Unit3-Inventors-and-inventions基礎(chǔ)知識--選修8

1、Unit3 Inventors and inventions【重點(diǎn)單詞】1. distinguish 辨別；辨認(rèn)；（常與from, between連用）區(qū)別；區(qū)分distinguish A from B 辨別A與B be distinguished from不同于be distinguished by 以為特征 be distinguished for 因而著稱distinguish oneself 顯揚(yáng)自己；使自己揚(yáng)名1). I can distinguish them at a distance. 從遠(yuǎn)處我能認(rèn)出他們。2). The man distinguishes himself by

2、 his wisdom這個(gè)人因智慧而揚(yáng)名?！炯淳郴钣谩?1). It is not easy to_cultured pearls from genuine pearls.A. distinguish B. separate C. identity D. recognize(2). Color blind people often find it difficult to_between blue and green.Aseparate Bdistinguish Ccompare Dcontrast2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的convenience n.便利，方便 con

3、veniently adv.便利地be convenient to sb. 對某人方便 It is convenient (for sb) to do sth. (某人)做某事方便1). Is it convenient for you to come next Sunday? 下個(gè)星期天你方便來嗎？2). I can t see him now; it s not convenient. 我現(xiàn)在不便見他。 完成句子(1) 地鐵方便快捷，但上下班高峰時(shí)也會擁擠得可怕。Trains are fast and _，but rush hours can be terrible.(2) 所有這些東西都

4、給人們的生活帶來了極大的便利和歡樂。These things all _ _ _ and delight to peoples lives.(3)Our new house is very_for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.Aadaptable Bcomfortable Cconvenient Davailable(4)Come and see me whenever_.Ayou are convenient Byou will be convenientCit is convenient for you Dit will be

5、 convenient to you3bear v. 忍受，具有，帶有，顯示 （標(biāo)記或特性）【拓展延伸】bear表示“忍受”其后可跟doing sth 表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，也可跟to do sth表示某一次具體動(dòng)作，且多與 can, could和 be able to連用。作“生產(chǎn)，生育”講時(shí)，有兩種過去分詞形式 borne指“生產(chǎn)，生育”而 born 指“出生”，如：She has borne three children with her husband. 她與丈夫生育了三個(gè)孩子?！炯淳郴钣谩?(1)Why did Bob cry?He couldnt bear_like that befor

6、e the whole class.Amaking fun of Bbeing made fun of Cto be laughed Dbeing made fun (2)I cant stand _with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _talking while she works.Aworking；stopping Bto work；stopping Cworking；to stop Dto work；to stop4. associate vt.聯(lián)系，聯(lián)想；n.同伴，伙伴。 Ive never associated you wit

7、h this place . 我從未把你和這個(gè)地方聯(lián)系在一起。 I wouldnt want to be associated with Mckeys project. 我不想和麥基的計(jì)劃有任何瓜葛。 I dont like these layabouts youre associating with . 我不喜歡你結(jié)交的這些游手好閑人。即境活用(1)他希望忘記跟他過去生活有聯(lián)系的一切東西，開始新的人生。He wished to forget everything_ _ _ _ _and start a new life.(2)He wished to forget everything_wi

8、th his former life and start a new life.Ajoined Bassociated Cburied Dcarried【重點(diǎn)短語】1. call up 征召；召集服兵役；喚起；使人回憶；帶入心中；打電話給某人call back 召回；回電話；收回處理call on/at 拜訪(on后跟人；at后跟地點(diǎn)名詞)call for 要求，提倡，為叫喊call forth 使產(chǎn)生；引起；使起作用call in 召集，召來，來訪call off 取消；取消或延期：call out 出動(dòng)，喚起，大聲叫喚1). He called me up to tell me the g

9、ood news. 他打電話給我并告訴我這個(gè)好消息。2). I was called up three months after war broke out. 戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)后的第三個(gè)月，我應(yīng)征入伍?！军c(diǎn)撥】 辨析： call up 與look back on/upon call up 表示“使.回憶起”主語為物，look back on/upon“回憶，記起”主語為人根據(jù)句意填入call 相關(guān)的正確短語(1) Let's call _ John at John's house.(2) The situation calls _ immediate action.(3) The so

10、und of happy laughter called _ memories of his childhood. (4) The match was called _ because of bad weather. (5) Your mother is very ill. Call _ a doctor at once. (6) When I _Tom, he was doing some shopping.A. call on B. called up C. called off D. called over2. set about sth/doing sth (不用於被動(dòng)語態(tài)) 開始（某

11、工作）； 著手做某事set sth aside 將某事物放在一邊；（為某目的）節(jié)省或保留（錢或時(shí)間）set sth down 將某事物記在紙上； 寫下來 set out 從某地出發(fā)上路set off 開始（旅行、賽跑等） set sth off 使（炸彈、地雷等）爆炸set to 精力充沛地開始做某事 set sth up 擺放或豎起某物；創(chuàng)（體育）記錄1). I must set about my packing. 我得開始收拾行李了。2). The new government must set about finding solutions to the country s econom

12、ic problems. 新政府必須立即找出解決國家經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的辦法。 【即境活用】根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。1). I don t know how to set _ this job. 2). She set _ a new world record time _ the 100 metres. 3). They set _ on the last stage _ their journey. 4). How do senior managers set _ making these decisions? 3get through 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上（尤指打通電話）；（設(shè)法）做完；通過；

13、度過 Ms Chen is going through the students papers. 陳老師正在仔細(xì)檢查學(xué)生的論文。 I tried to ring my girlfriend but I couldnt get through. 我試圖給女朋友打電話，可是打不通。 Your meaning didnt really get across . 你的意思并未真正被別人理解。練習(xí)：(1)Have you_？No.I had the wrong number.Agot in Bgot away Cgot off Dgot through【重點(diǎn)句型】1. The first thing I

14、 tried to do was to see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. 我先看看有沒有能派得上用場的產(chǎn)品，好象只有一些用來殺死蛇的藥粉。 (1) 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，be的人稱與數(shù)應(yīng)遵循就近一致原則： There was a bucket of water and two chairs in the comer of the house. There are two chairs and a bucket

15、of water in the comer of the house.(2) there be常見的形式有：there seems to be.there happens to be.there used to be.(3) seem的歸納總結(jié)： sth.sb. seem (to be)+adj.名詞好像 It seems that. 似乎，好像 It seems to sb that. 在某人看來好像 It seems as ifas though. 看起來好像(后可接虛擬語氣，這可接表真實(shí)的表語從句。) It seems as if it were going to rain. 看起來好像

16、要下雨了。(天氣好得很，不會下雨。) It seems as if it is going to rain. 看起來好像要下雨了。(真的快要下雨了。) There seems (to be) 好象 【即境活用】根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1). The child seems _ (be) healthy, but the doctor is concerned. 2). It seems to me _ there s something funny about the case.3). There doesnt seem _ (be) much hope that he ll co

17、me / of him coming. 2. Between the outside and inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes hard when cooled. 在碗的內(nèi)外壁中間有些果凍，當(dāng)冷凍時(shí)就會變得非常硬。when cooled的構(gòu)成：連詞+過去分詞，相當(dāng)于when 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句when it is cooled如果whenwhile引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語相同，常?？捎脀henwhile + 現(xiàn)在分詞短語或者過去分詞短語的結(jié)構(gòu)來代替。1). When offered help, yo

18、u should say “thank you” or “it s very kind of you”. = _.2). You must be careful when crossing the street.= _.3). Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful.= _.4). Seeing from the hill, you call see that the whole city is beautiful.= _.【即境活用】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1). Once _ (publish), this novel will be v

19、ery popular! 2). _ (tell) many times, he still couldnt understand. 3). The girls are talking excitedly, _ (follow) their teacher. 3. Prepared with some research findings，I decided on three possible approaches.(P20)有一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)作準(zhǔn)備，我決定了三種可能的方法【句法分析】Prepared with some research findings為過去分詞短語作狀語，相當(dāng)于謂語動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)的

20、狀語從句，該動(dòng)作和主句的主語之間存在著邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 Reminded not to miss the flight at 1520，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.被提醒不要錯(cuò)過1520 的航班，經(jīng)理匆忙去了飛機(jī)場。 Given more time，he can do it better. 如果給予他更多的時(shí)間，他會把它做得更好。 Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.When it is seen from the top of the hil

21、l，the park looks more beautiful.從山頂往下看，這座公園看起來更加漂亮。 Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.由于受到所取得進(jìn)步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。(1)_twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.ABeing bittenBBitten CHaving

22、bitten DTo be bitten4. Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟隨它，在它的周圍探索，那么在你知道它之前，你將有值得考慮的某些東西占用你的大腦。【句法分析】本題考查“祈使句and/then/or/陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。 Work harder and/then you will succeed in your studies. 如果你更加努力學(xué)習(xí)，在學(xué)習(xí)上你就會成功。I

23、f you work harder，youll succeed in your studies.Working harder，you will succeed in your studies. Study hard，or youll fail in your exams. 如果你不刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，你就會考不及格。If you dont study hard，youll fail in your exams.You will fail in your exams unless you study hard. 即境活用（1）Mum，I am afraid I wont do well in the co

24、ming test.Honey，_more careful，_you will make it。Ais；soBbe；and Cbe；then Dbeing；and（2）One more day，_Ill get everything ready.Aor Bwhile Cand Dbut（3）Can you help me?Yes._your teachers advice，in my opinion，and everything will be OK.AFollow BFollowing CTo follow DFollowed5. Remember to include one change

25、 to your invention in case it doesnt work the first time. 記住對你的發(fā)明要有變化的余地以防它第一次不起作用。in case (1) conj.在的情況下，萬一的話；以防，免得；in case后接從句時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，偶爾也用shouldv.。In case anything important happens，please call me up. 萬一發(fā)生什么重要的事情，請打電話給我。Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting. 坐出租車去，免得開會遲到。(2)a

26、dv.以防萬一，免得Youd better carry some money in case. 你最好帶些錢，以防萬一。It may rain.Youd better take your umbrella in case. 天可能下雨，你最好帶上傘以防萬一。(1)in case of 在情形時(shí)，萬一，以防In case of fire，ring the bell. 萬一發(fā)生火災(zāi)，請按鈴。I will take a raincoat with me in case of rain. 我將隨身帶件雨衣以防下雨。(2)in any case 無論如何，反正，不管怎樣In any case，do yo

27、ur best.無論如何，要盡力而為。(3)in no case 決不，在任何時(shí)候都不In no case should you be allowed to do such a foolish thing again.你決不應(yīng)該再做那樣的蠢事。(注意此句要用部分倒裝)(4)in that case作“在那種情況下，假使那樣的話”“如果那樣”解時(shí)相當(dāng)于if that happens。It may rain this evening.In that case，well have to stay at home.今天晚上可能下雨。如果是那樣，我們就只好呆在家里了。練習(xí)：(1)I shall stay

28、 in the hotel all day_there is news of the missing child.Ain case Bno matter Cin any case Dever since(2)Leave your key with a neighbor_you lock yourself out one day.Aever since Beven if Csoon after Din case(3)Some parents dont allow their children to go online_they are affected by something unhealth

29、y.Afor fear that Bunless Cin only Din case單項(xiàng)填空1. When I walked past the street and saw the children playing happily, their happy laughter _ memories of my childhood. A. called in B. called for C. called on D. called up2. He was left out when they _ choosing a new manager, which came as a complete su

30、rprise to him. A. set out B. set about C. set off D. set up3. We all write _ even when there is not much to say.A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less4. We should _ right _ wrong.A. distinguish; by B. distinguish; for C. distinguish; from D. distinguish; to5. She doesnt play th

31、e piano, but she likes singing and dancing. _.A. So I am B. So it is with my sister C. So am I D. Neither do I6. The train came to an _ stop, making many passengers fall off their seats.A. abruptly B. suddenly C. surprised D. abrupt答案：1. （1）選A 。 （2）【答案】B2. 完成句子(1) 答案：convenient (2)答案：bring great con

32、venience(3) A.adaptable表示“能適應(yīng)的，適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的”；D.available表示“可獲得的，可得到的”?！敬鸢浮緾(4)【解析】“如果你方便的話”應(yīng)用if it is convenient to/for you。 【答案】C3. (1)解析：選B。 (2)解析：選C。refuse 后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，所以C項(xiàng)正確。4. (1)答案：associated with his former life(2)【解析】句意為：他希望忘記跟他過去生活有聯(lián)系的一切東西，開始新的人生。be associated with.表示“和有聯(lián)系”，此處作后置定語，符合語意要求。【答案】B【重點(diǎn)短語】1. (1) on(2) for(3) up(4) off(5) in(6)【解析】選B?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析 call on。按照句意此處為給-打電