中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧(精)

1、閱讀理解解題技巧閱讀理解解題技巧閱讀理解閱讀理解 是英語能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，是考試是英語能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，是考試的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)信息的理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)信息的加工能力。加工能力。 閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。和理解力的正確率。 因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時(shí)。因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時(shí)。多分析題型，多了解考點(diǎn)，真正做到有的多分析題型，多了解考點(diǎn)，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。放矢，提高命中率。 1 理解主旨和要義理解主旨和要義 2 理解文

2、中的具體位置理解文中的具體位置 3 根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義 4 作出判斷和推理作出判斷和推理 5 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 6 理解作者的意圖理解作者的意圖觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型 詞詞 義義 猜猜 測測 型型命命 題題 類類因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以下幾種有以下幾種: :推推 理理 判判 斷斷 型型 Step Two: How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension一、主旨大意題一、主旨大意題 （做題要領(lǐng)）1.

3、 干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)?？赡軐傥闹心硞€(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。2. 干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬從文中某些可能屬從文中某些 (不完全的不完全的) 事事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。3. 干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷?？赡軐俜俏恼率聦?shí)的主觀臆斷。(正確答案正確答案) 是根據(jù)文章意思全面是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can sum

4、mar-ize the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?6)Whats the best title for this passage?主旨大意題主旨大意題的常見的提問形式的常見的提問形式:閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-主旨大意題主旨大意題Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and

5、Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians

6、 biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能滿足的）不能滿足的）society.練習(xí)題練習(xí)題細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)題解釋Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the largest ca

7、r producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.文章文章解釋【解析】答案為C C。take take sthsth. away . away of sb.of sb.和和 cast sb. cast sb.

8、 sthsth. . 的意思相似。的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表達(dá)的主題，在主題句出現(xiàn)后，再舉例子陳述細(xì)節(jié)或繼續(xù)論證。 尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和歸納分析)一般都用來表示一個(gè)段落的主旨大意。文章 文章中心是文章中心是論點(diǎn)論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論論據(jù)據(jù)或或主要理由主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對(duì)；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語、某句子、某段落等細(xì)文中某個(gè)詞語、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可直接直接或或間接間接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。 提問的特殊疑問詞常有：提問的特殊疑問

9、詞常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。等。事事實(shí)實(shí)細(xì)細(xì)節(jié)節(jié)型型 解題原則解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文上下文及忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why,

10、how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：定細(xì)節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型 Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart

11、above?A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires near

12、ly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.解釋文章 Passage2 Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But

13、how with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount

14、of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart showsdifferent, as the chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office wor

15、ker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600練習(xí)題解釋第三節(jié)【解析】答案為 D D 。 根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，計(jì)算公式為： (90-35)51=275【解析】答案為 C C 。 根據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗(yàn)證A、B、C、D 四個(gè)答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很易找出 C C 符合圖表內(nèi)容。文章文章 同義法同義法 常在詞或短語之間有并列常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞連詞and或或or，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，

16、由此可以推測。義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測。 反義法反義法 如如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊~與詞間都起著互為線索的作用?？傊~與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。 釋義法釋義法 對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說明。等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說明。詞詞義義猜猜測測型型 情景推斷法、代詞替代法情景推斷法、代詞替代法等等1 1）文中找線索或信息詞）文中找線索或信息詞; ;2) 2) 根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義

17、根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；判斷新單詞之意； 3 3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。匯在特定句中確切意思。做題要領(lǐng)做題要領(lǐng)閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-詞義猜測型詞義猜測型Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and ill

18、iterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewi- ves and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(應(yīng)得的，值得的應(yīng)得的，值得的). 解 釋第四節(jié)解 釋 這段文字中講到加納這個(gè)國家這段文字中講到加納這個(gè)國家中中

19、的大多數(shù)婦女，受的大多數(shù)婦女，受過教育的過教育的 （educatededucated）和沒有受和沒有受過教育的過教育的 （illiterateilliterate）；）；住在城住在城市的市的 （urbanurban）和住在農(nóng)村的和住在農(nóng)村的（ruralrural），），年輕的（年輕的（youngyoung）和年和年長的（長的（oldold）正好是一對(duì)對(duì)反義詞。正好是一對(duì)對(duì)反義詞。因此選因此選 C C 項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。本題答案選本題答案選C C 推理判斷題推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個(gè)題中常有6-8個(gè)，著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。 以原文內(nèi)容以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)）

20、，客觀地對(duì)文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推推理理判判斷斷型型 透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。推理判斷題推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)） 既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。推理判斷型推理判斷型常見的命題方式有：常見的命題方式有：1. The passage implies (暗示暗示) that_.2. We can conclude (得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論) from the passage that_.3.

21、Which of the following can be inferred (推論推論)?4.What is the tone (語氣語氣) of the author ?5.What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage?6.The passage is intended to _.7.Where would this passage most probably appear? 閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-推理判斷型推理判斷型 Passage4 The concept (n. 觀念觀念 ) of personal ch

22、oice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 個(gè)人個(gè)人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it

23、 limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever fo

24、od we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，勞心的久坐的，勞心的 ) lifestyle without any exercise. 練習(xí)題解釋解釋P5Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge. C. it is basic

25、to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health.文章解析：解析：據(jù)前兩句可以得知，據(jù)前兩句可以得知，不良的選擇會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康狀不良的選擇會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康狀況變壞，因此答案選況變壞，因此答案選 D D 。選出的答案一定要在原文選出的答案一定要在原文中找到依據(jù)或理由，不能中找到依據(jù)或理由，不能只憑常識(shí)或自己主觀胡亂只憑常識(shí)或自己主觀胡亂推測。推測。文章文章 Passage5 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or

26、who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成績成績 ) ends up with uninspired students. Eisenberger holds (vi.認(rèn)為認(rèn)為). As an exa- mple of the latter (adj. 近來的近來的 ) point ( n.觀點(diǎn)觀點(diǎn) ), he notes ( vi.特別指出特別指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使變得更緊使變得更緊 ) grading standards (及格標(biāo)

27、準(zhǔn)及格標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ) and restore ( vt.恢復(fù)使用恢復(fù)使用 ) failing grades (不及格分?jǐn)?shù)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不及格分?jǐn)?shù)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ).練習(xí)題解釋總結(jié)總結(jié)Q: It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_.A.rewarding poor performance ( n.成績成績 ) may kill the creativity of students .B. punishmen

28、t is more effective than rewarding. C. failing (v. 給給不及格不及格 ) uninspired students helps improve their overall (adj.全面的全面的 ) academic (adj.學(xué)學(xué)校的校的 ) standards.D. Discouraging ( vt.使使失去信心失去信心 ) the students anticipation ( n.預(yù)期之事物預(yù)期之事物 ) for easy rewards is a matter of urgency ( n.緊急緊急 ).文章 解析解析: : 問題是文

29、中問題是文中 EisenbergerEisenberger 舉的一舉的一個(gè)例子個(gè)例子, ,通過例證題目的考點(diǎn)分析通過例證題目的考點(diǎn)分析, , 我們知我們知道一般例子前后總結(jié)性的話道一般例子前后總結(jié)性的話( (論點(diǎn)論點(diǎn)) )是解決是解決問題的關(guān)鍵問題的關(guān)鍵, ,這樣我們就可以判斷出該例要這樣我們就可以判斷出該例要說明的問題說明的問題( (答案答案: :A A) ) The topic sentence:The topic sentence: A teacher ends up with uninspired (without creativity) students. .譯譯: : 假設(shè)老師總讓學(xué)生關(guān)注獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)假設(shè)老師總讓學(xué)生關(guān)注獎(jiǎng)勵(lì), ,或?qū)Ρ憩F(xiàn)或?qū)Ρ憩F(xiàn)一般的學(xué)生也給高分一般的學(xué)生也給高分, ,那么學(xué)生們最終都會(huì)