南京新譯林版七上單元語法整理及練習(xí)同步課本

1、7AU1動詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時我們常用動詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時談?wù)撌聦嵑蜖顟B(tài)。例如：I am from China.He is 12 years old.We are very happy.注意：主語可以是人稱代詞,也可以是名詞，動詞be要與主語保持一致。例如：The little dog is very cute.These apples are big and red.1. 如果主語是代詞，在非正式行文中，動詞be與前面主語可以縮寫。如：I am=Im You are=Youre She is= Shes He is=HesIt is=Its We are=were They are=theyr

2、e2. 動詞be一般現(xiàn)在時的否定句式是在be后面加not.例如：She is not tall. They are not in the classroom.在非正式行文中，動詞is/are與not可以縮寫。如：is not=isnt 、are not=arent。3. 動詞be一般現(xiàn)在時的一般疑問句式是將be提前至句首。例如：Are you still in Grade 7?Yes, I am.Is Tom your classmate?No, he isnt.注意：am與not不能縮寫。在肯定答語中，主語和動詞be不能縮寫。如“Yes, he is.” 不能縮寫成 “Yes, hes.”練

3、習(xí)1、 填be 的正確形式。1. My name is Millie. I _12 years old.2. Hello, _you Simon?3. They _my classmates. We _in Grade 7.4. Look! Sandy_over there.5. Mr Wu_our English teacher.6. _our school nice, boys and girls?2、 填be的正確形式。Millie: Hi, Sandy. Our school_big.Sandy: Yes, it_. The classroom_big too.Simon: Our t

4、eachers_nice. Mr Wu_a good teacher.Sandy: _he our Chinese teacher?Millie: No, he _. He_our English teacher.Simon: _you good at English, Sandy?Sandy: No, I_.7AU2行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時用一般現(xiàn)在時談?wù)撐覀兘?jīng)常做的事，目前的愛好、能力等以及不受時限的客觀事實。這時我們常使用行為動詞，這種動詞有具體、實際的含義。試比較：They are hard-working students.They work hard. 注意：當(dāng)我們用一般現(xiàn)在時進(jìn)行表達(dá)

5、的時候，不能同時使用動詞be和行為動詞。例如：I am from China. I come from China. I am come from China. ×1. 行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時可用于以下情況：1） 經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作例如：I go to school at 7 oclock every morning.2） 目前的愛好、能力等例如：She sings very well.3） 不受時限的客觀事實。例如: Fish live in water.根據(jù)主語的人稱和數(shù)的不同，行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時有兩種形式。主語為第一、二和三人稱復(fù)數(shù)時，行為動詞使用其原形。例如：We have

6、 lunch at school.My parents watch films at weekends.主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時行為動詞使用其第三人稱單數(shù)形式。例如：She does her homework in the evening.He plays football every day.規(guī)則舉例讀音變化大多數(shù)+smake-makes,live- lives清輔音后的s讀s;濁輔音或元音后的s讀z以ch, sh, ss或x結(jié)尾的動詞后+esteach-teachesfinish-finishesguess-guessesfix-fixeses讀Iz以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，去y, +iesc

7、arry-carriescry-crieses讀z注：若是元音字母+y結(jié)尾，不用此規(guī)則。如：play-plays以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾的動詞+esgo-goeses讀z特殊變化have-has2. 行為動詞一般現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)形式構(gòu)成方法如下：2. 行為動詞一般現(xiàn)在時的否定式：do not/does not + 行為動詞非正式行文中：do not=dontdoes not= doesnt例句：Students do not go to school on Sunday.He does not work in this shop.3. 行為動詞一般現(xiàn)在時的疑問句式：do/does +主語+其他例

8、如：Do you play basketball after school? Does John speak Chinese?注意：在疑問句和否定句中，助動詞之后的行為動詞均用原形。4. 區(qū)分行為動詞do和助動詞do的用法例如：I do not do housework on Saturday.Do you do housework on Saturday?第一個do是助動詞，第二個do是行為動詞。練習(xí)A. 選詞填空。dance go like play watch1. I _playing volleyball.2. Kitty_very well.3. Amy _swimming ever

9、y week.4. Simon often_football with his friends.5. Daniel sometimes_ball games on TV.B. 根據(jù)表格和例子填空。listening to musicSimon Kitty SandyswimmingAmy DanielreadingAmy Daniel Millie Sandy SimonwalkingAmy Daniel Millie KittydrawingAmy Millie Sandy例：_Do_ Sandy ad Kitty enjoy listening to music? _Yes, they d

10、o._1. _Millie like swimming? _2. _Amy enjoy reading? _3. _Simon like walking? _4. _Simon and Daniel love drawing? _C. 用所給詞的正確形式填空。Daniel: Hi, Simon._you_(play) football at weekends?Simon: Of course. I often_(play) football with my cousins.Daniel: _your parents_(go) with you?Simon: No, they dont. But

11、 my dad sometimes_(watch) our games. Sometimes he_(read) at home. My mum often_(shop) at weekends. What about you, Daniel?Daniel: I often_(stay) at home. Sometimes I _(go) swimming with my dad.7AU3人稱代詞用人稱代詞來代替表示人或物的名詞。例如：Lucy and I are twins. We are from the USA.Look at these flowers. They are beaut

12、iful.The panda is cute. Everyone likes it.Helen is my cousin. I often play with her.注意：人稱代詞還可以代指動植物及無生命的物體。人稱代詞在句子中作主語用主格，作賓語用賓格。主格常位于句首，賓格一般在動詞或介詞后。人稱代詞主賓格歸納如下：人稱代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem練習(xí)1、 用主格形式填空。Millie：Mum, look at the pictures of my friends o

13、n the wall.Mum: OK. Let me see. Is this Daniel?Millie: Yes, it is. Daniel is clever._is good at Maths.Mum: Is that Simon. Millie?Millie: Yes, Mum. Simon is tall. _is in our school football team.Mum: This is Kitty, I think.Millie: No. This is Amy. _has short hair. Thats Kitty. _has long hair.Mum: Oh

14、yes. _are good friends, right?Millie: Yes, Mum. _are all very nice. _love them.2、 用賓格形式填空。(on the phone: Daniel his grandpa)Daniel: Im at a new school, Grandpa. Let me tell you about_. Mr Wu is our English teacher. We all like_. I have some new friends. I like to play with _after class. Im not good

15、at English. Sometimes Millie helps _. Is Grandma at home now? I want to say hello to _.Grandpa: Pardon? Daniel, I cant hear_well on the phone.7AU4表示時間的介詞（in/on/at）在不同的時間前加in, on, at 來表示做某事的時間介詞用于舉例in一天中的早中晚月份季節(jié)年In the morning/ afternoon/ eveningIn January / February/ March/ April/ May/ June/ July/ A

16、ugust/ September/ October/ November/ DecemberIn spring/ summer/ autumn/ winterIn 2008/ 2012/ 2100on星期某一天某一天的早中晚特定的節(jié)日（一天）On Sunday/ Monday/ Tuesday/ Wednesday/ Thursday/ Friday/ SaturdayOn 1 SeptemberOn a cold morning/ Sunday afternoonOn Childrens Dayat某一時刻年齡At 4:15At 12 ( years old )注意：如果節(jié)日不止一天，而是持續(xù)

17、一段時間，我們用at。 如： at Christmas、at the Spring Festival.頻度副詞表示做某件事的頻率。例如：He always gets up at six in the morning.We do not often go to the cinema.I am never late for school.注意：頻度副詞一般放在行為動詞的前面、助動詞do/does和動詞be的后面。頻度副詞表示的頻率由低到高為：Never seldom sometimes often usually always0% 100%練習(xí)1、 介詞填空。Dear Millie,Thanks

18、for your email. I would like to tell you about my life here.Our lessons begin_nine oclock. Usually we have three lessons_the morning and two_the afternoon. We do not have lessons_ Saturday or Sunday. I love sports. I am good at playing football. I often play it with my friends_Saturday afternoon. We

19、 have a school football match_autumn every year. This year, it is_15 November. My friends and I always have great fun then.All the best,Tommy 2、 頻率副詞填空。1. Simon loves playing football. He _plays football in the playground.2. Sandy does not have much time to play tennis. She _plays tennis.3. Amy is a

20、 member of the swimming team. She _swims after school.4. Kitty goes to her dancing lessons every day. She _dances for half an hour.5. Millie _goes roller skating, but she is not good at it.7AU5特殊疑問詞詢問一些信息例如：who plays basketball well in your class?Whose pencil is this?特殊疑問句多以疑問詞開頭，常用疑問詞有：what, who, w

21、hose, when, how等。因大多數(shù)疑問句以wh-開頭，所以特殊疑問句又被稱為 “wh-問句”。特殊疑問句含義例句whatclass/ grade什么What is your name/job?colour那個班級/年級What class are you in?time什么顏色What colour do you like?when幾點What time is it?where哪里When do you usually get up?who誰Where do you live?why為什么Who is the man in a blue sweater?whose誰的Whose pen

22、 is this?which哪一個Which is better, the red one or the blue one?how怎么樣How do you go to school?howmanymuch多少（可數(shù)）多少（不可數(shù)）How many students are there in your class?How much milk do you drink every day?old幾歲How old is your cousin?often多長時間一次How often do you go to the library?long多長多久How long is the Yangtze

23、 River?How long do you watch TV every day?far多遠(yuǎn)How far is your home from school?tall多高How tall is the building?注意：1. 針對疑問詞what time的回答多為具體時間，而針對when 的回答既可以是大體時間也可以是具體時間。例如：What time do you get up? At seven oclock.When do you play volleyball?On Wednesday afternoon.2. 疑問詞whose, which后可以跟名詞。例如：Whose ca

24、r is this? Which book do you like?3. 當(dāng)對價格或金額提問時，直接用how much。例如：How much is your computer?4. 回答特殊疑問句時，不能用Yes或no,而要針對問題回答，即問什么答什么。例如：How old are you? Im thirteen.練習(xí)1、 用疑問詞填空。1. _glasses are these?2. _is that man?3. _do we have for lunch?4. _is my schoolbag?2、 根據(jù)回答填詞。1. _is your classroom? Its on the g

25、round floor.2. _mask is this? Its Amys.3. _is that girl in a red coat? Thats Kitty!4. _does he want for Christmas? He wants a toy train.5. _present is for Daniel? The blue one.6. _do you celebrate Christmas? Family members get together and give each other presents.7. _is your birthday? Its on 1 Augu

26、st.8. _do you want rice dumplings? Because the Dragon Boat Festival is coming.3、 根據(jù)語意填空。Millie：What a nice cake! _birthday is it today? Amy: Its my birthday, Millie.Millie: Happy birthday, Amy! _do you usually celebrate your birthday?Amy: We go out for a birthday dinner.Millie: _goes to your birthda

27、y dinner?Amy: My grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins.Millie: I see. _do you have the dinner?Amy: At a restaurant near my home.Millie: _do you get as birthday presents?Amy: Books, clothes, shoes, toys and some other nice things.7AU6可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞名詞分為兩種：可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞1. 不可數(shù)名詞通常指以量計算或作為整體的事物。如water或time。不可

28、數(shù)名詞無單、復(fù)數(shù)之分。前面無限定詞均可。例如：Her hair is very long.Do you have paper?2. 可數(shù)名詞，顧名思義，即可以用數(shù)目計算的人或事物，指一個人或一件事物時，用單數(shù)形式；指兩個或多個人或事物時用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：I am a student.They love these children very much.3. 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)表格規(guī)則舉例讀音變化大多數(shù)+sbook-bookschair- chairs清輔音后的s讀s;濁輔音或元音后的s讀z以ch, sh, ss或x結(jié)尾的詞后+esbus-busesbox-boxeswatch-watchesb

29、rush-brusheses讀Iz注：以th結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞不適用此規(guī)則，如：month-months以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，去y, +iesfamily-familiesies讀Iz注：若是元音字母+y結(jié)尾，不用此規(guī)則。如：boy-boys以o結(jié)尾且表示人或農(nóng)作物等有生命的事物的詞+esgo-goeses讀z注：以O(shè)結(jié)尾但表示無生命的事物的單詞不適用此規(guī)則。如：radio-radios以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，去點f或fe，+vesknife-knivesshelf-shelvesves讀z特殊變化man-menfoot-feetchild-childrenfish-fish由man或與另一個單詞

30、組成的復(fù)數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時，兩部分都發(fā)生變化。如： women driversmen doctors4. 易誤用的不可數(shù)名詞：time, money, work, homework, news, luck等。5. 如果主語是不可數(shù)名詞，動詞常用單數(shù)。例如：Coffee is a kind of drink.6. 作單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞或名詞短語前一般有限定詞，如：冠詞a/an，the；指示代詞this， that;形容詞性物主代詞my, your, his, her, their 等；名詞所有格Johns等。注意：冠詞a用于輔音音素開頭的可數(shù)名詞前；an 用于元音音素開頭的可數(shù)名詞前，而不是元音字母開

31、頭的名詞前。例如： Mary is an American. She is an honest girl. She has an umbrella and a useful book.7. 不可數(shù)名詞前不能用a/an或表示具體數(shù)量的數(shù)詞。但可以用the, some,much, a little, little, a lot of 等詞或詞組修飾，表示數(shù)量的多少。例如：a lot of water8. 不可數(shù)名詞前還可以用表示量的可數(shù)名詞+of短語來表示數(shù)量。例如：a piece of paper three cups of coffee five kilos of meat練習(xí)根據(jù)提示填空,并

32、將所填的詞填入下列的表格中：Millie：Mum, what do we need to buy?Mum: We need some_(雞肉）, a_ of_(一袋米） and a_of_(一袋鹽）Millie：Do we need to buy_(蔬菜）？Mum: Yes. Lets buy some_(胡蘿卜） and_（土豆）.Millie: I want to buy some_(西紅柿）. Theyre Grandpas favourite. And we have only an_(蘋果) at home. We need to buy some too.Mum: OK. We c

33、an also buy a few_of_(幾瓶果汁）. 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞7AU7用some和any表示數(shù)量用some和any這樣的不定數(shù)或不定量的詞來修飾名詞。1. Some和any表示“一些”，既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如：There are some books on the desk. I want some juice. There are not any oranges in the shop.Do you have any good news? 2. Some長用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句或疑問句中。例如：He has some interes

34、ting computer games. He does not have any interesting computer games. Does he have any interesting computer games?注意：在疑問句中，我們在提出建議或請求時常用some，表示希望得到對方的肯定答復(fù)。例如：Can you pass some sugar to me? Would you like some drink?There be結(jié)構(gòu)我們常用“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)來表示“某地有某物或某人”。例如: There is a computer in the reading room.

35、There are a lot of people in the park at weekend. There is not any meat in the fridge. Are there any girl students in the classroom?1. There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞be的形式與后面名詞一致。后面的名詞如果是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，動詞be用is；后面的名詞如果是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動詞be用are.注意：當(dāng)there be后面有兩個或兩個以上名詞時，動詞be要與離它最近的名詞一致。例如：There is a girl and two boys under the

36、tree. There are two boys and a girl under the tree.2. There be結(jié)構(gòu)的否定句式是在動詞be后加not；一般疑問句式是把動詞be調(diào)到句首，應(yīng)答時可以說：Yes, there is/are 或 No, there is/are not.3. 注意區(qū)分there be和have的用法。There be結(jié)構(gòu)表示“存在”，而have表示“擁有”。例如：There is a picture on the wall. I have some pictures.練習(xí)用there be的正確形式填空。My school is very beautifu

37、l, and_some shops around it. _a bookshop near my school. _a lot of good books in it. _also some pens, rubbers and exercise books. Sometimes we go there after school._hair clips, music boxes and some other nice things too. We can buy presents for our friends in the shop. Not far away from my school,_

38、also a supermarket. It is not very big, but_enough snacks in it.7AU8現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示“某人正在做某事”例如：I am watching TV in my bedroom. My grandfather is reading newspaper. Boys are not playing in the playground now.Are you doing your homework?Yes, I am.1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示說話時正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。例如：We

39、 are waiting for you here. Tom is making a model plane all the afternoon. We are working hard this term.2. 如果句子帶有鮮明的時間狀語，如Now（現(xiàn)在），或帶有Look和listen等暗示詞或有表示現(xiàn)在的上下文語境，我們常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。例如：My mum is cooking dinner now. Listen! Our teacher is singing an English song.Where is your father?Oh, he is cleaning his car.注意：有些名詞一般不用于進(jìn)行時，如