初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及配套練習(xí)

1、語(yǔ)法二被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。比如，我吃了一個(gè)蘋(píng)果， 那現(xiàn)在蘋(píng)果怎樣了？蘋(píng)果被我吃了。正如漢語(yǔ)中的被字句，英語(yǔ)中的“被字句”我們稱(chēng)之為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)及結(jié)構(gòu)（以動(dòng)詞do為例）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + be + 過(guò)去分詞時(shí)態(tài)：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am (is, are) done.2.帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：must (can, may, should, need, would) be done3. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)： was (were) done 4. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)： will (shall) be done 5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am (is, are) being done

2、* 6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have (has) been done 例如He opened the door.他開(kāi)了門(mén)。(主動(dòng)句) The door was opened.門(mén)被開(kāi)了。(被動(dòng)句)二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法 1.不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。 例如：This book was published in 1981. （publish出版）這本書(shū)出版于1981年。（沒(méi)有必要或說(shuō)出出版者）2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 例如：The window was broken by Mike.窗戶(hù)是邁克打破的。 This book was written by Luxun.這本書(shū)是魯

3、迅寫(xiě)的。 三、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法 1把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。 2把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be過(guò)去分詞) 3把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。例如： All the people laughed at him. 改為：He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. 改為：The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌訣是：賓變主，主變賓，by短語(yǔ)后面跟。 四、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

4、be過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。 We can repair this watch in two days. 改為：This watch can be repaired in two days. We must finish this work soon. 改為：This work must be finished soon.五、主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)需要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題.（1）時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。I repaired my computer.改為：My computer was repaired. （2）謂語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能丟掉動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的介詞或副詞。His best friend often looks aft

5、er him. 改為：He is often looked after by his best friend.（3） 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中若有雙賓語(yǔ),將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ),另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)不變。 Linda gave me a book. (雙賓語(yǔ)，me為間接賓語(yǔ),a book為直接賓語(yǔ)) 改為：I was given a book by Linda. 或者：A book was given to me by Linda.（直接賓語(yǔ)提前時(shí)，要在間接賓語(yǔ)前加介詞）（4）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中動(dòng)詞make, have, let(使sb.做sth.), see. watch, look at, hear, list

6、en to, feel等變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不定式需要加上to.Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. 改為：He was made to wash the dishes.（5）有些動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),例如take place/happen/come true/break out/belong to等。All your dreams will come true if you try your best.（6）感官動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，例如look/sound/smell/taste等。例如：The flowers smell sweet.The flowers

7、are smelt sweet.即學(xué)即練：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇:( ) 1. English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( ) 2. This kind of car _ in Japan.A. makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 3.New computers _ all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( ) 4.Our room must _ clean.A. k

8、eep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( )5.A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is built C. been built D. be building( )6.Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 7.Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is

9、 speaking D. is not speaking( ) 8. The flowers _often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( )9. The old stone bridge _ next week.A. is going to be built(建造) B. will be build C. are going to be built D. will build( )10.Old people must be looked after well and _ politely.A

10、. speak to B. spoken(speak的過(guò)去分詞) C. speak D. spoken to將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，每空一詞。1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ in two days.2. The children will sing an English song. (sing-sung) An English song _ _ _ by the children. 3. You needn't do it now. (do-done) It _ _ _ by you now.4. Lucy s

11、ent me a New Year Card last week. (sent-sent) A New Year Card _ _ _ her by me last week.5.I give this book to the library. (give-given) This book _ _ to the library.6.We'll put on an English play in our school.(put-put)An English play _ _ _ on in our school.7.More and more farmers buy color TV s

12、ets. (buy-bought) Color TV sets _ _ _ more and more farmers.8.We must water the flowers every day. The flowers must _ _ (by us) every day.9.They use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _(by them) for cutting things.10.We clean the classroom every day. The classroom _ _(_ _) every day.將下列主動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)句：1.I gave my cousin a toy at Christmas. (give-given)_2. They should do it right now.（do-done）_3. People in t