虛擬語氣用法歸納00295

1、虛擬語氣用法歸納英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式(有的還借助句法形式)來表示。一、虛擬條件句條件句有兩類：一類是真實(shí)條件句，一類是虔擬條件句如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實(shí)條件句，謂語用陳述語氣。If you don't work hard, you will fail.If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.如果假設(shè)的情況過去、現(xiàn)在、將來都不存在，那么為虛擬語氣虛擬條件句和對應(yīng)主句的動詞形式列表：條件從句的謂語動詞形式主句謂語動詞形式與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)had d

2、onewould/could/might/shoukl have done與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過去時(shí)(was-Awere)would/could/might/should do與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過去時(shí) was-*were ; should do; were to dowould/could/might/shoukl do1?與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬What would you do if you won the lottery?If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.If I had a lot of money now, I w

3、ould travel around the world.2. 與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬If you had been here yesterday, you would have seen her.If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday.3. 與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow, our plan would be put off.If we were to picnic, we would no

4、t be able to help ?二、錯(cuò)綜、混合虛擬語氣通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真實(shí)條件句的虔擬語氣模式，從句和主句的謂語動詞時(shí)間是一致的，如果兩者時(shí)間不一致，此時(shí)就是混合型虛擬語氣。混合型虛擬語氣的使用要求“各自為政"，即從句和主句根據(jù)各自假設(shè)的時(shí)間不同，釆用上面表格中對應(yīng)的的謂語動詞形式。1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now.從句是對過去的假設(shè)，主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be

5、 so sleepy now. 從句 是 對過去的假設(shè)，主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)3. Had you followed the doctor's suggestion, you would be fine now.從句是對過去的假設(shè)，主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)4. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month. 從句是對過 去的 假設(shè)，主句是對將來的假設(shè)5. You didn't let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldift be so

6、 tired now.從句是 對過 去的假設(shè)，主句是對現(xiàn)在的假設(shè))6. If I were your mother, I would let you go out this weekend. ( 從句是對現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)，主句是 對 將來的假設(shè) )三、含蓄虛擬語氣虛擬語氣中的“含蓄之美 " 指的是含蓄虛擬語氣。因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不是以if 引 導(dǎo)的條件從句形式出現(xiàn)，而是通過一些短語等形式暗示虛擬語氣的存在， 常用的詞語有 with, without, but for, othenvise, or, even, in case of, what if(如果將如何)等等，這種句子往往 有主句

7、而無從句(考 試時(shí)多數(shù)情況是對過去的假設(shè) ) 。But for your encouragement, I would not have been admitted to this university ? ( 過去 ) Without water, all lives would die. ( 現(xiàn)在 )He felt too tired yesterday, or he would have attended my party. (過去) I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to see you off. (過去)四、虛名詞

8、性從句的虛擬語氣含有 should +V 的用法，這一局部主要是有關(guān)建議和命令的相關(guān)從句，包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句以及以之相關(guān)的形式主語賓語之類的從句。 記憶口訣：一個(gè) 堅(jiān)持 (insist), 兩個(gè)命令(order, command)三個(gè)建議(suggest, advise, recommend),四個(gè)要 求(ask, require, demand, request)<>1. 賓語從句的虛擬語氣He insisted that the meeting be put off.The general ordered (that) all the soldiers

9、 (should ) leave.He gives orders that the soldiers (should) leave.2. 表語從句的虛擬語氣My suggestion is that we (should) stay here for a rest.3. 同位語從句的虛擬語氣There is no suggestion that she (should) resign.4. 主語從句的虛擬語氣主要表達(dá)在 It 做形式主語的三種情況： Ifs+p.p+that ；Ws + adj. +that；It，s + n? +that常用的動詞 recoininand, demand, d

10、esire, order, request, require, suggest9coinmand 常用的 形容 詞 important, necessary, right, advisable, natural, strange, surprising, regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential常用的名詞 duty, pity, no surpise, no wonder, shame, regret 其實(shí)這些詞在句子中其實(shí)也有建議命 令類似的的意思 It，s important that you should take the medicin

11、e.It' s a pity that you should refuse the invitation ?It' s essential that we should learn some knowledge about fist aid.It' s demanded that all the students should go to the playground?It was suggested that he should join the club activities.5? It 為形式賓語的情況實(shí)際上是上面形式主語的一種變形，是以it 為形式賓語的復(fù)合 賓

12、語從句,it后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語多為形容詞或名詞 ，常見詞就是上面形式主語后面的那些詞。I considerit vital that he (should) think deeply before acting.We think it necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.6. 某些詞語如suggest, insist等有雙重含義，所以在使用的時(shí)候要注意什么時(shí)候用虛擬語氣，什么時(shí)候不用虛擬語氣。Her smile suggested that she was in favor of the plan.We insisted that wha

13、t the boy did was wrong.五. 虛擬語氣在特殊句式中的運(yùn)用，主要有兩種情況：I. would rather, 1護(hù) s time ,for fear that.I would rather he didif t go now.They would rather they hadnA t attended the party.It，s about high time that 從句中常用過去式 有時(shí)也用 should d o ,含建議的意 思。漢 語的意思為是該做的時(shí)候了 ",也等于It' s time for sb. to do sth.It'

14、s high time that we went home ?It，s high time that we should go home.It' s high time for us to go home.for fear that后面可以接虛擬語氣should do,也可以接其他語氣，但依然會有一個(gè)情 態(tài)動詞。I will not make a noise for fear that I should / might disturd you.II. wish+clause; as if/ though+ clause; If only 這三種情況的虛擬語氣有點(diǎn)相似。wish 后的賓語

15、從句，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，其形式主要有三種 Wish sb.lid 對現(xiàn)在的 虛 擬 ；wish sb. had done 對過去的虛擬 ; wish sb. would do 對將來的虛擬 . 偶爾在對過去的 虛 擬時(shí)，也會出現(xiàn) wish sb. would have done 的情況。I wish I knew what was going to happen ? She wished she had staved at home.I wish I would have seen her last night.此時(shí)要注意表示語氣很強(qiáng)時(shí)用How sb. VVish+ clause,其用法同

16、上。如果要用 was依 然換成 were.How I wish I were a bird.as if/ though 出現(xiàn)的虛擬語氣主要有兩種情況：主句 +as if/ though 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句； seem/ look/ smell +as if/ though 引導(dǎo)的表語從句。主句+JIS if/ though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句：主句 +as if/ though+主語+did/ were對現(xiàn)在的假 設(shè)； 主句 +as if/ though+ 主語 +could/ would do 對將來的假設(shè)；主句 +as if/ though+ 主語 +hnd done對 過去的假設(shè) seem/ lo

17、ok/ smell 等的從句情況根本上和上面一致。She talks as if she knew everything.He behaved as if nothing had happened.注意不需要用虛擬語 r 的情況If only 引起的感慨句要求用虛擬語氣，表示愿望。形式為：用過去式或者 would/could do, 表示與現(xiàn)在或未來事實(shí)相反的愿望；用過去完成式表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望。If onlv he were here!If onlv vou would listen to our advise!If only I had not been busy last week

18、!If only 也可以用于虛擬條件從句中，如：If only I had more money, I could buy a car!六、虛擬語氣測試題1. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。l.If you (follow) the doctor, you (be) all right now.2. If we (drive) the car by turns, you (not be) so tired now.3. If I (be) you, I ( not miss) that opportunity.4. If they (start) in the early inorning, th

19、ey (arrive) soon5? If you (take) an umbrella, you (not be) wet now.6. Without water, there (be) no living things.7. But for your help, we (not finish) the work.8. The young man insisted that he (do) nothing wrong and (set) free.9. Had you listened to the doctor, you (be) all right now.10. look at th

20、e terrible situation I am in. If only I (follow) your advice.11. 單項(xiàng)選擇。1. If I had enough time, I _ it better next time .A. will doB. have done C. didD. would do2. If mv car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.AeWasB.had been C.should be D.would be3? How I wish

21、 every family a large house with a beautiful garden .A. hadB. have had C. will have D. had had4. Sorry , I am too busy now ? If I time，I would certainly go for an outing with you ?A. had B. have had C. had had D. have5.1 through that bitter period without your generous help ?A. wouldn't have gon

22、e B. didn't go C. wouldift goD. hadn9t gone6. He will come tomorrow .?“But Fd rather he the day after tomorrow ?A. will come B ? is coining C. came D ? had come7. What would have happened , as far as the river bank ?A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walked farther C. had Bob walked fart

23、her D. If Bob walked farther8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday ? Ithe trouble to carry my umbrellawith me ?A. should have taken B. could have takenC. mustift have taken D. needift have taken9. You _ much better now if you had taken the doctor's advice ?A. would be B. would have been

24、C. will be D. should be10. _ myself to my study, I would be sitting in a comfortable table office now ?A. If I devoted B. Should I devote C. Would I devoteD. Had I devoted11. _ it rain tomorrow , we would have to put off the visit to Zhonshan Bridge.A. Were B. ShouldC. Would D. Will12. If he _ my ad

25、vice , he wouldift have lost his job ?A. followed B ? should follow C. had followed D. would follow13. _ no air or water, there would be no life in the worldD. Is thereA. Were there B? There are C. There was14? It's high time that your daughter to school ?A. would be sent B. must be sentC. shoul

26、d be sentD. is sent15. It is necessary that these exercise books as soon as possible ?A. are handed in B. would be handed inC. will be handed inD. behanded in16. Mr.Green requires that the students a composition every other week ?A. write B. writtenC. would writeD. will write17. But for the help of

27、my English teacher , I the first prize in the English writingcomposition.A. would not win B ? would not have wonC. would win D ? would have won1& Brown had intended to take a job in business , but that plan after the unpleasantexperience in America in 2021.A. had abandoned B. has abandoned C. abandoned D. will abandonIII. 根據(jù)漢語提示，用括號中的單詞完成句子。1. 要是他按照醫(yī)生要求的那樣靜靜地躺著，他現(xiàn)在就不那樣受罪了。If he had lain quietly as the