[考研英語]考博英語寫作

1、.考博英語寫作開頭萬能公式：1 開頭萬能公式一：名人名言有人問了，“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦？尤其是英語名言？”，很好辦：編！原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來的，包括我們欣賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理呦！而且沒準將來我們就是名人呢！對吧？經(jīng)典句型：A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （適用于已記住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （適用于自編名言）更多經(jīng)典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny th

2、at2 開頭萬能公式二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計原理：要想更有說服力，就應(yīng)該用實際的數(shù)字來說明。原則上在議論文當中十不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試的時候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型：According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起來這個數(shù)字文鄒鄒的，其實都是編造出來的，下面隨便幾個題目我們都可以這樣編造：Honesty根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，大學生向老師請假的理由

3、當中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時候首選的交通工具是自行車。Youth根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，在某個大學，學生的課余時間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?根據(jù)最近的一項統(tǒng)計調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：A recent statistics shows that 結(jié)尾萬能公式：1 結(jié)尾萬能公式一：如此結(jié)論說完了，畢竟要歸納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長篇大論，到最后終于冒出個“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待

4、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說結(jié)束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個精彩的結(jié)尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：Obviously（此為過渡短語）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果讀者很難“顯而見之”，但說無妨，就當讀者的眼光太淺罷了！更多過渡短語：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus更多句型：Thus, it can be concluded that,

5、 Therefore, we can find that2 結(jié)尾萬能公式二：如此建議如果說“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾最沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應(yīng)該是最有價值的廢話了，因為這里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個很經(jīng)典的虛擬語氣的句型。拽！Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.這里的虛擬語氣用得很經(jīng)典，因為考官本來經(jīng)?？歼@個句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會怎么想呢？更多句型：Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Conseq

6、uently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.考博英語寫作：必須注意的原則一、 長短句原則工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長句，累死人！寫一個短小精辟的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual

7、 need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可見，長短句結(jié)合，抑揚頓挫，豈不爽哉？牢記！強烈建議：在文章第一段（開頭）用一長一短，且先長后短；在文章主體部分，要先用一個短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個要點的時候采用先短后長的句群形式，定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝！文章結(jié)尾一般用一長一短就可以了。二，主題句原則國有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否則會給人造成“群龍無首”之感！相信各位讀過一些破爛文學，故意把主體隱藏在文章之內(nèi)，結(jié)果造成我們稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉勸各位一定要寫一個主題句，放在文章的開頭（保險型）或者結(jié)尾，讓讀者一目了然，必會平安

8、無事！ 特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險的！To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主題句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、一 二 三原則領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話總是第一部分、第一點、第二點、第三點、第二部分、第一點 如此羅嗦?？僧吘惯€是條理清楚?？脊賯兛次恼乱脖厝灰ㄟ^這些關(guān)鍵性的“標簽”來判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，條

9、理自然。破解方法很簡單，只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個要點前就清楚了。1）first, second, third, last（不推薦，原因：俗）2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推薦，原因：俗）3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推薦，原因：俗）4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推薦，原因：俗）5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally

10、（強烈推薦）6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（強烈推薦）7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（強烈推薦）8）most important of all, moreover, finally9）on the one hand, on the other hand（適用于兩點的情況）10）for one thing, for another thing（適用于兩點的情況）建議：不僅僅在寫作中注意，平時說話的時候也應(yīng)該條理清楚！四、 短語優(yōu)先原則寫作時，尤其是在考試時，如果使用短語，有

11、兩個好處：其一、用短語會使文章增加亮點，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡單，看不到一個自己不認識的短語，必然會看你低一等。相反，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)亮點精彩的短語，那么你的文章定會得高分了。其二、關(guān)鍵時刻思維短路，只有湊字數(shù)，怎么辦？用短語是一個辦法！比如：I cannot bear it.可以用短語表達：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短語表達：I am looking forward to it.這樣字數(shù)明顯增加，表達也更準確。五、 多實少虛原則原因很簡單，寫文章還是應(yīng)該寫一些實際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實詞，少用虛詞。我這里所說的虛詞就是指那些比較

12、大的詞。比如我們說一個很好的時候，不應(yīng)該之說nice這樣空洞的詞，應(yīng)該使用一些諸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之類的形象詞。再比如：走出房間，general的詞是：walk out of the room但是小偷走出房間應(yīng)該說：slip out of the room小姐走出房間應(yīng)該說：sail out of the room小孩走出房間應(yīng)該說：dance out of the room老人走出房間應(yīng)該說：stagger out of the room所以多用實詞，少用虛詞，文章將

13、會大放異彩！六、 多變句式原則1）加法（串聯(lián)）都希望寫下很長的句子，像個老外似的，可就是怕寫錯，怎么辦，最保險的寫長句的方法就是這些，可以在任何句子之間加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后關(guān)系或者并列關(guān)系。比如說：I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我們可以用一個超級句式：Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短語可以用：besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover2）轉(zhuǎn)折（拐彎抹角）批評某人缺點的時候，我們總習慣

14、先拐彎抹角說說他的優(yōu)點，然后轉(zhuǎn)入正題，再說缺點，這種方式雖然陰險了點，可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。所以呢，我們說話的時候，只要在要點之前先來點廢話，注意二者之間用個專這次就夠了。The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短語：despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding3）因果（so, so, so）昨天在街上我看到了一個女孩，然后我

15、主動搭訕，然后我們?nèi)タХ葟d，然后我們認識了，然后我們成為了朋友可見，講故事的時候我們總要追求先后順序，先什么，后什么，所以然后這個詞就變得很常見了。其實這個詞表示的是先后或因果關(guān)系！The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短語：then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that4）失衡句（頭重腳輕，或者頭輕腳重）有些人腦袋大，身體小，或者有些人腦袋小，身體大，雖然我們不希望長成這個樣子，可如果真的是這樣了，也就必然會吸引別人的

16、注意力。文章中如果出現(xiàn)這樣的句子，就更會讓考官看到你的句子與眾不同。其實就是主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句的變形。舉例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同樣主語、賓語、表語可以改成如下的復(fù)雜成分：When to go, Why he goes away5）附加（多此一舉）如果有了老婆，總會遇到這樣的情況，當你再講某個人的時候，她會插一句說，我昨天見過他；或者說，就是某某某，如果把老婆的話插入到我們的話里面，那就是定語從句和同位語從句或者是插入語。The man whom you met yest

17、erday is a friend of mine.I dont enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其實很簡單，同位語-要解釋的東西刪除后不影響整個句子的構(gòu)成；定語從句借用之前的關(guān)鍵詞并且用其重新組成一個句子插入其中，但是whom or that 關(guān)鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。6）排比（排山倒海句）文學作品中最吸引人的地方莫過于此，如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話，那么我希望你引用一個個的排比句，一個個得對偶句，一個個的不定式，一個個地詞，一個個的短語，如此表達將會使文章

18、有排山倒海之勢！Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledg

19、e, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. （氣勢恢宏）要想寫出如此氣勢恢宏的句子非用排比不可！七、 挑戰(zhàn)極限原則既然十挑戰(zhàn)極限，必然是比較難的，但是并非不可攀！原理：在學生的文章中，很少發(fā)現(xiàn)諸如獨立主格的句子，其實也很簡單，只要花上5分鐘的時間看看就可以領(lǐng)會，它就是分詞的一種特殊形式，分詞要求主語一致，而獨立主格則不然。比如：The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second l

20、argest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出這樣的句子，不得高分才怪！考博英語寫作：文章主體段落三大殺手锏一、舉實例思維短路，舉實例！提出一個觀點，舉實例！提出一個方案，舉實例！而且者也是我們揭示一個觀點最好的方式，任何情況下，只要我們無法繼續(xù)文章，不管三七二十一，盡管舉例子！In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, s

21、uch as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.更多句型：To take as an example, One example is, Another example is,

22、for example二、做比較方法：寫完一個要點，比較與之相似的；又寫完一個要點，再比較與之相反的；世界上沒有同樣的指紋，沒有相同的樹葉，文章亦同，只有通過比較，你才會發(fā)現(xiàn)二者的相同點（through comparison）和不同點（through contrast）。下面是一些短語：相似的比較：in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner相反的比較：on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the

23、contrary, compared with , 三、換言之沒話說了，可以換一句話再說，讓你的文章在多一些字，或者文鄒鄒地說，是讓讀者更充分的理解你的觀點。實際就是重復(fù)重復(fù)再重復(fù)！下面的句子實際上就三個字 I love you！I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you.I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you.或者上面我們舉過的例子：I cannot bear it.可以用短語表達：I cannot put up with it.

24、因此可以這樣說：I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.更多短語：in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more 作文模板（1） 不同觀點列舉型（選擇型） There is a widespread concern over the issue that _作文題目_. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varie

25、s from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 觀點一_. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, _原因一_.Furthermore, in the second place, _原因二_. So it goes without saying that _觀點一_.People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somep

26、eoplehold the idea that _觀點二_. In their point of view, on the one hand， _原因一_. On the other hand, _原因二_. Therefore, thereis nodoubtthat _觀點二_.As far as I am concerned, Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat _觀點一或二_.Itis not only because _, but also because _. The more _, the more _. （2）利弊型的議論文Nowadays, there is

27、a widespread concern over (the issue that)_作文題目_. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in _題目議題_. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, _優(yōu)點一_. And secondly _優(yōu)點二_.Just As a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides, _討論議題

28、_ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, _缺點一_. In addition, _缺點二_.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of _討論議題_ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use

29、of the _討論議題_.（3） 答題性議論文 Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)_作文題目_ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this

30、 problem. First of all, _途徑一_. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is _途徑二_. Above all, to solve the problem of _作文題目_, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, _方法_.（4）

31、 諺語警句性議論文 It is well know to us that the proverb: _諺語_ has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means _諺語的含義_. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically ) A case in point is _例子一_. Therefore, it is goes with

32、out saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb _諺語_. With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: _諺語_. The more we are aware of the significance of this fa

33、mous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.（5）圖表作文的框架 As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentageinthetable(graph/picture/pie/chart), _作文題目的議題_ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasin

34、g from_ in _ to _ in _. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that _.Thereareatleasttwogoodreasons accounting for _. Ontheonehand, _. Ontheotherhand,_ isduetothefactthat _.Inaddition, _ isresponsiblefor _.Maybetherearesomeotherreasonstoshow _.Butitisgenerallybeliev

35、edthattheabovementionedreasonsarecommonly convincing.AsfarasIamconcerned,I hold the point of view that _. Iamsuremyopinionisbothsoundandwell-grounded.（6）實用性寫作（申請信 ) Your address Month, Date, yearReceivers addressDear .,I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the posit

36、ion in . And I would like to write a letter to tell you that./ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising. ./ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, . On the other hand, . I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideratio

37、n and reference. I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience. Best regards for your health and success. Sincerely you

38、rs, X X X寫好考博作文的幾點看法本人也曾是考研、考博大軍中的一員，深知作文的好壞直接影響總分，怎樣才能得到好的分數(shù)呢？主要有以下幾點體會：一是要背一些句型，各種長短句的搭配運用能有效提高作文的檔次，當然分值也就提高了；二是要記一些不同類型作文的框架，針對不同的題材，通過修飾、潤色，基本就差不多了；三是要學會舉例子，在寫到山窮水盡時，不妨來個例子，盡可在不偏離主題的情況下自由發(fā)揮，要求的字數(shù)也就上去了。這僅僅是我自己感覺寫作中較重要的三點，不能以偏概全，其他還有許多要注意的問題，由于本文篇幅所限，不再贅述，這也只是應(yīng)試的小體會，要真正提高寫作能力，諸君要多練、多體會才是。仿照下面幾篇文章

39、，大家改寫試試，說不定會有所幫助。 1.Directions: Women make a great contribution to the progress of modern society. But there are still some people who dont agree with it. There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper based on the following outline. 1. Role of wome

40、n in modern society 2. Prejudices and discrimination against women 3. My comment You should write about 200 words within 40 minutes. Women play an important part in modern society. Now many women are going into professions, such as medicine, law and engineering. They comprise a large part of the wor

41、kers in offices and factories. Many jobs they are engaged in are in line with their special capabilities of their sex. In addition, some of are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men. There are even some businesses which are run completely by women. It is obvious that

42、women are making an outstanding contribution to the progress of modern society. There are, however, still some people who assert that men are superior to women in many ways. In the first place, many jobs men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough. They believe that wome

43、n are the weaker sex both physically and emotionally. Thus, women are naturally suited, much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. According to them, a womans place is within the protective environment of the home. Secondly, most of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are fo

44、und to be males. Finally, the whole society seems to have always been dominated by men only. In their opinion, men should enjoy more rights than do women. Personally, Im firmly standing on the side of those women right defenders. Since both men and women are equally important in human activities, th

45、ey should be on an equal footing. (242 words) 2.Directions: In this part, you are to write an essay of about 200 words within 40 minutes. Study the following table care fully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. You should quote as few figures as possible. Outlin

46、e: 1. Changes in peoples daily expanses in the past five years 2. Possible reasons for the changes 3. My own conclusion Year Item 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Food 65% 60% 48% 42% 35% Clothing 5% 7% 10% 13% 15% Recreation 3% 5% 7% 8% 13% Others 24% 26% 33% 36% 38% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% In the p

47、ast five years, there have been great changes in peoples daily expenses in XX city. According to the figures given in the table, the amount of money spent on food decreased gradually, accounting for 35 per cent in 2001. However, there was a rapid increase in clothing expenses, which made up 15% in 2

48、001. In addition, the table shows an upward tendency in recreation expenses. The same was the case with other expenses. What caused these remarkable changes? In my opinion, there are at least three good reasons. To begin with, with the rapid development of agriculture in China, the output of grain,

49、fruit, vegetables and milk has sharply increased, which contributes to the decline in their prices. Secondly, the family incomes of people both in the city and in the country have greatly risen so that people now can afford expensive clothing and some of them even want to dress in the latest fashion

50、. Finally, as the living conditions improve, the demand for a variety of recreations is growing steadily, too. In short, with the incomes continuing to rise, people will no longer resign themselves to living a dull, monotonous life. They are eager to make their life interesting and exciting. Therefore, I am sure that people will spend more money on clothing and recreations. (219 words) 3Directions: Migrant workers (外地民工) have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities. In this