英語語法分析-句子成分分析

1、I met my best friend Tom at the ststion yesterday.主語 謂語 定語 賓語 同位語 狀語1、主語：是一句的主體，是全句訴說的對象，常用名詞、數(shù)詞或代詞擔任（是全句談論的中心話題）。例：(1) Students syudy.（名詞） (2)We are friends.（代詞）(3)To go to good university is his first goal.（不定式）(4)Doing morning exercise is good for your health.（動名詞）(5)Jane is good at playing the p

2、iano.(6)She went out in a hurry.(7)Four plus four is eight.(8)To see is to believe.(9)Smoking is bad for health.(10)The young should respect the old.(11)What he has said is true.2、謂語：是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動詞或動詞詞組擔任，放在主語的后面（主語做什么了、怎么了）。例：(1)Students study.（實意動詞）(2)We are friends.（be動詞）(3)We love Chin

3、a.(4)We have finished reading this book.(5)He can speak English.（復合謂語）(6)She seems tired.(7)I saw the flag on the top of the hill.(8)He looked after two orphans.3、賓語：表示行為的對象，常由名詞或代詞擔任，放在及物動詞或代詞之后（動作的對象，目標；位于及物動詞之后）。賓語分為間接賓語和直接賓語。直接賓語指物，間接賓語指人。例：(a)He gave me some books.間接賓語 直接賓語(b)Please pass me the

4、 book.(c)He bought me some flowers.(1) They are teachers.(2) I play with him.(3) We love watching football games.(4) He is dong her homework now.(5) I like my job.(6) I love you.(7) He wanted to leave here.(8) They enjoyed playing football games.注：位于介詞之后的成分也稱之為賓語。4、賓語補足語：是對賓語進行補充說明，賓語和賓語補足語一起構成復合賓語。

5、例：(1)I found the book interesting.(2)Do you smell something burning?(3)He made himself known to them.(4)She asked me to lend her a hand.(5)Please make yourself at home.(6)Please keep the dog out.(7)We must keep it a secret. 主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)后，賓語補足語變成主補。例：(1)I last saw him playing near the river.He was last

6、 seen playing near the river.(2)The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam.The student was caught cheating in the exam.(3)We made him monitor.He was made monitor.(4)He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.5、定語：是用來說明或者限制名詞的成分，常用形容詞或者相當于形容詞的短語或從句擔任（是用來說明名詞或代詞性質(zhì)特點的詞）。形容詞放在名詞前，相當于形容詞的短

7、語或從句放在名詞之后。例：(1)This is a red sun.(2)The black bike is mine.(3)He is a tall boy.(4)She is a chemistry teacher.(5)The man in bllue is my brother.(6)The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.(7)The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.6、狀語：是用來說明動詞，形容詞，副詞、介詞短語或整個句子的成分，常由副詞擔任。修飾動詞的可以放在

8、動詞之前，也可以放在動詞之后；修飾形容詞或副詞的放在它們之前。例：(1)The students study hard.(2)I often write to him.(3)The bag is too heavy.(4)I will be back in a while.(5)They are playing on the playground.(6)He was late because he got up late.(7)He got up so late that he missed the train.(8)I waited to see you.(9)He often went t

9、o school by bus.(10)His parents died,leaving him an orphan.(11)Please call me if it is necessary.(12)This book is very interesting.(13)He went to school in spite of his illness.(14)He always comes late to school.7、表語：系動詞后的部分就是表語，表語是用來說明主語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。一般由名詞或者形容詞擔任。常見的系動詞有：be(am,is,are,were,was),aapear,look

10、,seemfeel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,go etc.系動詞不用于被動語態(tài)。例：(1) This table is long.(2) The apple tastes sweet.(3) The war was over.(4) They seem to know the truth.(5) Time is precious.(6) Im not quite myself today.(7) Who was the first?(8) He is out of condition.(9) The book is wh

11、at I need.通常情況下，主語和賓語前的成分是定語，謂語前的成分是狀語，時間作狀語放在句子的后面。（定語）主語（狀語）謂語（定語）賓語（狀語）。(1)(The tall)boy(often)go(to the big)zoo.(2)(The happy)child-went(his)home yesterday.英語句子成分歌： 英語句子八呀八大塊， 主謂賓表真呀真實在； 補語跟著賓語標語跑， 定語同位（語）專把名詞踹。 狀語的位置它自由自在，忽右忽左隨心所欲擺。 渾身的毛病真呀真不少，前后亂竄它還會加塞。英語五種基本句型： 基本句型一：S+V （主+謂） 基本句型二：S+V+P (主+

12、系+表) 基本句型三：S+V+O (主+謂+賓) 基本句型四：S+V+o+O (主+謂+間賓+直賓) 基本句型五：S+V+O+P (主+謂+賓+賓補)SVPoOC句型一ShecooksHeis workingWhat he saiddoes not matterThe penwrite smoothly句型二HeishappyEverythinglooksniceHis faceturnedred句型三WestudyEnglish everdayTheyare playingfootballHeenjoysreadingShesaid“Good morning”.句型四Igivehima bo

13、okMy motherbroughtmea pen yesterdayIshowedhimmy pictureWemust keepthe dooropenThe newsmakesmehappyWe callhimJim He toldmeto wash the platesI sawa thieftgoing into your room二、從句從句是相對于主句而言的，即它是從屬于某一個主句，而不能單獨做一個句子。英語中主要有三大從句，即名詞性從句（包括主語從句，定語從句，表語從句，同位語從句）、形容詞性從句（即定語從句）、副詞性從句（即狀語從句，包括時間，結果，條件，目的，原因，讓步，地

14、點，方式等）1、 主從作主語，例：That the earth is round is truth.2、 賓從作賓語，例：Do you know where he lives?3、 表從左表語，：My opinion is that you should not go alone.(一)主語從句一、1、定義：作句子主語的從句叫做主語從句。2、引導詞：主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導，that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留

15、自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分。例：(1)What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。(2)Who will won the match is still unknown.誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。(3)It is known to us how he became a writer.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。(4)Where the English evening will be held is has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在那里舉行，還沒有宣布。二、1、找主語從

16、句時，先找到句子的謂語，主句的謂語前面的從句，就是主語從句。(1)Why he left wasnt important.主語從句 主句的謂語動詞(2)That he became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence.主語從句 主句的謂語動詞2、that引導的主語從句可以放在主語的位置，這時that不可省略。例：That prices will go up is certain.3、that主語從句放在句首的情況不是很常見，絕大部分主語從句都借助形式主語it，主語從句放在后面。(1)It is strange that he

17、 knows nothing about it.(2)It is a pity that he cant swim.(3)It happened that he wasnt in that day.(4)It is said that there has been an earthquake in India.在口語中,用it作形式主語是，主語從句的that可以省略。4、有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：(1)It+be+名詞+that從句(2)It+be+形容詞+that從句(3)I

18、t+be+動詞的過去分詞+that從句(4)It+不及物動詞+that從句注意：主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“should+do”，常用的句型有：(1) It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that(2) Its a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc)that(3) It is suggested(required,proposed,desired,etc)that5、wh-疑問詞引導的主語從句，可以放在句首(1)，也可以借助形式主語it(2)。(1)When hell

19、be back depends much on the weather. How it was done was a mystery. Whether well succeed remains to be seen.(2)It is uncertain whether the game will be held. Its a puzzle now life began. It doesnt matter much where we live. Is it known where he went?（二）定語從句一、1、定義：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在所修飾的先行詞后面。2、關系詞：引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞稱為關系詞。關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；關系副詞有where,when,why等。關系詞常有3個作用：（1）引導定語從句，（2）代替先行詞，（3）在定語從句中擔當一個成分。二、關系代詞引導的定語從句：1、who指人，