初中英語賓語從句講解

1、賓語從句一、定義:賓語從句是在復(fù)合句中起賓語作用的從句。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同,賓語從句又可分為:以從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句、已從屬連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句、以連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。1、 that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句大多由陳述句充當(dāng)。從屬連詞that無實(shí)際意義,不在從句中作任何成分,此時(shí)從句的成分齊全,句意明確,在口語和非正式文體中that可以省略。ImextremelysorrythatIhavelostyourbook.Wereallpleasedthatwehaveonceagainovercomethedifficulty.Doyouthin

2、k(that)itwillrain?Weknow(that)weshouldstudyhard.2、 whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Whether/if引導(dǎo)的從句可視為直接引語為一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語而成,其語序由原來的倒裝語序變成陳述語序,從句前加上連詞whether或if。（1） 可用whether/if的情況通常whether/if引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句時(shí)可通用。Idontknowwhether/ifhellarriveintime.Iamwonderingwhether/iftheywouldbelieveinme.Iaskedhimwhether/ifhehadfinisheda

3、llhishomework.（2） 只能用whether,不能用if的情況A、引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語從何時(shí)Imthinkingofwhetherweshouldgoshopping.Imnotinterestedinwhethershellbeinvited.B、與ornot直接連用時(shí)Icantsaywhetherornothewillcomeontime.Idontknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.Iwonderwhetherornotweshouldmakeitclearthatwevelostthisgame.C、賓語從旬提前時(shí)Whethertheywil

4、ljoinintheWinterCampIdontcare.3、連接代詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句賓語從句可由連接代詞what,who,whom,whose,which等引導(dǎo),它們?cè)谫e語從句中可作主語、賓語、表語和定語等,因此不能省略。DoyouknowwhowillteachusEnglishterm?（作主語）Didyouhearwhatshesaid?（作賓語）作表語 )Idontknowwhosethefootballis.（Couldyoutellmewhichbookisbetter?(作定語 )4、連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句賓語從何可由連接副詞when,where,how,why及“how冊(cè)容詞

5、/副詞”短語等引導(dǎo),它們?cè)谫e語從句中作狀語等,不可省略。Wedidntknowwhenyouusuallygotoschool.1Iwanttoknowwhereheboughtthiscup.CanyoutellmehowIgettothebusstation?Pleaseexplainwhyyouwerelateforclassagain.“How形容詞/副詞”短語主要有howold,howmany,howmuch,howlong,howoften,howfar,howsoon等。Doyouknowhowoldyourfatheristhisyear?二、重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1、賓語從句的語序無論賓語

6、從句是從屬連詞還是連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo),引導(dǎo)詞總是位于從句句首,從句用陳述語序。Iamwonderingifyoucouldhelpme.Heaskedmewhenweshouldstartoutthenextday.Didyoufindoutwhereshelosthercar?2、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)賓語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)常常受到主句謂語動(dòng)詞的影響,因而在使用時(shí)要注意主從句兩部分的時(shí)態(tài),一般遵循以下原則:(1) 主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)時(shí)主句如果是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),從句可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài),不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制和影響。Iknowyoudontknowwhatithinkatall.Iknowhed

7、idnttellyouthathewouldcomethen.IllletyouknowwhetherIllcomeornotdirectlyIcheckmyplan.(2) 主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)主句如果是過去時(shí)態(tài),從句一般要用與過去時(shí)態(tài)相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidntknowwhichcountryhewasin.HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthenovelTheOldManandtheSeawhenhecamein.HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalr

8、eady.Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.特別提示:從句若表示客觀事實(shí)或真理,謂語用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Mymothertoldmethatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.3、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句謂語是表示“想,認(rèn)為”等意義的動(dòng)詞,如think,believe,imagine,suppose,expect,guess等,從句的否定一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。其反意疑問句一般與賓語從句一致,且用肯定形式。Idontthinktheyllwaittothelastmin

9、ute.Ididntbelievethatwashisfault,wasit?三、賓語從句的注意事項(xiàng)不能省略that的情況在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,連詞that只起引導(dǎo)作用,不在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分。因此在口語或非正式問題中?？墒÷?但在下列情況不能省略:1、當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,prove,feel等動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)IhavelearnedthatmostofthestudentswhoareinterestedinChinesetakeinterestinEnglish.2、當(dāng)賓語從句較長時(shí)Weallthinkthatwhatthepublicisb

10、adlyinneedofisnothingbutthedevelopmentofeconomy.3、當(dāng)主句的狀語置于動(dòng)詞與賓語從句之間時(shí)IrealizedatoncethatIhaddoneitwrongwhenshetoldmeallaboutthis.4、當(dāng)賓語從句中的狀語或狀語從句置于該從句句首時(shí)。Hetoldusthat,ifwecouldallcometohelpout,thewholesituationwouldbegettingbetter.5、當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí)WhenMarxgottoEngland,hefound,however,thathisEnglishwa

11、ssolimitedthathecouldntgoonwithhiscommonaffairs.6、當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶有多個(gè)并列賓語從句時(shí),除第一個(gè)that外,其他不可省ThentheteacherbegantotalktousabouttheFrenchlanguage,saying(that)itwasthemostbeautifultongueintheworld,andthatwemustkeepitamongusandneverforgetit.7、當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或被this,that修飾時(shí)SomepeoplethinkthatthispartofScotlandwit

12、hitslakesandmountainsismorebeautifulthantheWestofEngland.Theteachersaidthatthatwordwaswrong.8、當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞或從句時(shí)t believe that what he hadHowever,manypeoplesimplycouldnwrittenwastrue.9、當(dāng)主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí)OnceAristotlehadmadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfallfasterthatlightobjects.10、當(dāng)賓語從句被形式賓語it代替時(shí)Wall

13、consideritimportantthatchildrenshouldtakeplentyofmilkastheygrow.11、expect后接的賓語從句不能省去thatHisarticleisverygoodexpectthatthereareonlyafewunfitsentences.12、在直接引語中,引述部分把主句與賓語從句分開時(shí)“Imextremelysorrytotellyou,”themansaid,”thatyoumissedthelasttrainonceagain.”四、課堂小練1、 _whatdidheaskjustnow?_Hewondered.A.iftheywouldmeetatth