定語從句 (4)

1、September, 2013熟讀深思熟讀深思朗讀下列句子朗讀下列句子, 注意體會定語從句注意體會定語從句的用法。的用法。1.This is the man who helped me yesterday.這就是昨天幫助我的那個這就是昨天幫助我的那個人。人。(作主語作主語)2. The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming.你要見的老師來了。你要見的老師來了。(作作see的的賓語賓語, 可以省略可以省略)3. I met a boy whose father was a astronaut.我認識一位男孩我認識一位男孩, 他的父親是

2、宇航員。他的父親是宇航員。(作作定語定語)4. I like the book which/that was bought yesterday.我喜歡昨天買的那本書。我喜歡昨天買的那本書。5. This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.這就是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的這就是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的那家工廠。那家工廠。(作作visited的賓語的賓語, 可以省略可以省略)6. He has a book whose cover(=the cover of which) is very beautiful. 他有一本封面非常他有一本封面非常漂亮的書。漂亮

3、的書。7. Last night I saw a very good film, which (不用不用that) was about the Second World War.昨晚我看了一部非常優(yōu)秀的影片昨晚我看了一部非常優(yōu)秀的影片, 這部影片這部影片是關(guān)于二戰(zhàn)的。是關(guān)于二戰(zhàn)的。8. Charles Smith, who(不用不用that) was my former teacher, retired last year.查理查理史密斯去年退休了史密斯去年退休了, 他曾經(jīng)是我他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。的老師。9. We must help those who(不用不用that) need help.

4、我們應(yīng)該幫助那些需要幫我們應(yīng)該幫助那些需要幫助的人。助的人。10. All that(不用不用which) can be done has been done.能做的都已經(jīng)做了。能做的都已經(jīng)做了。11. This is the best that(不用不用which) has been used against pollution.這是這是用來防止污染的最好辦法。用來防止污染的最好辦法。12. They often talk about the people and the things that(不用不用who/which) they are interested in.他們常常談?wù)撃切┧麄?/p>

5、感興趣他們常常談?wù)撃切┧麄兏信d趣的人和事。的人和事。13. The time when (=at which) I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.第一次見到納爾遜第一次見到納爾遜曼德拉的時候曼德拉的時候,是我一生中非常艱難的時期。是我一生中非常艱難的時期。14.The school where(=at/in which) I studied was 3 kilometers away from my home. 我讀過書的那所學校離我家我讀過書的那所學校離我家有三公里遠。有三公里遠。15.The

6、reason why(=for which) he was late was that he missed his train. 他遲他遲到是因為誤了火車。到是因為誤了火車。16. Dont forget the time (that/which) Ive told you.別忘了我告訴你的時間。別忘了我告訴你的時間。17. The earthquake was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. 兩百公里以外的北京兩百公里以外的北京市都感到了地震。市都感到了地震。18. The room whose

7、 window faces south is mine.那間窗子朝南開的房間是我的。那間窗子朝南開的房間是我的。19. Thats the reason (that/which) he explained to us.這就是他向我們解釋的這就是他向我們解釋的理由。理由。1. 定義：定語從句一般都緊跟在它所修飾的名定義：定語從句一般都緊跟在它所修飾的名詞后面，這個名詞叫做先行詞；連接主句與從詞后面，這個名詞叫做先行詞；連接主句與從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。2. 關(guān)系詞有三個作用：一是連接主句與從句；關(guān)系詞有三個作用：一是連接主句與從句；二是指代先行詞；三是在從句中充當句子成分。二是指代先行

8、詞；三是在從句中充當句子成分。3. 選擇關(guān)系詞的兩條重要依據(jù)：先行詞是人還選擇關(guān)系詞的兩條重要依據(jù)：先行詞是人還是物？在從句中作何種句子成分？是物？在從句中作何種句子成分？歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)先行詞先行詞人人物物作主語作主語who/thatwhich/that作賓語作賓語who(m)/that作定語作定語whosewhose/of which作狀語作狀語時間時間when地點地點wherereason后后whyway后后that/in which/- 在在限制性限制性定語從句中定語從句中which, who, whom都都可用可用that代替。關(guān)系代詞作賓語時常被省略。代替。關(guān)系代詞作賓語時常被省略

9、。 在在非限制性非限制性定語從句中定語從句中, 或者當先行詞是或者當先行詞是指人的指人的those，anyone，everyone，people， he，all，few，one (s)等時等時, 不能用不能用that引導引導。 以下情況下一般用以下情況下一般用that：當先行詞是指物的當先行詞是指物的all，little，few， much，any，anything，everything， nothing，none，the one時時, 或先行詞或先行詞被被all，little, few, much, any, every, no等修飾時；等修飾時； 先行詞是先行詞是序數(shù)詞或最高級形容詞序數(shù)詞

10、或最高級形容詞時，時，或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞(包括包括last，next)、最高級形容詞及最高級形容詞及the only，the very等等修飾時；修飾時； 先行詞包括先行詞包括人和物人和物時；時； 當先行詞是表示當先行詞是表示時間、地點、時間、地點、原因原因(且只能是且只能是reason)等等, 且這些先且這些先行詞在定語從句中作行詞在定語從句中作狀語狀語時時, 就分就分別用別用when、where、why來引導定來引導定語從句。另外，語從句。另外，when, where, why一般可用一般可用“介詞介詞+which” 替代替代, 其其中中reason后的后的why通常用通

11、常用for which替代。替代。 當先行詞是表示當先行詞是表示時間、地點或時間、地點或原因原因的詞語時的詞語時, 不一定填關(guān)系副詞不一定填關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, 只有當這些詞在只有當這些詞在定語從句中作狀語時定語從句中作狀語時, 才會用關(guān)系副才會用關(guān)系副詞。詞。時間、地點或原因時間、地點或原因的詞語在從句的詞語在從句中充當中充當主語或賓語主語或賓語時時, 則則要用要用。熟讀深思熟讀深思1. Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which ever

12、yone is clapping and appreciating your music？ “介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞(whom/which)”引導的定語從句引導的定語從句2. They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practising their music in someones house is the first step to fame.3. Later, they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in c

13、ash.4. The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.5. However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work.6. The man with whom my father is talking now is a policeman.= The man (who/whom/)my father is

14、 talking with now is a policeman.1. 在在“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞” 中中, 先行詞指人時先行詞指人時只能用只能用_, 先行詞指物時只能用先行詞指物時只能用 _; 但當介詞不直接放在關(guān)系代詞前面但當介詞不直接放在關(guān)系代詞前面, 而位于而位于定詞從句末尾時定詞從句末尾時, 先行指人時關(guān)系代詞可以先行指人時關(guān)系代詞可以用用_/_/_；先行指物時，關(guān)；先行指物時，關(guān)系代詞可以用系代詞可以用_/_,這時這些關(guān)系代這時這些關(guān)系代詞往往可以省略。詞往往可以省略。that whomwhichwho whom thatwhich2. 研析句研析句3(pay.for.)可知

15、可知, 介詞由定語介詞由定語從句中的從句中的 _與介詞的搭配關(guān)系與介詞的搭配關(guān)系來確定。由句來確定。由句1和句和句5可知可知, 介詞由定語介詞由定語從句中的從句中的 _ 來確定；有時需要來確定；有時需要根據(jù)全句的意思根據(jù)全句的意思, 綜合考慮才能確定。綜合考慮才能確定。先行詞先行詞謂語動詞謂語動詞熟讀深思熟讀深思熟讀下列句子。熟讀下列句子。1.As is known to us all, the earth moves round the sun.從所周知從所周知, 地球是圍繞太地球是圍繞太陽運動的陽運動的.which和和as引導非限制性定語從引導非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別句的區(qū)別2. David

16、, as you know, is a photographer.戴戴維是個攝影師，你是知道的。維是個攝影師，你是知道的。(不可用不可用which)3. Li Ming is late, as is often the case.李明遲李明遲到了到了, 這是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的。這是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的。(可用可用which)4. Li Ming was late, which(=and this) made Mr. Zhang very angry.李明遲到李明遲到了了,這使張先生非常生氣。這使張先生非常生氣。(不可用不可用as)5. He married her, which was unexpected.

17、他和她結(jié)婚了他和她結(jié)婚了, 這是出乎這是出乎意料的。意料的。(不可用不可用as)當先行詞是整個主句或主句的一部分時當先行詞是整個主句或主句的一部分時,這這類非限制性定語從句只能由類非限制性定語從句只能由which或或 as來引來引導。兩者的區(qū)別在于：導。兩者的區(qū)別在于：1.which引導的定語從句只能位于主句后引導的定語從句只能位于主句后,而而as引導的定語從句可位于主句前、中、后；引導的定語從句可位于主句前、中、后；歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)2. which常譯作常譯作“這這”; 而而as常譯作常譯作“正如正如”,且多與且多與see, expect, imagine, know, hope等動詞連用；

18、等動詞連用；3. 在定語從句中作主語時在定語從句中作主語時, 若用若用as, 其其謂語部分一般有謂語部分一般有be; 若謂語是不含若謂語是不含be的的行為動詞時行為動詞時, 要用要用which。4. as 引導的定語從句只表示一個眾所周知或引導的定語從句只表示一個眾所周知或意料之中的事，而意料之中的事，而which不受此限制；不受此限制；5. as常用于固定搭配中：常用于固定搭配中：as is often the case (這是常有的事這是常有的事) as we expected (不出所料不出所料)as often happens (正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣) as is kn

19、own to all (眾所周知眾所周知) as has been said before (如上所述如上所述) as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的正如上面所提到的)靈活運用靈活運用一、單句填空一、單句填空 用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。1. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _had been his teacher.解析解析: 1. 引導定語從句并在從句中作主語引導定語從句并在從句中作主語,先行詞是表示人的先行詞是表示人的an eld

20、er, 故填故填who。who2. Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.解析：解析：因兩句之間沒有連詞因兩句之間沒有連詞, 必定是填連必定是填連詞詞; 后句是定語從句后句是定語從句, 要填的詞在從句中要填的詞在從句中作地點狀語作地點狀語, 故填關(guān)系副詞故填關(guān)系副詞where。where3. .the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilome

21、ters away _ there was a garage.解析：解析：先行詞是先行詞是a small town, 并在定語從句并在定語從句中作狀語中作狀語, 用用where(=in which)引導定語從句。引導定語從句。注意注意, 先行詞與定語從句之間被先行詞與定語從句之間被some 20 kilometers away隔開了。隔開了。where4. Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.解析解析: 引導定語從句并在定語從句中作定語引導定語從句并在定語從句中作定語, 修飾

22、修飾diet, 故用關(guān)系代詞故用關(guān)系代詞whose。5. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. 解析解析: 引導定語從句并在從句中作地點狀語。引導定語從句并在從句中作地點狀語。wherewhose6. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _I met in the English speech contest last year

23、.解析解析:引導定語從句并在從句中作引導定語從句并在從句中作met的賓語的賓語, 先行詞是表示人的先行詞是表示人的students, 故用關(guān)系代詞故用關(guān)系代詞who。注意。注意: 先行詞與關(guān)系代詞之間被先行詞與關(guān)系代詞之間被in my school分隔開了分隔開了, 要注意分辨。要注意分辨。 who7. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour.解析：解析：引導定語從句引導定語從句, 用以修飾先行詞用以修飾先行詞the t

24、raining centre。where在此相當于在此相當于and there。where8. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather.解析解析: 引導非限制性定語從句引導非限制性定語從句, 并在定語從句并在定語從句中作主語中作主語, 先行詞是先行詞是village school。9. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.解析解析: 引導定語從句并在從句中作主語引導定語從句并在

25、從句中作主語, 先行詞先行詞something指事物指事物, 多用多用that。whichthat10. Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen.解析：解析：引導定語從句并在從句中作定語引導定語從句并在從句中作定語, 意思是意思是“這臺新機器的零部件這臺新機器的零部件”小得看小得看不清不清, 故用故用whose。whose11. I saw this beautiful girl, _ smile just melted me and almost instantly gave me a completely new sen

26、se of what life is all about.解析：解析：引導非限制性定語從句引導非限制性定語從句, 指指“那那個女孩的個女孩的”微笑。微笑。whose12. The long history of the Chinese Knot dates back to ancient times _ people first used knots for fastening, wrapping, hunting and fishing.解析：解析：引導定語從句引導定語從句, 指代指代ancient times。when13. In a developing country _ a vast

27、ly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources .解析：解析：引導定語從句修飾引導定語從句修飾a developing country, where 本身在從句中作狀語。本身在從句中作狀語。where14. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days.解析解析: 先行詞為地點名詞先行詞為地點名詞, 并在定語從句中作并在定語從句中作狀語。狀語。15. He _ l

28、aughs last laughs best.解析解析: 先行詞是表示泛指的先行詞是表示泛指的he時時, 關(guān)系代詞只關(guān)系代詞只能用能用who。wherewho16. Those _ want to see the movie should book the tickets in advance.解析：解析：先行詞是指人的先行詞是指人的those時，關(guān)系代詞只時，關(guān)系代詞只能用能用who。17. This is the very book _ I am looking for. 解析：解析：先行詞由先行詞由the very修飾的事物時修飾的事物時, 只能只能用關(guān)系代詞用關(guān)系代詞that。that

29、who18. He will tell you everything _ he heard about.先行詞是指事物的先行詞是指事物的everything時時, 關(guān)系代詞只關(guān)系代詞只能用能用that。19. All _ glitters is not gold. 先行詞是指物的先行詞是指物的all時時, 關(guān)系代詞只能用關(guān)系代詞只能用that。thatthat20. This is the boy _ mother is a teacher.解析：解析：作定語作定語, 指指“那個男孩的那個男孩的”母親。母親。21. Ill never forget the day _ I spent my h

30、oliday in Hawaii. 解析：解析：先行詞是表示時間的詞先行詞是表示時間的詞, 且在定語從句且在定語從句中作狀語中作狀語, 相當于相當于on which, 故用關(guān)系副詞。故用關(guān)系副詞。whosewhen22. Ill never forget the day _ I spent there.解析：解析：雖然先行詞是表示時間的詞雖然先行詞是表示時間的詞, 但在定語但在定語從句中作從句中作spent的賓語的賓語, 故用關(guān)系代詞。故用關(guān)系代詞。23. The school _ I learned English was very large.解析：解析：先行詞是表示地點的詞先行詞是表示地

31、點的詞, 且在定語且在定語從句中作狀語從句中作狀語, 用關(guān)系副詞。用關(guān)系副詞。which/thatwhere24. The school _I visited yesterday was very large.解析：解析：雖然先行詞是表示地點的詞雖然先行詞是表示地點的詞, 但在定語但在定語從句中作從句中作visited的賓語的賓語, 故用關(guān)系代詞。故用關(guān)系代詞。25. Can you tell me the reason _ you were absent today? 解析：解析：先行詞是先行詞是reason, 在定語從句中作在定語從句中作狀語狀語, 相當于相當于for which, 故用關(guān)

32、系副詞故用關(guān)系副詞why。 which/thatwhy26. The reason _ he gave for not coming was that his mother didnt allow him to.解析解析: 先行詞雖然是先行詞雖然是reason, 但在定語從但在定語從句中作句中作gave的賓語的賓語, 故用關(guān)系代詞。故用關(guān)系代詞。which/that1. The newly built caf, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after h

33、ard work.解析：解析：引導非限制性定語從句引導非限制性定語從句, of表示所屬表示所屬關(guān)系關(guān)系, the walls of which在含義上相當于在含義上相當于and the walls of it (這座咖啡館的墻這座咖啡館的墻)。which2. The settlement is home to nearly 1, 000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city.解析：解析：引導定語從句并在從句中作介詞引導定語從句并在從句中作介詞of 的的賓語賓語, 先行詞是人先行詞是人,

34、故用故用whom。of表示部分與表示部分與整體的關(guān)系整體的關(guān)系, many of whom相當于相當于and many of them (其中許多人其中許多人)。whom3. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of _are beyond our control.3. 此處的此處的most of which相當于相當于and most of them。4. The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of _were made of small

35、 diamonds4. “名詞名詞+of which”引導的定語從句。引導的定語從句。the hands of which也可說成也可說成whose hands。whichwhich5. This is the pen with _I wrote the letter.解析：解析：5. 先行詞是先行詞是the pen, 在介詞后用關(guān)系在介詞后用關(guān)系代詞代詞which。6. The man came from _ I learned the news. 解析：解析：6. 先行詞是先行詞是the man, 在介詞后用關(guān)系在介詞后用關(guān)系代詞代詞whom。whichwhom7. Here is the

36、 hero _we are proud of.解析：解析：先行詞是先行詞是the hero, 不是直接在介詞后不是直接在介詞后, 關(guān)系代詞作介詞關(guān)系代詞作介詞of 的賓語的賓語, 可用可用whom, who, that;若將若將of放到空格前放到空格前, 只能填只能填whom。8. The day _he was born on is October 10th解析：解析：關(guān)系代詞作介詞關(guān)系代詞作介詞on的賓語的賓語, 但不直接在但不直接在on后面后面, 可以填可以填which或或that。whom/who/thatwhich/that9. She was educated at Beijing

37、 university, _which she went to have her advanced study abroad.解析：解析：這里的這里的after which相當于相當于and after that, 指指“在北京大學讀書之后在北京大學讀書之后”。10. Alice asked the policeman _ whom she worked to contact her whenever there was an accident.解析：解析：搭配：搭配：work with sb.同某人一起工作。同某人一起工作。withafter11. In the dark street, t

38、here wasnt a single person _whom she could turn for help.搭配搭配: turn to sb. for help向某人求助。向某人求助。to12. I have many friends, _whom some are businessmen.解析：解析：表示部分與整體的關(guān)系表示部分與整體的關(guān)系, of whom some are businessmen相當于相當于and some of them are businessmen。13. The girl _whom my father is talking at the school gate is my elder sister. 解析解析: 由由talk with /to sb.可知?？芍?。ofto/with14. They will visit the farm _ which my brother works.解析：解析：由由on the farm可知?？芍?。15. Water is very important for us, _