101篇解析版部分

1、GRE 閱讀題庫機(jī)經(jīng) 101 篇該題需要理解選項(xiàng)與文章結(jié)構(gòu)的匹配程度。A 選項(xiàng)，a widely dcatered population 文章沒有。B 選項(xiàng)，原文沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)前提必要性：pretext. C 選項(xiàng)，原文沒有提到 challengesE 選項(xiàng), 原文沒有提到 continued maintenance D 選項(xiàng)最合適地概括了文章結(jié)構(gòu)。Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.2. According to the passage, which of the following is true o

2、f the water management systems in the central and southern Maya Lowlands?A. They were implemented in part because of the prevailing pattern of rainfall.B. They were an integral part of lowland cities architecture.C. They were needed because of insufficient resources such as ponds, rivers and lakes i

3、n the lowlands.：ABC：定位到原文 In the central and southern Maya Lowlands, this kind of water control was necessary to support large populations throughout the year due to the scarcity of perennial surface water and the seasonal availability of rainfall 可知 AC 正確。pattern of rainfall 對(duì)應(yīng)于 seasonal availabili

4、ty of rainfall，insufficient resources such as ponds, rivers and lakes 對(duì)應(yīng)于 scarcity of perennial surface water。B 選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)首句：Recent studies ofent Maya water management have found that the urbanarchitecture of some cities was used to divert rainfall runoff into gravity-fed systems of interconnected reservo

5、irs.Passage 60（短文章藝術(shù)現(xiàn)象描述對(duì)比中等）Ralph Ellison was passionately interested in visual arts. He immersed himself in Harlems art .1. It can be inferred that the author mentions Ellisons apprenticeship with Richmond Barthe primarily in order toA. show that Ellison drew upon some aspects of the visual arts i

6、n develo Manhis ideas for InvisibleB. show that Ellisons claim for the superiority of the language drive from his experience with other art formsC. establish that Ellison had experience with an art form that interested many leading figures of the 1930s Harlem art sceneD. suggest that in the 1930s th

7、e Harlem art scene provided an environment in which artists were likely to work in several mediaE. qualify Ellisons reservations about visual renderings of his work by showing that he was not indifferent to visual art：E： 文章Ralph Ellison 對(duì)于視覺藝術(shù)的態(tài)度。Yet 轉(zhuǎn)折前他的認(rèn)可態(tài)度，轉(zhuǎn)折后重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)他的態(tài)度：勉強(qiáng)接受兩個(gè)對(duì)于 Invisible Man 插圖版的

8、，持續(xù)拒絕版的改編，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為只有語言才能表達(dá)的復(fù)雜性，認(rèn)為該復(fù)雜性來自建國(guó)文件和當(dāng)代經(jīng)驗(yàn)的。該題文章細(xì)節(jié)，根據(jù)Ellisions apprenticeship 定位到原文 Ralph Ellison waspassionately interested in visual artseven apprenticing with sculptor Richmond Barthe for ato provide a visual rendering of his novel Invisible Man。time. Yet he was wary of projects ai第 54 頁GRE 閱讀題

9、庫機(jī)經(jīng) 101 篇結(jié)合文章結(jié)構(gòu)，可知舉這個(gè)例子是為后文他拒絕視覺藝術(shù)作出讓步，他對(duì)視覺藝術(shù)不是完全 度。態(tài)2. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the “tension”?A. It partly resulted from social injustices that Ellison worked to alleviate.B. It came to Ellisons attention partly a a result of his experience with proposed film ve

10、rsions of Invisible Man.C. Ellison thought that it could not be adequately represented by sculpture.D. Ellison believed that it arose from contradictions within the United States founding ideals.E. Ellison felt that it was an issue that could not adequately be addressed through the depiction of fict

11、ional characters.：C：根據(jù)tension 定位到原文 This complexity consisted of the tension arising from thecollision of the United States written ideals, as outlined in the founding documents, and the historical and contemporary experience molding the national consciousness，結(jié)合前句：Ellison insisted that only languag

12、e could capture the complexity of American identity，可知 Ellison 相信文字能比 visual art 更描述該，所以選 C。Passage 61（短文章問題描述對(duì)比中等）Our terrestrial food supply comes from ecosystems transformed to produce a few comestible .1. The primary purpose of the passage is toA. examine the impact of certain research findings

13、regarding changes to ecosystem biodiversity.B. discuss a possible implication of a difference between terrestrial and marine food supply sources.C. describe the consequences of a certain kind of interaction between terrestrial and marine ecosystems.D. identify an area of ecosystem research in which

14、here are significant uncertaintiesE. present evidence that undermines one side of a debate about biodiversity and supports the other.：B：文章對(duì)比了陸地農(nóng)業(yè)和海洋漁業(yè)兩種獲得方式，并重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了海洋漁業(yè)的問題：與陸地農(nóng)業(yè)不同，海洋漁業(yè)難于同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)目的：增加產(chǎn)量和保護(hù)系統(tǒng)豐富性。該題文章主旨，通過結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知 B 選項(xiàng)最合適。2. According to the passage, increasing the food yield per unit of la

15、nd can have which of the following effects?A. enabling more land to be used for development purposesB. compromising progress toward conservation goalsC. helD. helE. helprotect comestible species from competition and predation reduce pressure on marine ecosystemsrestore the biodiversity of terrestria

16、l ecosystems：E：定位到原文 produce greater yields from less land, thereby purposes，結(jié)合和海洋漁業(yè)的對(duì)比，可知 E 選項(xiàng)。ing land for conservation第 55 頁GRE 閱讀題庫機(jī)經(jīng) 101 篇Passage 62（短文章觀點(diǎn)論證中等）Much recent work has examined the claim that women encounter increasing obstacles relative.1. The primary purpose of the passage is toA.

17、 compare two explanations for a recurring problemB. summarize evidence relevant to a hypothesisC. point out inconsistencies in a set of findingsD.for the persistence of a point of viewE. reconsider the origins an ongoing issue：B：通讀全文可知文章新發(fā)現(xiàn)老觀點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)。老觀點(diǎn)：increasing-disadvantage m/ceilingmetaphor for wome

18、n. 相關(guān)新證據(jù)：1 私人領(lǐng)域,機(jī)會(huì)隨職位升高而增加, 2 公共領(lǐng)域，無差異或低級(jí)別不利, 3 國(guó)際研究中，多數(shù)相反證據(jù)。該題文章主旨，可知 B 最合適。2. Based on the passage, which of the following is true of the “l(fā)imited evidence” from Sweden and Australia?A. It lends supports to the increasing-disadvantage m.B. It correlates with findings on women s mobility from most

19、other counties.C. It suggests important cultural similarities between these countries.D. It points to a phenomenon not widely recognized in these countries.E. It helps explain the persistence of the glass ceiling.：A：定位到原文 only limited evidence in Sweden and Australia, that womens probability of bein

20、g located in a higher versus a lower hierarchical level declined relative to mens at higher levels，結(jié)合文章結(jié)構(gòu)，可知在 Sweden and Australia 有證據(jù)支持老觀點(diǎn)，所以選 A。3. The author of the passage and those accepting the “proposition” would most likely agree with which of the following?A. Lower down on the organizational

21、 ladder, women tend to experience fewer disadvantages than they do at higher levels.B. Women experience no more disadvantages in moving up the organizational ladder than do men.C. The degree of disadvantage experiences by women remains constant as women move up the organizational ladder.D. The obsta

22、cles to women s advancement vary significantly from country to country.E. Women face some disadvantage at each stage of the organizational ladder.：E：題目問文章作者與老觀點(diǎn)的共同之處。老觀點(diǎn)（increasing-disadvantage m）認(rèn)為女性隨職位升高面對(duì)因素。作者新研究老觀點(diǎn)，在文章最后又清楚表明立場(chǎng)：Womens scarcity in top organizational ranks may simply represent the

23、 cumulative effect of a constant-or even decreasing-disadvantage at successive hierarchical levels?？梢?，雖然作者和老觀點(diǎn)就不利因素是否隨職位提高而增加有 因素。所以選 E。，但都同意：婦女面對(duì)不利第 56 頁GRE 閱讀題庫機(jī)經(jīng) 101 篇Passage 63（短文章研究評(píng)論中等）In various writings from the 1940s on popular culture, George Orwell examined commercial texts .1. The passag

24、e suggests which of the following about George Orwell?A. He regarded commercial texts a vehicles for the views of ordinary people.B. He regarded many commercial texts as having an insidious effect oners.C. He considered commercial text such as comics to be unworthy of serious analysis.D. He initiate

25、d a new direction in scholarship by taking popular culture seriously.E. He regarded commercial texts as inappropriate vehicles for political ideas.：B：文章是研究加評(píng)論結(jié)構(gòu)。George Orwell 研究商業(yè)文本，認(rèn)為其抑制普通民眾的本能傾向，公眾的激進(jìn)本能（傾向）會(huì)被商業(yè)文本中 convert patrician conservatism 所蒙蔽。作者 George Orwell 的這些研究高評(píng)價(jià)，但認(rèn)為有早于 George Orwell 的對(duì)

26、流行商業(yè)究。的嚴(yán)肅研該題需要選項(xiàng)定位。B 選項(xiàng)可以定位到原文 George Orwell examined commercial texts The public, he concluded, was often being duped by a convert patrician conservatism, conveyed through commercial culture。A 選項(xiàng)無依據(jù)。在文章中， ordinary people 是商業(yè)文本的作用對(duì)象。C 選項(xiàng)與原文相反。D 選項(xiàng)與作者評(píng)論相反E 選項(xiàng)原文無依據(jù)。Passage 64（短文章研究評(píng)論對(duì)比中等）In the life o

27、f Charlotte Bronte(1857), the first and the most celebrated biography of novelist Charlotte Bronte1. The primary purpose of the passage is toA. consider similarities in several studies of Charlotte Bronte s lifeB. defend a particular view of Charlotte Bronte lifeC. discuss a change in perspective on

28、 Charlotte Bronte s lifeD. depict the social environment in which Charlotte Bronte livedE. portray Charlotte Bronte as an early feminist writer：C：文章是關(guān)于 Charlotte Bronte 的幾個(gè)傳記評(píng)論的認(rèn)為：及評(píng)論，主要按照時(shí)間順序評(píng)章作者Elizabeth Gaskell 的評(píng)論強(qiáng)調(diào) CB的正確性。受工業(yè)化小，體現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村，強(qiáng)調(diào) CB 思想觀點(diǎn)Matthew Arnold 關(guān)注 CB中隱藏的性、破壞性思想。Winifred Gerin 還是受到

29、Elizabeth Gaskell 的影響。女權(quán)主義者引入對(duì) CB 的新解釋，但只有 Juliet Barker 考慮到周圍變化的世界對(duì) CB 的影響。該題考察文章主旨，根據(jù)文章時(shí)間線索結(jié)構(gòu)可知選 C。第 57 頁GRE 閱讀題庫機(jī)經(jīng) 101 篇2. The passage suggest that Matthew Arnold disapproved of Charlotte Bronte s fiction insofar as he believed that itA. overly romized the English countrysideB. contained dangerou

30、s ideas buried within itC. perpetuated outmoded social distinctionsD. failed to represent industrialized society realisticallyE. reflected an excessive concern with propriety：B：根據(jù)人名定位到原文：this was at variance with the subversive spirit Matthew Arnold accurately discerned, albeit with distance, deep w

31、ithin Brontes fiction 可知 Matthew Arnold 認(rèn)為Bronte 的小說包含性的精神，是的，所以選 B3. The passage suggest that Gaskell s biography of Charlotte Bronte advanced the idea that Bronte wasA. one of the most celebrated of the romnovelistB. an outspoken advocate of the social changeC. opposed to the industrialization of

32、EnglandD. strongly influenced by the social upheaval of the timesE. chiefly the product of a rustic environment：E：根據(jù)人名定位原文：Elizabeth Gaskell promoted the long-persisting romview of Bronteas having no connection with the rest of English society at a time when industrialization was causing much turbul

33、ence, but as having sprung naturallyout of the English countryside表明 Gaskell 認(rèn)為 Charlotte Bronte 深受鄉(xiāng)村自然，所以選 EPassage 65（邏輯單題句作用易）In the country of Seligia where asbestos has been used extensively in construction, that use is about to be banned.1. In the argument given, the two highlighted portions p

34、lay which of the following roles?A. The first is a prediction that argument seeks to defend, the second presents evidence that if not supplemented would cast doubt on that judgment.B. The first is a prediction that the argument seeks to defend, the second is a finding, the accuracy of which is dispu

35、ted by the argument as a whole.C. The first is a prediction that the argument as a whole rejects the second presents evidence on which that rejection is basedD. The first is a prediction that the argument as a whole seeks to defend, the second is evidence that the defense can be at best partially su

36、ccessful.E. The first is a prediction that is cited in order to justify a stated, the second is aconsideration that has been raisedthat.：A：文章第一段說 Seligia 石棉在業(yè)有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。但由于這種材料會(huì)導(dǎo)致某種，石棉將會(huì)被。第一個(gè)句是作者，也是作者結(jié)論：the ban will result in reducing theincidence of that type of cancer in Seligia by as much as 50 perc

37、ent。第二個(gè)黑體句（第二段開頭）是作者讓步承認(rèn)的與結(jié)論的：less than 30 percent of thes of Seligians who have died of that cancer have “construction” listed as thedeath deceaseds。作者之后補(bǔ)充辯論說，因?yàn)閺氖聵I(yè)的人老了后會(huì)改行，而通常第 58 頁GRE 閱讀題庫機(jī)經(jīng) 101 篇證明上又只會(huì)最后的一個(gè)職業(yè)。所以第二個(gè)句需要后文補(bǔ)充，如果沒有補(bǔ)充，就會(huì)質(zhì)疑結(jié)論。A 選項(xiàng)是對(duì)兩句黑體句在功能的最準(zhǔn)確概括。Passage 66（短文章文學(xué)研究評(píng)論現(xiàn)象解釋中等）In recent de

38、cades, scholars of American literatu accommodationave skillfully revealed authors simultaneous1. As discussed in the passage, the literary scholars and the historians differ in which of the following ways?A. the amount of scholarship that they produceB. the nature of their geographic focusC. the ext

39、ent to which they are critical of early capitalismD. the extent to which they are interested in interdisciplinary studyE. The extent to which they restrict their focus to a particular time period：B：文章首先指出現(xiàn)象：學(xué)者關(guān)注到 19 世紀(jì)早期的作家群體，但對(duì)該時(shí)期的文學(xué)評(píng)論研究很不充分。之后是作者對(duì)該（文學(xué)評(píng)論研究不充分）的解釋：行業(yè)壁壘，缺乏批論訓(xùn)練，研究既不夠集中，又不夠具有大局觀。該題根據(jù)li

40、terary scholars, historians 定位到原文 historians study people across the nation,but much literary scholarship called “American” actually examines works produced in northeastern states，可知 B 選項(xiàng)正確。2. The passage cites which of the following as a reason for historians failure to fully exploit literary criti

41、cism?A. historians overly thematic approach to literatureB. historians conservative notion of what constitutes literatureC. historians lack of interest in critical theoryD. the distinctive nature of much literary criticismE. the ahistorical quality of much literary criticism：D：定位到原文對(duì)的解釋：Few historia

42、ns have extensive training in critical theory and itsspecialized languages, . And historians usually study the operations of capitalism in itss, while literary critics produce a generalized picture of literary commodification. 可知文學(xué)批評(píng)的獨(dú)特的性質(zhì)是阻礙歷史學(xué)家的研究的，所以選 D 選項(xiàng)。Passage 67（短文章文學(xué)評(píng)論易）In 1755 British writ

43、er Samuel Johnson published an acerbic letter to Lord Chesterfield .1. The author of the passage mentions Johnsons 1762 pension award in order toA. reveal that Johnson remained consistent in his rebuke of Lord Chesterfield well after 1755B. provide evidence for a general trend in the latter half of

44、the eighteenth century of private patronages being replaced by state sponsorshipC. situate the debate over the end of patronage within the wider realm of eighteenth-century economic historyD. suggest that Johnsons letter to Chesterfield was noticed by the Crown only years after it was published第 59

45、頁GRE 閱讀題庫機(jī)經(jīng) 101 篇E. emphasize that patronage still helped support Johnsons writing after his letter to Chesterfield：E： 文章一個(gè)文學(xué)現(xiàn)象（Samuel Johnson 拒絕贊助）理解的評(píng)論。However 轉(zhuǎn)折后，作者反駁舊理解觀點(diǎn)（a key moment in the history of publishing）,認(rèn)為該不重要，僅僅是一個(gè)情感表達(dá)。該題要求根據(jù)文章上下文理解題干的作用。Johnsons 1762 pension award 其實(shí)支持了作者的觀點(diǎn)：該拒絕沒有那

46、么重要，他之后仍然接受了類似的贊助。E 選項(xiàng)最準(zhǔn)確。2. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted phrase in the context of the passage as a whole? (patronage had been in decline for 50 years, yet would survive, in attenuated form, for another 50)A. It points out the most obvious implications of Joh

47、nsons letter to his patron.B. It suggests a motivation for Johnsons rejection of Chesterfield s patronage.C. It provides information that qualifies the assertion that Johnsons letter sharply defined of the end of a publishing era.D. It provides a possible defense for Chesterfields alleged neglect of

48、 Johnson.E. It refutes the notion the patrons are found primarily among the nobility.：C：該題考察句作用。根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)，可知該句用來支持作者觀點(diǎn)，老觀點(diǎn)解釋。C選項(xiàng)最準(zhǔn)確表述了句和老觀點(diǎn)的。Passage 68（短文章現(xiàn)象解釋生物易）Historically, more cold-adapted antelope species originating in Eurasia.1. According to the passage, which of the following is true of an Eu

49、rasia-Africa land bridge during ice ages?A. It offers suitable habitats for cold-adapted species of antelope.B. It encourages migration from Africa to Eurasia of cold-adapted species of antelope.C. It allows the survival of warm-adapted species of antelope that might otherwise home extinct.D. It is

50、more likely to exist early in an ice age than later in an ice age.E. The habitats it offers change more quickly than do those offered by land bridges during other periods.：A：文章首先描述現(xiàn)象：來自歐亞大陸的適應(yīng)寒冷動(dòng)物遷徙到非洲，更少來自非洲的適應(yīng)炎熱氣候動(dòng)物遷徙到歐亞大陸。作者從大陸橋和大陸橋兩邊的適宜棲息地角度解釋。氣候寒冷期，大陸橋時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，適合適應(yīng)寒冷氣候動(dòng)物遷徙到非洲。相反，氣候溫暖期，只有短暫的海水上升滯后期大

51、陸橋才該題根據(jù)，適應(yīng)炎熱氣候動(dòng)物有更少機(jī)會(huì)遷徙到歐亞大陸。ice age 定位到原文 During periods of climatic cooling, such as the various iceages, the land bridge is open for a long time (because sea level remains low) and is usable by cold-adapt species because cool habitats then extend across it，結(jié)合前文可知選 A。2. The author of the passage i

52、mplies that during the “short lag”, a land bridge between Africa and Eurasia wouldA. be inhabited primarily by species of antelope originating in EurasiaB. be characterized by areas of widely varying elevation above sea levelC. be inhabited by a wide diversity of antelope species第 60 頁GRE 閱讀題庫機(jī)經(jīng) 101

53、 篇D. contain habitats that could sustain warm-adapt antelope speciesE. contain habitats similar to habitats at much higher latitudes in Eurasia：D：根據(jù)short lag 定位原文 intercontinental migrations require both a land bridgeconnecting the two continents and the suitable habitat both on and across that land

54、 bridge，可知選D。3. According to the passage, which of the following best antelope-migration direction?s for the apparent bias inA. Warm-adapted antelope species are rarely able to tolerate cool habitats, whereas cold-adapted antelope species usually can tolerate warm habitats.B. During global warperiod

55、s, land bridges, when present, lack habitats suitable for sustainingwarm-adapted antelope species.C. Under most climatic conditions, Africa offers a larger number of suitable antelope habitats than does Eurasia.D. Many more species of antelope have originated in Eurasia than have originated in Afric

56、a.E. Land bridges are more likely to exist when climate change favors migration to warmer climates than when climate changes favors migration to cooler climates.：E：題干所指 the apparent bias in antelope-migration direction 即指文章現(xiàn)象。綜合后文解釋中的比較，可知 E 選項(xiàng)：寒冷時(shí)期（適應(yīng)向熱帶遷徙）比溫暖時(shí)期（適應(yīng)向寒冷地區(qū)遷徙）路橋更容易。Passage 69（短文章現(xiàn)象解釋對(duì)比歷史中等）Historian Colin Calloway argues that in the late colonial period preceding the American Revolution (1775-1783).1. The primary purpose of the passage