初中英語音標(biāo)教學(xué)

1、初中英語國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音標(biāo)練習(xí)兒日（20個(gè)）12個(gè)前元音（4個(gè)）i:ie?后元音（5個(gè)）a:?:?u:u中元音（3個(gè)）?:?雙向8個(gè)合口雙元音（5個(gè)）ei?uaiau?i集中雙元音（3個(gè)）i?u?輔皆（28個(gè)）清輔音（11個(gè)）ptkfs8?:t?trtsh：濁輔音（17個(gè)）bdgvze?1d?drdzl1mn?jwr/i:/bee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/meet/mi:t/i/it/it/big/big/city/siti/give/giv/sick/sik/e/get/get/best/best/text/tekst/help/help

2、/?/fat/f?t/have/h?v/cat/k?t/back/b?k/hat/h?t/a:/laugh/la:f/glass/gla:s/half/ha:f/farm/fa:m/park/pa:k/?:/horse/h?:s/saw/s?:/corn/k?:n/course/k?:s/salt/s?:t/?/dog/d?g/pot/p?t/cost/k?st/what/w?t/honest/'?nist/u:/food/fu:d/moon/mu:n/rule/ru:l/loose/lu:s/noon/nu:n/u/book/buk/put/put/good/gud/would/wu

3、d/could/kud/come/k ?m/?:/? /must/m?st/does/d?z/money/'m?ni/ugly/'?gli/nurse/n?:s/bird/b?:d/burn/b?:n/turn/t?:n/girl/g?:l/better/bet?/never/nev?/worker/w?:k?/welcome/welk?m/ei/may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eid?/?u/no/n?u/home/h?um/hope/h?up/wrote/r?ut/note/n?ut/pose/p?uz/ /ai/

4、 eye/ai/ kite/kait/time/taim/buy/bai/right/rait/bike/baik/au/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/about/ ?' baut/south/sau 0/house/haus/?i/boy/b ?i/toy/t ?i/noise/n ?iz/voice/v ?s/point/p ?int/coin/k?in/i?/ear/i?/near/ni?/idea/ai ' di?/hear/hi?/mere/mi?/spear/spi?/ £ ?/ air/ £ ?/tear/t?/ care/k

5、 £ ?/dare/d £ ?/fair/f £ ?/there/e£?/u?/tour/tu?/poor/pu?/sure/?u?/moor/mu?/（停泊）your/ju?/p/pea/pi:/pie/pai/top/t?p/cap/k?p/people/pi:pl/pride/praid/b/bee/bi:/by/bai/buy/bai/black/bl?k/bear/b£?/t/let/let/sat/s?t/feet/fi:t/team/ti:m/tide/taid/d/led/led/sad/s?d/feed/fi:d/do/du:

6、/dear/di?/k/lack/l?k/take/teik/clock/kl?k/class/kla:s/weekend/'wi:kend/g/big/big/lag/l?g/glass/gla:s/gum/g?m/good/gud/guest/gest/f/face/feis/fast/fa:st/leaf/li:f/surf/s?:f/favorite/'feiv?rit/v/very/'veri/five/faiv/fever/'fi:v?/serve/s?:v/never/'nev?/0/bath/ba:0/（v洗澡）thick/Oik/mou

7、th/mau0/breath/bre0/（n呼吸）thought/0?:t/author/'?0?/truth/tru:0/e/the/e?/they/eei/that/e?t/mother/'m?e?/thus/e?s/then/een/s/face/feis/mouse/maus/cakes/keiks/caps/k?ps/likes/laiks/stops/st?ps/?Z/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/z/close/kl?uz/keys/ki:z/boys/b/1?/catch/k?t?/cheep/t?i:p/rich/rit?/watch/wt

8、?/child/t?aild/question/kwest?n/teach/ti:t?/challenge/t?lind?/d?/orange/'?rid?/large/la:d?/juice/d?u:s/job/d?b/tr/tree/tri:/try/trai/true/tru:/trouble/traubl/track/tr?k/dr/dry/drai/dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/dri?k/hundred/'h?ndrid/?/ shock/ ?W shoe/ ?u:/?she/?i:/sharp/?a:p/fish/fi/?/pleasu

9、re/'ple?/measure/'me?/television/'telivi?n/ts/let's/lets/sports/sp?:ts/puts/puts/writes/raits/seats/si:ts/dz/hands/h?ndz/birds/b?:dz/friends/freindz/beds/bedz/stands/st?ndz/h/he/hi:/hard/ha:d/him/him/heard/h?:d/half/ha:f/l/like/laik/late/leit/learn/l?:n/lead/li:d/light/lait/m/my/mai/

10、more/m?:/seem/si:m/meat/mi:t/mind/maind/men/men/n/nice/nais/wind/waind/mind/maind/rain/rein/fine/fain/7sing/si?/wing/wi7ring/ri?/long/l?beautiful/bju:t?fl/j/you/ju:/few/fju:/yard/ja:d/music/'mju:zik/student/'stju:dnt/excuse/ik'skju:z/w/work/w?:k/way/wei/well/wel/what/w?t/twelve/twelv/twi

11、n/twin/r/red/red/road/r?ud/write/rait/wrong/r?problem/'pr?bl?m/音標(biāo)綜合練習(xí)1 ./i:/i/e/?/bit/wi:k/di:l/ri?l/kid/dig/kwik/tip/zip/rid/wil/fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwillfill/pet/p?k/g?p/k?g/n?g/r?m/b?tl/sed/'h?pi/ten/red/petpackgapcapnagrambattlesaidhappytenred/'setl/tr?/di'pend/

12、settletrashdepend2 ./a:/?:/?/u:/u/a:sk/ma:sk/pa:st/fra:ns/?d/l?:n/n?:t/p?:z/f?ks/s?k/askmaskpastFranceoddlawnnaughtpausefoxsock/fa:/la:d?/ma:k/l?:d/t?:/st?:m/p?t/kr?p/02/pr?mis/farlargemarkLordtorchstormpotcropthoughtpromise/huk/lu:s/sut/tuk/mud/Oru:/pul/wud/hookloosesoottookmoodthroughpullwood3./?/

13、?/?/b?z/d?l/'h?ri/g?lf/'tr?bl/?:n/s?f/'t?:n?/'beg?/t?k/bussdullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k?:b/?:k/?'merik/'s?k?/'k?mp/s?'vei/p?'veid/p?'h?ps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps/b?:'lesk/'m?:d?/burlesquemurder3./ei/?u/ai/au/?i/

14、keip/greit/mein/pr?p?uz/'n?u?i/st?un/'?uv?/sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim/daut/'taipist/aust/m?ist/'?ist21rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster4./i?/?/u?/vi?/?'f?/d?/sk?Z/bu?n/gu?d/'ru?r?l/?'pi?/k?l?mb?/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia/m?ti?r

15、i?l/misti?ri?s/materialmysterious5./9/e/m?n0/0i:f/e?t/e?n/fei0/t?'gee?/0?k/e?m'selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves兀日曰素：/i:/【衣發(fā)長點(diǎn)】/I/【衣急促地發(fā)聲】/e/【哎發(fā)這個(gè)音的時(shí)候不要把哎”的給讀出來，嘴唇放松自然地讀】/?/【哎發(fā)這個(gè)音的時(shí)候不要把哎”的給讀出來，嘴唇扁平地發(fā)】/?:/【額發(fā)長音】/?/【額發(fā)短音】/【阿嘴巴微微地張開發(fā)出這個(gè)音就可以了】/a:/【啊嘴巴長到最大】/?/【哦急促】/?:/【哦聲音拖長】/u

16、/【烏急促】/u:/【烏聲音拖長】/eI/【有點(diǎn)像答應(yīng)人的談”的聲音】/aI/【唉】/?I/【哦喂連著讀】/?u/【嘔】/au/【傲】/I?/【衣餓連著讀】/£?/【哎餓連著讀】/u?/【烏一餓連著讀】輔音音素：/p/【普不要把口給發(fā)出來，輕音】/b/【不不要把自給發(fā)出來，濁音】/t/【特不要把6給發(fā)出來，輕音】/d/【得不要把6給發(fā)出來，濁音】/k/【克不要把6給發(fā)出來，輕音】/g/【各不要把6給發(fā)出來，濁音】/f/【福不要把u給發(fā)出來，輕音】/v/【有點(diǎn)像摩托車啟動(dòng)的聲音，嗚嗚嗚”地，但是是像發(fā)“vuvuv#,不要把U給發(fā)出來，濁音】/s/【絲像蛇吐芯子發(fā)出的那種聲音，不要把給讀

17、出來，輕音】/z/【就是/s/的濁音】/0/【牙齒咬住舌頭的輕音】/8/【牙齒咬住舌頭的濁音】/【西不要把i給發(fā)出來，輕音】/3/【衣不要把好發(fā)出來，濁音】/h/【喝不要把e給發(fā)出來，輕音】/r/【若不要把u6給發(fā)出來，濁音】/t/【七不要把給發(fā)出來，輕音】/d3/【姬不要把好發(fā)出來，濁音】/tr/【缺不要把ue給發(fā)出來，輕音】/dr/【撅不要把ue給發(fā)出來，濁音】/ts/1次不要把i給發(fā)出來，輕音】/dz/【自不要把始發(fā)出來，濁音】/m/【嘴巴閉住，然后發(fā)音，氣流從鼻子出來，濁音】/n/【嘴巴微張，舌尖頂住上顆，氣流從鼻子出來而不是從嘴巴出來，濁音】/?/【嘴巴長大，舌頭向下彎曲，氣流從鼻子

18、出來而不是從嘴巴出來，濁音】/l/【有兩個(gè)讀首。一是放在首標(biāo)結(jié)尾發(fā)嘔，濁首；而是放在首標(biāo)中發(fā)了，濁首】/w/【我不要把6給發(fā)出來，濁音】/j/【呀不要把a(bǔ)給發(fā)出來，濁音】所謂濁音，就是聲帶要振動(dòng)的音；輕音就是發(fā)出了但聲帶卻不振動(dòng)的音所有的元音都是濁音，聲帶都要振動(dòng)。1 .關(guān)于語音的幾個(gè)概念1)字母：語言的書寫形式。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u,2)音標(biāo)：詞的語音形式。3)音素：音的最小的單位。英語中有48音素。4)音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand20元音。28輔音。5)元音：

19、發(fā)音響亮，是樂音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有6)輔音：發(fā)音不響亮，是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有7)開音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音+enamebike;b)輔音+元音he,go,hi8)閉音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+輔音it9)重讀音節(jié)：單詞中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。2 .元音：(注意：下面空方括號(hào)是電腦無法輸入的音標(biāo))1)i:sea,he,see,piece,ceiling2)isit,build,miss,myth?3)ebed,desk,head,?4)?bad,land,bank,stamp?5

20、)a:car,fast,class,plant,calm,aunt?6)?hot,want?7)?:door,more,sport,ball,warm,author,court,bought,caught?8)u:good,who,blue,soup,?9)ulook,put,women,could?10)Acup,come,blood,rough?11)?:girl,work,serve,nurse?12)?cadre,ago,forget,polite,dollar,doctor,famous,Saturday?13)eicake,they,play,eight,great,?14)aib

21、ike,die,neither,light,try,find,height,eye?15)?uphone,cold,boat,soul,grow?16)auhouse,town?17)?iboy,oil?18)i?dear,idea,deer,here,fierce,?19)e?pear,care,there,fair?20)u?tour,poor,3 .容易混淆的元音1)e?bedbad;men,man;pen,pan;lendland?2)i:eirealrail;greet,great;mean,main;readraid?3)eaibetbite;redwrite;saidside,h

22、ead,hide?4)au?:househorse;loudlord;southsauce;nownor;countcorn;cloudclause?5)auAfoundfond;gowngone;downdon4 .輔音1)ppen,?2)bbed,comb?3)ttell,?4)d,day,played,wanted?5)kcold,sky,quick,school,back,accept,box?6)gbig,go,guess,language?7)mman?8)nnine,knife,autumn?9)rbank,uncle,English,sing,?10)lland,world?1

23、1)rread,write,?12)ffive,cough,laugh?13)vvoice,of?14)0think,?15)ethis,bathe?16)ssit,miss,science,case,scarf?17)zzoo,close,?18)/sure,she,social,nation?19)/pleasure,?20)hhot,who,hour?21)wwall,what,answer?22)jyes?23)t/child,teach,catch?24)d/joke,bridge,?25)tsboats?26)dzgoods?27)trtree?28)drdream5 .容易混淆的

24、輔音1)vwvetwet;vestwest;vinewine;verywell?2）s0sinkthink;sortthought;missmyth;massmath?3）zeclosingclothing;breezebreathe;baysbathes?4）n刀thinthing;sinsing;banbangwinwing;ranrang?6 .讀音規(guī)則1）重讀音節(jié)（見元音和輔音的例句）2）非重讀音節(jié)?banana,student,today,after,iorange,secret,evening,very,Monday7 .特殊讀音1）音的連讀：notatall,halfanhour

25、,Iloveyouandall.afterall2）失去爆破：goodgirl,goodstudent,goodjob,expression,school,extreme3）音的同化：thisyear,WouldyoudoitCan'tyouseeit8 .重音9 ）單詞重音A）雙音節(jié)詞a）一般在第一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀。letter,sorryb）有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前綴的詞，第二個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。a'bout,be'lieve,

26、ad'dress,de'cide,re'port,con'demn,res'pect,com'pare,in'form,dis'cuss,?im'press,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'cape,pro'duce,ex'claim,trans'late?c）有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關(guān)，一般名詞的重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上，其它的詞性在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上。&#

27、39;record,re'cord;'insult,in'sult;'conduct,con'duct;'presentpre'sent;'content,con'tent?d）有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的詞，有兩個(gè)重音。'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fifteen,'Chi'nese,'pre-'war,'post-

28、'war?B）多音節(jié)詞a）般倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.?b）有一些雙音節(jié)詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié)，但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音。'carefully,in'definite,'comfortable,con'ductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'complicated,es'tablishment,?c）詞尾有-eous,-g

29、rahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive后綴的詞，重音在這些后綴的前一個(gè)音節(jié)上。cour'teous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,ex'perience,sufficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,pro'tective?d）詞尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-es

30、e,-ette后綴的詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個(gè)次重音。enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'nese,ciga'rette?2）句子重音A）英語的節(jié)奏：（輕）-輕-重-輕-（輕）或重-輕-（輕）（輕）重B）英語句子的長短：是由句子中的重讀詞的數(shù)目決定的，而不是象漢語那樣由句子中的漢字?jǐn)?shù)目決定的。C）實(shí)詞重讀（副詞重讀），虛詞輕讀（冠詞，單音節(jié)介詞，單音節(jié)連詞，人稱代詞，反代詞，物主代詞，關(guān)系代詞，相互代詞，助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞be.D）實(shí)詞不重讀的特殊情況a）?實(shí)詞第二次出現(xiàn)Hethinksofthatas

31、achildthinks.?b）?一個(gè)名詞被第二個(gè)名詞修飾Imetherintherailwaystation.?c)?代替詞WhichbookdoyouwantThesmallone.?d)?感嘆詞中的what和howWhatagooddayitis!Howbeautifulsheis!?e)?street在專有名詞中WangfujingStreet.f)?this在這些短語中,thismorning/afternoon/eveningE)虛詞重讀的特殊情況a)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞be在句首，句尾和否定時(shí)。DoyoulikeitYes,Ido.AreyouadoctorYes,Iam.C

32、anyouhelpmeYes,Ican.?Idon'tlikeyou.Heisn'taworker.?b)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示可能，驚奇和肯定時(shí)。Theymaycomethisevening.CanitbefivealreadyHemustbeintheroom.?c)介詞在句首和句尾。Inthebox,hefoundaletter.HeisthepersonItalkedwith.?d)引導(dǎo)復(fù)合句的連詞在句首。Ifyouwish,I'llvisityou.Whenhecomes,I'lltellhim.?e)反身代詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。Hecouldn'tcomehim

33、self.?英語發(fā)音連讀的規(guī)則連讀的條件：相鄰的兩詞在意義上必須密切相關(guān)，同屬一個(gè)意群。其自然地一帶而過，不可讀得太重，也不可音。(連讀符號(hào):(1) “輔音+元音”型連讀在同一個(gè)意群里，如果相鄰兩詞中的前一個(gè)詞是以輔音結(jié)尾,拼起來連讀。I'manEnglishboy.Itisan01dbook.Letmehavealookatit.MsBlackworkedinanofficelastyesterday.Icalledyouhalfanhourago.Putiton,please.Notatall.Pleasepickitup.(2) “r/re+元音”型連讀如果前一個(gè)詞是以-r或者-

34、re結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞是以元音開頭,的元音拼起來連讀。They'remyfatherandmother.Ilookedforithereandthere.Thereisafootballunderit.連讀所構(gòu)成的音節(jié)一般都不重讀，只需順)后一個(gè)詞是以元音開頭，這就要將輔音與元音這時(shí)的r或re不但要發(fā)/r/ ,而且還要與后面Therearesomebooksonthedesk.Hereisaletterforyou.Herearefoureggs.ButwhereismycupWhereareyourbrotherandsister但是，如果一個(gè)音節(jié)的前后都有字母r,即使后面的詞以元音開頭

35、，也不能連讀。Theblackcloudsarecomingnearerandnearer.(nearer與and不可連讀)(3) “輔音+半元音”型連讀英語語音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一個(gè)詞是以輔音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞是以半元音，特別是/j/開頭，此時(shí)也要連讀。Thankyou.Nicetomeetyou.DidyougettherelateagainWouldyoulikeacupoftea?Couldyouhelpme,please“音的同化”一常把/d/+/j/讀成/dV/,didyou聽上成了/dIdVu/,wouldyou成了/wudVu/,couldyou成了/kudVu/。

36、(4) “元音+元音”型連讀如果前一個(gè)詞以元音結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)詞以元音開頭，這兩個(gè)音往往也要自然而不間斷地連讀到一起。IamChinese.Heisveryfriendlytome.ShewantstostudyEnglish.HowandwhydidyoucomehereShecan'tcarryit.It'lltakeyouthreehourstowalkthere.Thequestionistooeasyforhimtoanswer.(5)當(dāng)短語或從句之間按意群進(jìn)行停頓時(shí)，意群與意群之間即使有兩個(gè)相鄰的輔音與元音出現(xiàn)，也不可連讀。Isitahatoracat(hat與or之間

37、不可以連讀)Thereisagoodbookinmydesk.(book與in之間不可以連讀)CanyouspeakEnglishorFrench(English與or之間不可以連讀)Shallwemeetateightortentomorrowmorning(meet與at,eight與or之間不可以連讀)Sheopenedthedoorandwalkedin.(door與and之間不可以連讀)失去爆破6個(gè)爆破音有3X/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/，/g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情況下，只須做出發(fā)音的準(zhǔn)備，但并不發(fā)音，稍稍停頓后就發(fā)后面的音。(1) “爆破音+爆破音”型6個(gè)爆破音中的任意2個(gè)相臨時(shí)，前一個(gè)爆破音會(huì)失去爆破，即由相關(guān)的發(fā)音器官做好這個(gè)發(fā)音的姿勢，稍做停頓后即發(fā)后面的爆破音。Thegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.Thebi(g)busfromthefa(c)toryisful