行詞it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將wh-從句置于句末，例如： It is not yet decided who will do that job. 還沒(méi)決定誰(shuí)做這項(xiàng)工作。 It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。 八if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句1）yes-no型疑問(wèn)從句從屬連詞if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的，因此也分別被稱為ye

9、s-no型疑問(wèn)句從句和選擇型疑問(wèn)從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同， 例如： 主語(yǔ)：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計(jì)劃是否可行還有待證實(shí)。 賓語(yǔ)：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.請(qǐng)讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫(xiě)完。 表語(yǔ)：The point is whether we should lend him the money.問(wèn)題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢給他。 同位語(yǔ)：They are investigating the

10、question whether the man is trustworthy.他們調(diào)查他是否值得信賴。 形容詞賓語(yǔ)： Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她懷疑我們是否能夠前來(lái)。 介詞賓語(yǔ)： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我擔(dān)心他是否能度過(guò)疾病的危險(xiǎn)期。 2）選擇性疑問(wèn)從句選擇性疑問(wèn)從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whetheror或whetheror not構(gòu)成，例如： Please tell me whether / if they are

11、 Swedish or Danish. 請(qǐng)告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。 I dont care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計(jì)劃。 if和whether的區(qū)別： 1、 在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether 。 I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。 2、 在whether or not 的固定搭配中。 I want to know whether its good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。 3 、在介詞后，只能用whether。His father is worri

12、ed about whether he lose his work . 他的父親擔(dān)心是否會(huì)失去工作。 4、 賓語(yǔ)從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，只能用whether 。Whether this is true or not, I really dont know. 這是否真的，我真的不知道。 3、 （例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他們是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。此例為主語(yǔ)從句，有誤，感謝指出） 5、 用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，只用whether。如： Could you tell me if you

13、know the answer ? 這句話有兩種意思：“你能告訴我是否知道答案嗎？”或“如果你知道答案，請(qǐng)告訴我，好嗎？”。如用whether可避免歧義. 九, whoever 和 whatever 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句whoever引導(dǎo)主，賓從句=anyone who-whatever引導(dǎo)主，賓從句=anything that-Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, where it will keep for two or three weeks.(2011安徽卷28)=Anything that is left over

14、 may be put into the refrigerator, where it will keep for two or three weeks.Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.任何在這樣的大雨中行走得人都會(huì)患感冒。=Anyone who walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.（主語(yǔ)從句）I will give the ticket to whoever is interested in music.我將把票給對(duì)音樂(lè)感興趣的人。= I will give the ticket to anyone who is interested in music.(賓語(yǔ)從句)注意區(qū)別：Who will go makes no difference.（主語(yǔ)從句）I dont know who will do it.(賓語(yǔ)從句)以上兩句中的who不能換成anyone whowhoever引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)等