第10講閱讀判斷

1、復習前請先誠懇地念三遍:"南無般若龍樹"，然后粉用功地復習據(jù)說可以借來龍樹的智慧，也就是說學習效果會得到大大 提高。請大家務必認真復習-有好資料再加上一定的努力，必定一次通過考試！!！第二部分閱讀判斷閱讀下面的短文。每篇短文后面都有七句話，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容判斷這些話是正確、錯誤，還是在短文中沒有提到。（總分7分，確保得到4-5分，掌握方法和技巧）第四篇Smoki ngSince 1939, nu merous studies have bee n con ducted to determ ine whether smok ing is a ealth hazard.The

2、trend of the evide nee has bee n con siste nt and in dicates that there is a serious health risk.Research teams have con ducted studies thatshow bey ond all reas on able doubt that tobacco smok ing1is associated with a shorte ned life expecta ncyCigarette smoking is believed by most research workers

3、 in this field to be an importantactor in the development of can cer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to berelated to cancer of some other orga ns of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher deathrate from heart disease tha n non-smoki ng males. Female smokers are thought

4、to be less affectedbecause they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to thehuma n body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash andother solids. There is also nicotine,which is powerful poison,

5、 and black tar. As smoke is breathedin, all those comp onents from deposits on the membra nes of thelun gs. One point of concen trati onis where the air tube and bron chus divides. Most lung cancer begi ns at this point.2Filters and low tar tobaccoare claimed to make smok ing to some exte nt safer,

6、but they canonly slightly reduce, not eliminat詞匯：vaporize 've ?p?ra ?z v. （使）蒸發(fā) nicot ine 'n?k?ti: n n. 尼古丁membra ne 'membre in n.膜bron chus 'br ?k?s n. 支氣管注釋：life expecta ncy:預期壽命low tar tobacco:焦油含量低的煙草1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. （一段）A. Right請大家務必認真復習-有

7、好資料再加上一定的努力，必定一次通過考試！!！B .WrongC. Not men ti oned2. Smoking reduces one ' s life expectancy.（一段）A. RightB. WrongC. Not men ti oned3. Smoki ng may induce lung cancer. （二段）A. RightB. WrongC. Not men ti oned4. There is evide nee that smok ing is resp on sible for breast cancer. （無）A. RightB .WrongC

8、. Not men ti oned5. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers（二段）A. RightB. WrongC. Not men ti oned6. Nicotine is poisonous. （三段）A. RightB. WrongC. Not men ti oned7. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoki ng safer.（四段）A. RightB .WrongC. Not men ti oned答案與題解：1. B該題說的

9、是，判斷抽煙對健康是否有危害是容易的，但是，文章的第一句話是這么說的：自1939年以來進行了許多次研究，其目的都是為了判斷抽煙對健康是否是一種危害，可以看出判斷抽煙對健康是否是一種危害并不容易。tobacco smoking2. A該題說的是：抽煙會縮短人們的預期壽命。該題源于第一段最后一個句子中的子句：is associated with a shorte ned life expecta ncy（扌由煙與人的預期壽命縮短有關）請大家務必認真復習-有好資料再加上一定的努力，必定一次通過考試！!！3 . A該題說的是：抽煙有可能誘發(fā)肺癌。文章的第二段和第三段都講到了抽煙與肺癌的關系。4 . C

10、該題說的是：有證據(jù)說明入選愛是抽煙誘發(fā)的。文章并未提及。5 . B該題說的是：男性煙民死于心臟病的比率小雨女性煙民死于心臟病的比率，文章沒有直接比較男性煙民和女性煙民死于心臟病的比率，但有這么一句話：Female smokers are thought to be less affectedbecause they do not breathe in the smke so deeply.據(jù)認為女性煙民并不把煙吸得很深，因此煙對她們的影響小于男性煙民。從中可以推斷出的是：男性煙民死于心臟病的比率高于女性煙民死于心臟病的比 率。因此該題的命題是錯誤的。6. A 該題說的是：尼古丁是有毒的。答案可

11、在第三段找到。7. B該題說的是：有了過濾嘴和焦油含量低的煙草，抽煙時安全的。文章的最后一段（也是最后一句）是 這么說的：據(jù)稱，過濾嘴和焦油含量低的煙草在某種程度上使抽煙變得較為安全，但是它們只是略微減少 危害而不是消除危害。因此該題的命題是錯誤的。第五篇Pla nts and MankindBotany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar positionin the historyof human knowledge.1We don't know what our Stone Age an cestors knew about pla

12、 nts, but from what we can observe ofpreindustrialsocieties that still exist, a detailed learningof plants and their properties must2be extremely ancient . This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all livingthings, even for other plants. They have always been enormously importan

13、t to the welfare of people,3not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes , medicines, shelter, and many other4purposes. Tribes liv ing today in the jungle of the Amaz onreco gnize hun dreds of pla nts and knowmany properties of each. To them botany has noname and is probably not ev

14、en recognized as a special branch of "kno wledge" at all.Un fort un ately, the more in dustrialized we becomethe farther away we move from direct con tact with pla nts, and the less disti net our kno wledge of bota ny grows. Yet every one comes uncon sciously on an amaz ing amount of bota

15、ni cal kno wledge5, and few people will fail to recog nize a rose, an67apple, or an orchid . When our Neolithican cestors, liv ing in the Middle East about 10,000yearsago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the n ext seas on, the first great

16、step in a new associati on of pla nts and huma ns was take n. Grai ns were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From the n on, huma ns would in creas inglytake their livi ng from the con trolledproducti onof a few pla nts, rather請大家務必認真復習-有好資料再加上一定的努力，必定一次通過考試

17、！!！than getting a little here and a little there from many varietiesthat grew wild and the accumulatedknowledge of tens of thousands of years of experienee and intimacy with plants in the wild wouldbegi n to fade away 8 .詞匯：botany 'b?t ?ni n.植物學yield ji:ld n.產(chǎn)量，收益detailed 'di:teild adj.詳細的，詳

18、盡的marvel 'm av ?l n. 令人驚奇的事（人），奇跡property 'pr ?p?ti n. （1）特征（2）財產(chǎn)，資產(chǎn)logical 'l ?d?ik ?l adj.邏輯的，合乎邏輯的variety v ?'rai ?ti n. （1）品種，變種（2）變化，多樣化pyramid 'pir ?mid n. 金字塔welfare 'welf & ? n. 福利，幸福，康樂accumulate ?'kju:mjuleit vt.積累，積聚in timacy ' in tim?si n.親近，親密注釋：1. St

19、o ne Age:石器時代2. a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient: 對植物及其特點的詳細了解一定非常久遠。3. dye : 染料4. the Amaz on :亞馬孫河5. Yet every one comes uncon sciously on an amaz ing amount of bota ni cal kno wledge 而每個人都會在無意識中獲得大量的植物知識，come on :（偶然）遇見；（偶然）發(fā)現(xiàn)。又如：I came on thisidea by p

20、ure cha nee.我有這個想法純偶然。6. orchid:蘭花7. Neolithic:新石器時代8. From the n on, huma ns would in creas in gly take their liv ing from the con trolled product ion ofa few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grewwild and the accumulated kno wledge of tens of tho

21、usa nds of years of experie nee and in timacy withpla nts in the wild would begi n to fade away:從那時起，人類就越來越多地從可控制的幾種植物的種 植中獲取生計，而不是從野生的眾多種類中東采一點，西摘一點。在數(shù)萬年的經(jīng)驗中積累起來的知識以及請大家務必認真復習-有好資料再加上一定的努力，必定一次通過考試！!！與大自然中各種植物的緊密聯(lián)系也就開始消失take their living from過活1. It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and

22、 their properties must be extremelyan cie nt.（一段）A. RightB. WrongC. Not men ti oned2. People can not survive withou （ 一段）A. RightB. WrongC. Not men ti oned3. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.（ 一段）A. RightB. WrongC. Not men ti oned4. Our direct con tact with pla nts grows with the process of in dustrializati on.（二段）A. RightB. WrongC. Not men ti oned5. Today people usually acquire a large amount of bota ni cal kno wledge from textbooks.A. RightB. WrongC. Not men t