初中英語(yǔ)句子成分及五種基本句型講解與練習(xí).

1、句子成分 & 五種基本句型一、 考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回顧I. 【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)）、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。（一）主語(yǔ) ：主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象，表示所說(shuō)的“是什么” 或 “是誰(shuí)”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)。它在句首 。如：（ 1） Lucy is a beautiful nurse.（名詞作主語(yǔ)）（ 2）He reads newspapers every day. （代詞作主語(yǔ)）（ 3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)）（ 4）To swim in Kunming

2、Lake is a great pleasure. （不定式作主語(yǔ)）（ 5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)）（二）謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ) “做什么”“是什么” 或“怎么樣”。謂語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)部分里主要的詞）謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語(yǔ)后面 。如： His parents are teachers.（系動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）必須是動(dòng)詞 。We study hard.（行為動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）We dontfinish reading the book.（助動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)）He can speak English.（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)

3、）（三）賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)是 動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么。一般放在謂語(yǔ)之后 。She is doing her homework now. （名詞作賓語(yǔ)）She says（that） she is ill. （賓語(yǔ)從句作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)）We often help him. （代詞作賓語(yǔ)）He likes to play basketball. （不定式作賓語(yǔ)）We enjoy listening to the music.我們喜歡聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。 （動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)）說(shuō)明 1：賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞涉及到的人或物，賓語(yǔ)一般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。介詞后面的名詞

4、或代詞或動(dòng)名詞，稱(chēng)為介詞賓語(yǔ)。 名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。另外，動(dòng)詞不定式可作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)；動(dòng)名詞和賓語(yǔ)從句也可用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)。說(shuō)明 2：及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面要跟賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)分直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，直接賓語(yǔ)指物 ，間接賓語(yǔ)通常是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所及的人，間接賓語(yǔ) 指人 。間接賓語(yǔ)一般放在直接賓語(yǔ)之前。不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都可以用雙賓語(yǔ)。有的動(dòng)詞可以跟。如： give, show（給 看），bring, pass, buy 等。如：（ 1）Our teacher tells us a story.（ 2） The sun gives us light.間接賓

5、語(yǔ)如果放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后，在表示“人”的間接賓語(yǔ)之前會(huì)出現(xiàn)介詞“ to”或“ for”。間接賓語(yǔ)前加“to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答應(yīng)） , refuse（拒絕）等。間接賓語(yǔ)加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令） , sing, pay 等（ 1） I give him a book. 改成：（ 2） He passes me the book.（他將書(shū)遞給我。 ）改成：（ 3）

6、He writes me a letter.改成：（ 4） He will buy me some books.改成：（ 5） She is making me a cake.改成：（四）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在賓語(yǔ)后面 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分，稱(chēng)為 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 。名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)以及動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)稱(chēng)為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。如： They make her happy.（形容詞）I see her dance.（省 to 的不定式）We ll helpyou to make the Olympics a success.（名詞）Please let hi

7、m in. （副詞）We heard her singing a song.（分詞短語(yǔ)）（五）表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么 ”或者“ 怎么樣 ”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及名詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。如： I am a teacher.（名詞）He is always happy. （形容詞）They are on the playground now. （介詞短語(yǔ)）It gets cold. （形容詞）Be動(dòng)詞（am， is， are, was, were）系動(dòng)詞表保持（ keep, stay, remain）表改變（ get， become， turn ）感官動(dòng)詞（

8、 feel， sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)）， seem/look（看起來(lái)）， taste（嘗起來(lái)），smell（聞起來(lái)）如： It sounds interesting. （ sound 為系動(dòng)詞， interesting 為表語(yǔ)）We should all remain careful.（ Remain 為系動(dòng)詞，careful 為表語(yǔ)）（六）定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)是用來(lái) 修飾名詞或代詞 的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不等式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等。單個(gè)詞 作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。如： The black bike is mine. （形容詞）What s your name?（代詞）T

9、hey make paper flowers. （名詞）說(shuō)明 1：當(dāng)定語(yǔ) 修飾不定代詞：nothing, anything, everything, something等時(shí)，定語(yǔ) 在不定代詞后面 。 如： I tell him something interesting. （形容詞 interesting 作不定代詞 something 的后置定語(yǔ)）He has something to do.（ to do 為不定式作后置定語(yǔ)）說(shuō)明 2：短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：The boys in the room are in Class Four.（ in the room 是

10、介詞短語(yǔ)作the boys的后置定語(yǔ)。）（七）狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、 介詞短語(yǔ)、 不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。 狀語(yǔ) 一般放在句末 ，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如： He did it carefully. （副詞）We often help him. （副詞）Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. （介詞短語(yǔ)）When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher. （從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）He sits there.（副詞地點(diǎn)

11、狀語(yǔ)）II. 【五種基本句型】A. 主語(yǔ) +不及物動(dòng)詞 (主謂 )如： The sun rises. 太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)。The car stopped.小汽車(chē)停下來(lái)了。rise 和 stop 都是不及物動(dòng)詞，因此后邊不必加賓語(yǔ)。B. 主語(yǔ) +及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ) (主謂賓 )如： I love my country. He helps me.I like action movies. I buy a book.C. 主語(yǔ) +系動(dòng)詞 +表語(yǔ) (主系表 )如： Her brother is a driver.We feel happy.（ feel 為系動(dòng)詞，表示感到 ）It gets dark. 天黑了。

12、（ get 為系動(dòng)詞，表示變得）Tom looks ill. Tom 看上去病了。（look 為系動(dòng)詞，表示看上去，看起來(lái)）D. 主語(yǔ) +及物動(dòng)詞 +雙賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)）(主謂 +直賓 +間賓 )如： He gives Tom a present.（雙賓語(yǔ)）他給湯姆一件禮物。Mother make a new dress for me. （雙賓語(yǔ)）媽媽為我做了一件衣服。E. 主語(yǔ) +及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) (主 +謂 +賓 +賓補(bǔ) )如： They call her Mary. （賓補(bǔ)）他們叫她Mary 。We make our classroom clean and tidy

13、.（賓補(bǔ)）我們使我們的教室干凈而整齊。He always makes us laugh.（賓補(bǔ)）他總使我們笑。二、 典型例題寫(xiě)出劃線部分的句子成分。1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.2. Her garden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.4. I like this book very much.5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane ssister.6. She didn t cometo my party because she was

14、ill.7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.8. We will go to the Children s Palaceonce week.9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good.11. His name is Paul.12. We always go to school early.三、 課后練習(xí)(一 ) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ) My brother doesnt do his homework. People all over the world speak English. You mus

15、t pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words do you learn ?A B C D Some students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?ABCD(二 ) 挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ) The old man is feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all become interested in the

16、 subject. She is the first to learn about it.ABCD(三 ) 挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ) They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.ABCD（四 ) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) She likes the chi

17、ldren to read newspapers & books in the reading-room.ABCD He asks her to take the boy out of school. She find it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.ABCD(五 ) 挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ) There is a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began

18、 to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.ABCD(六 ) 劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)() 和間接賓語(yǔ)（） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Do