如何掌握英語口語中的語調(diào)

1、Rhythm語調(diào)Definition: Regular occurrence of stressed syllables, no matter whether it is separated by unstressed syllables or not. Stress-timed lang. sentence stress, rhythmic unit stressedHe usually reads in the evening.How to dividing rhythm unit (sense group) -unstressed syllable + stressed: Im goin

2、g home -unstressed is part of the stressed word:Go home going home Im going home -grammatical related:Give it to John.Hes older than me.For EFL: not stress every word, quicken/weaken unstressed, highlight stressed, linking, pausing Great Progress is made daily. The boy is interested in enlarging his

3、 vocabulary. She dressed. and fed the baby. She wouldve liked to have gone to the movie. She attends the University of Maryland.節(jié)奏Rhythm語言教學(xué)專家(Ledru-Menot，1957; Gassin，1990； 轉(zhuǎn)引自O(shè)rton Jane，2000）指出，導(dǎo)致許多第二語言學(xué)習(xí)者失敗的原因正是他們沒有正確地掌握目的語的節(jié)奏，同時(shí)又受到他們的母語節(jié)奏的干擾。英語是一種節(jié)奏性很強(qiáng)的語言, 英語的節(jié)奏依賴于重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)的更替。英語的句重音是話語節(jié)奏結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)，

4、“重音是由時(shí)間來控制的，不管實(shí)際上重音之間有多少個(gè)音節(jié)，說話者都要調(diào)整其話語，以確保重讀音節(jié)能及時(shí)地按節(jié)拍發(fā)出”（Orton Jane，2000），也就是說，句中的重音總在大致相等的時(shí)距出現(xiàn), 英語因此被列為“重音節(jié)拍語言”(stress-timed language)。每個(gè)英語句子所出現(xiàn)的一系列音節(jié)都有輕重、長短、快慢等有規(guī)律的更替。在說話和朗讀時(shí)，重讀音節(jié)要讀得重一些、長一些、慢一些，因此顯得清楚、響亮。非重讀音節(jié)要讀得輕一些、短一些、快一些，因此聽起來不那么清楚、響亮。重音多的語句花的時(shí)間長，重音少的語句花的時(shí)間短；兩個(gè)音節(jié)數(shù)不同的句子，只要重音數(shù)相同，念的時(shí)間大致相同, 例如:三個(gè)句子

5、的節(jié)奏模式分別表示如下(·為非重讀音節(jié)，O為重讀音節(jié)):I think he wants to go.· O · O · OI think that he wants us to go.· O · · O · · OI think it was an excellent affair.· O · · · O· · · O由此可見，各句的非重讀音雖然不同，但由于重音數(shù)相等，三句的讀音時(shí)間是一致的。只有這樣，才能產(chǎn)生美的節(jié)奏。在朗讀英語詩歌

6、時(shí)，按照這樣的規(guī)則朗讀就能體會(huì)詩歌強(qiáng)烈的節(jié)奏美。漢語語音結(jié)構(gòu)中重要的是聲調(diào)，帶有聲調(diào)的音節(jié)有音高和音長的變化，但音長的變化沒有英語明顯。漢語句子朗讀的時(shí)間長短由音節(jié)數(shù)來決定，音節(jié)長的詞用的時(shí)間長，音節(jié)短的詞用的時(shí)間短。所以，漢語是以音節(jié)計(jì)時(shí)的(syllable-timed)語言。中國學(xué)生在英語口語和朗讀過程中，體現(xiàn)出非常典型的音節(jié)節(jié)拍語言(syllable-timed language)的節(jié)奏特點(diǎn)(陳樺，2006)，喜歡將每個(gè)音節(jié)、每個(gè)詞讀得清楚，不能體現(xiàn)英語的節(jié)奏之美。Exercise 1 O OCome here. Sit down. Quite right. No, thanks. Pl

7、ease do. No good. Thats true. No more. Whos that? What for?Exercise 2 O·OTry again. Not enough. Show me yours. Do it now. Whats it for? What is that? Thats a lie. Go to sleep. Take it home. Time for bed. Exercise 3 ·O·OI think so. Id like to. Of course not. She had to. With pleasure.

8、Its broken. Im sorry. Without me. At breakfast. In winter.Exercise 4 ·O··I think it is. Id like you to. A lot of it. A friend of mine Ive paid for it. It used to be. He wants us to. Its possible.Exercise 5 O··OReading aloud Send him away. Throw it away. Give me a ring. Beaut

9、iful girl Leave it alone. What have you done?Hardly enough. What is the time? What did you do? Do it again.Exercise 6 ·O···To satisfy them. I gave it to her. Its necessary. We had to do it.A beautiful one. Ive written to them. I know what it is.Exercise 7 ·O·OI think he

10、 might. I want to know. Its quite all right.She took it off. It all for you. He locked the door.A waste of time. He had to go. Id love to help.Exercise 8 ·O··OI wanted to know. I think he might. Ill finish it now.She asked me to go. Im glad you have come.It used to be mine You promise

11、d to write.Its started to rain.Exercise 9 O···OPut it on the floor. Tell me all you know. Waiting for the train. Dont be such a fool. Hoping that hell come. Clean it with a brush. What about a drink?Exercise 10 ·O···OI think it will be fine. I wanted you to know.Th

12、eres isnt any need. It difficult to learn.We promise to be good. Ive heard of it before.You ought to go to bed. I didnt know the way.Exercise 11 ·O·O·I think he wants to. I want to meet him. I like it better.They want another. She has to practise. Its time fro supper.I dont believe yo

13、u. Shes gone out shopping. He left on Monday.Exercise 12 ·O··O··He started to talk to me. Ive borrowed another one.Repeat it again for me. A letter from Germany.He hasnt yet paid for it. The price has gone up again.Theyve all gone on holiday.Exercise 13 ·O··&#

14、183;O···I want you to write about it. Its not the one I borrowed from you. I didnt think it interesting. She doesnt want to talk about you. I think he did it beautifully.Exercise 14 O····OThroe it into the fire. Opposite the hotel.Bury it in the ground. Show me wha

15、t you have done.Tell her not to be late. Ready to go away.Exercise 15 ·O·O·OI think he wants to go. Its not the one I want.It isnt quite the same. I cant believe its true.I hope you understand. He goes to work on foot.It doesnt matter much. He practiced every day.Exercise 16 ·O&#

16、183;·O··OI think that he wants us to go. It isnt the same as before. Ive written the letter in French. The office is open at nine. Perhaps you can ring her tonight. I wanted to meet him again.Exercise 17 ·O···O···OI dont suppose youll understand my p

17、oint.We finished it the day before he came.Well fetch you in a car in half an hour.I shouldnt be surprised if they forgot.Exercise 18 ·O·O·O·I think he wants to go there. We ought to give an answer.Hes never very punctual. Id like to have another.Ive got to do some shopping. Your

18、e looking smart this morning. He studies every morning.Exercise 19 ·O··O··O··I think that he wants us to take him there.Remember to get me another one.The ambulance took him to hospital.September is best for a holiday.You must have it ready by Saturday.Exercise 20 O··O··O··When are you going