英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文寫作課件

1、寫作評(píng)分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寫作評(píng)分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)從表達(dá)和語(yǔ)言兩方面，只給一個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)，即給印象分(global/impression marking)。評(píng)分時(shí)應(yīng)給考生應(yīng)得(rewarding)分?jǐn)?shù)評(píng)定，不要扣分(penalty)方式評(píng)定。分?jǐn)?shù)可以為四個(gè)等級(jí)，即： 1）內(nèi)容完整，表達(dá)清楚；語(yǔ)言上僅有很少的錯(cuò)誤。 2) 內(nèi)容較完整，表達(dá)尚清楚；有一些語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，可以有個(gè)別句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的錯(cuò)誤。 3) 內(nèi)容大體完整，表達(dá)可被勉強(qiáng)理解；有較多的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，包括少量嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。 4) 內(nèi)容不完整，但是沒(méi)有離題；表達(dá)上有較大的困難；語(yǔ)言有很多錯(cuò)誤，包括少量嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。寫作技巧指導(dǎo)寫作技巧指導(dǎo) 常用文體： 1 商務(wù)信函

2、2 電子郵件 3 征稿啟事 4 招聘廣告 5 通知公告普通高校英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用寫作主要以測(cè)試學(xué)生應(yīng)用文寫作為主，主要包括商務(wù)信函、報(bào)告、合同、通知、履歷等等。修改完善修改完善1）從全局進(jìn)行檢查修改。主要是文章的格式內(nèi)容是否符合題目要求。2）局部檢查，即段落層次上的檢查。檢查的重點(diǎn)是段內(nèi)各句銜接是否緊湊，語(yǔ)義是否連貫，要避免使用含有歧義的句子以及不必要的重復(fù)。3）語(yǔ)言檢查，句子是否完整，語(yǔ)句是否符合語(yǔ)法。4）檢查標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。大小寫是否符合寫作規(guī)范。 總之，修改后的文章符合商務(wù)寫作的總之，修改后的文章符合商務(wù)寫作的7C 要求，即要求，即Courtesy(禮貌）禮貌）, Consideration（體諒）（體

3、諒）, Completeness（完整）（完整）, Clarity（清（清楚）楚）,Conciseness（簡(jiǎn)潔）（簡(jiǎn)潔）, Concreteness（具體）（具體）, Correctness（正確）（正確）. 書信書信 書信是重要的交際工具，普通高校高職高專應(yīng)用考試大綱要求考生能寫簡(jiǎn)短的英文書信，并對(duì)格式等作出了相應(yīng)的要求。這一類書信主要包括事務(wù)信函和私人信函。事務(wù)信函一般談?wù)摶蛱幚碇匾聞?wù)，包括諸如推薦信、謀職信、申請(qǐng)信、邀請(qǐng)信、貿(mào)易邀約和答復(fù)、感謝信、索賠信等等。所有這一類信件均為相對(duì)來(lái)講正式的文體，應(yīng)遵循一定的格式和套用禮貌語(yǔ)等。 Chapter One Letters1. Addre

4、ssing an Envelope:Notice1）The English address is rightly opposite to the Chinese one. a) When you finish each line, you can add a “comma” or omit it; but you must add it if there exists “break-up” 分解.b) Omit the name of country if it is written within the same country or city or town.c) Dont add “No

5、:” before the doorplate門牌號(hào). Dont add “,” after the number.d) “Road, Street, Avenue”（街道）can be abbreviated as “Rd. , St., Ave.”e) Different countries have their different code standard. For examples, America takes 5 digit; Australia, 4; and British takes digits mixed with letters.f) Other abbreviated

6、 words：Apt.(Apartment), Bldg.(Building), Blvd.(Boulevard), Co.(Company), Corp.(Corporation), Dept.(Department), Inc.(Incorporated), Sq.(Square), N.W.E.W.(North, South, East, West), S.E.(Southeast), N.W.(Northwest)2）The stamp must be stuck on the right top of the envelop.3）“c/o” （代表care of）. e.g.Miss

7、 Zhang Luoqi（收信人姓名）c/o Ms Sun Wenfang（轉(zhuǎn)交者姓名）Editor of the Washington Post（轉(zhuǎn)交者所在單位）136 Market St.（轉(zhuǎn)交者單位的地址）Rushville, Missouri4）The add-ons must be written on the left bottom. The usual add-ons are “_airmail_（航空信）,_registered letter_（掛號(hào)信）,_ printed matter _（印刷品）, _dispatch_（急件）, _ express_（快件）, etc.

8、.2. Structure of a letter英語(yǔ)書信的結(jié)構(gòu)：英文書信通常包括6個(gè)組成部分：信頭（heading，包括寄信人地址和日期);信內(nèi)地址（inside address，指收信人地址);稱呼（salutation）;正文（body）;結(jié)束語(yǔ)（complimentary）; 簽名（signature）;有時(shí)候還包括附言（postscript）和 附件（attachment）。 在考試中，由于篇幅所限，只要求考生在書信中包在考試中，由于篇幅所限，只要求考生在書信中包括稱呼、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)和簽名四個(gè)部分。括稱呼、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)和簽名四個(gè)部分。Two minor parts: Postscri

9、pt ; Enclosure2.1 HeadingForms of heading:a) Block Form; Indented Form（縮進(jìn)）; b) Close punctuation(封閉式，每行后用逗號(hào)，最后一行用句號(hào)); Open punctuation（開(kāi)放式，每行均不用，普遍）190 Phoenix Road, Atlanta, Georgia,U.S.A.Jan.15,2001. 190 Phoenix Road Atlanta, Georgia U.S.A. Jan.15,20011. 信頭（Heading）信頭是指發(fā)信人的地址和日期，通常寫在第一頁(yè)的右上角。行首可以齊頭

10、寫，也可以逐行縮進(jìn)寫。地址的書寫順序由小到大：門牌號(hào)、街道、城市、省（州）、郵編、國(guó)名，最后寫發(fā)信日期。私人信件一般只寫寄信日期即可。例如：123 Tianhe RoadTianhe DistrictGuangzhou 510620Guangdong ProvinceP. R. C.March 15, 2002 發(fā)信日期的寫法發(fā)信日期的寫法： 年份應(yīng)完全寫出，不能簡(jiǎn)寫。 月份要用英文名稱，不要用數(shù)字代替。 月份名稱多用公認(rèn)的縮寫式。但 May, June, July, 因?yàn)檩^短，不可縮寫。 寫日期時(shí)，可用基數(shù)詞1，2，3，4，5，28，29， 30，31等，也可用序數(shù)詞 lst, 2nd, 3

11、rd, 4th, 5th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st等。但最好用基數(shù) 詞，簡(jiǎn)單明了。 日期可有下列幾種寫法日期可有下列幾種寫法： Oct. 20, 2004； 10 May., 2004； 3rd June, 2004； Sept. 16th, 2004。其中，最為通用。Exercise: Rewrite the following address and date into a heading:California/Woodside/21st Feb. 1998/U.S.A./21 Brooke St.2) New York /504 West 94th St/N.Y./

12、24th June,1998/ U.S.A信內(nèi)地址（Inside Address） 信內(nèi)地址要寫收信人的姓名和地址。在公務(wù)信件中要寫明這一項(xiàng)，在私人信件中，這一項(xiàng)常常省略。該項(xiàng)寫在寫信日期下一行的左上角，格式與寄信人地址一樣。 寫信人地址（Address of the writer） 寫信日期（Date） 信內(nèi)（收信人）地址（Inside Address） - - 稱呼（Salutation） 正文（the Body of the Letter） -. 結(jié)束語(yǔ)（Complimentary Close） 署名 2.2 Salutation(招呼）招呼）. The salutation is di

13、rectly addresses the recipient of the letter and is followed by a colon（冒號(hào):） (except when a friendly, familiar, sociable tone is intended, in which case a comma is used). Notice:In the simplified letter format, the salutation line is eliminated altogether. Salutations with “dear” may be “Dear Dad, D

14、ear Mr. Brown, Dear Smith, My dear mother, Dear Madam, Dear Sirs, Dear Prof. Plate”; without “dear” are “Mrs. Walter, Gentlemen, To whom it may concern”, etc. If you dont know whether the recipient is a man or woman, the traditional practice has been to write Dear Sir or Dear Sirs. But thats sexist!

15、 To avoid this problem, salutations such as Dear Sir or Madame, Dear Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends, or Dear People have been tried but without much general acceptance. Deleting（刪除） the salutation line altogether or inserting To Whom It May Concern in its place, is not ordinarily a good solution

16、 either. Its impersonal. The best solution is to make a quick, anonymous phone call to the organization and ask for a name; Or, address the salutation to a department name, committee name, or a position name: Dear Personnel Department, Dear Recruitment Committee, Dear Chairperson, Dear Director of F

17、inancial Aid, for example. 稱呼稱呼（SalutationSalutation） 稱呼是對(duì)收信人的稱謂，應(yīng)與左邊線對(duì)齊，寫在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行處。在稱呼后，英國(guó)人常用逗號(hào)，美國(guó)人則常用冒號(hào)。在私人信件中可直呼收信人的名字，但公務(wù)信件中一定要寫收信人的姓。大部分信件在稱呼前加“Dear”。如：Dear Professor/Prof. Bergen:Dear Dr. Johnson,對(duì)不相識(shí)的人可按性別稱呼：Dear Sir: 或Dear Madam: Dear Ladies。如果不知收信人的性別則可用Dear Sir or Madam:2.3 Body of

18、the letter. The actual message of course is contained in the body of the letter, the paragraphs between the salutation and the complimentary close. 正文是書信的主體。與中文信件不同的是，英文書信的正文的開(kāi)頭不是先寫一些問(wèn)候語(yǔ)，再闡明寫信的目的，而是直接說(shuō)明寫信人的身份及寫信的目的，然后提出寫信人的情況、想法或要求，并加以必要的解釋或說(shuō)明。英文書信陳述目的時(shí)，應(yīng)該直截了當(dāng)，意思明確，層次清楚，言簡(jiǎn)意賅。 書信正文的第一句話或第一段，通常被稱為起首語(yǔ)。

19、一般說(shuō)來(lái)，人們習(xí)慣用一些客套的寫法作為書信正文的起始，即先將對(duì)方來(lái)信的日期、主題加以簡(jiǎn)單描述，以便使對(duì)方一看便知該信是回答哪一封信的。如果是第一次給別人寫信，也可用開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)作必要的自我介紹，并表明自己寫信的主要目的。正文寫作格式： 正文的寫作格式主要有英式和美式兩種。 1)英式結(jié)構(gòu)即縮進(jìn)式結(jié)構(gòu)縮進(jìn)式結(jié)構(gòu)，屬于比較傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu),即每一段的第一行都向里縮進(jìn)4-8個(gè)字符，且所有段落的縮進(jìn)距離必須保持一致；稱呼頂格寫，落款則在中間偏右的位置。 2) 美式結(jié)構(gòu)則是齊頭式結(jié)構(gòu)齊頭式結(jié)構(gòu)，其特點(diǎn)是所有段落的第一行都頂格寫，段與段之間空一行，另外稱呼、落款等也都頂格寫。 商業(yè)信函以及電子郵件最好使用齊頭式?？s進(jìn)式

20、：Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any

21、 inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judy齊頭式齊頭式： Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the proce

22、ss of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep thebook for about a month and a half, and I hope that would notbring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I willmaintain the book in good condition. If possible, pl

23、ease give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judy 2.4 Complimentary close. （信尾客套話）（信尾客套話）Sincerely yours , Cordially, Respectfully, or Respectfully yours,. 公務(wù)信件的結(jié)尾禮詞包含兩部分：發(fā)信人的結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)與署名。結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)寫在簽名上面一行，第一個(gè)字母要大寫，套語(yǔ)結(jié)尾后面要加逗號(hào)。 在公務(wù)信件中，發(fā)信人常用的結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)有：Truly yours, Your

24、s truly, Respectfully yours, Yours respectfully, Faithfully yours, Yours faithfully, Sincerely yours, Yours sincerely Yours truly, Yours 等。私人信件中，發(fā)信人常用的結(jié)尾套語(yǔ)有： Sincerely yours, Lovely yours, Your lovely, Your loving son / daughter等。 2.5 Signature block. Whenever possible, include your title or the nam

25、e of the position you hold just below your name. For example, Technical writing student, Sophomore data processing(數(shù)據(jù)處理) major, are perfectly acceptable.寫信人的簽名常位于結(jié)尾禮詞正下方一二行。除非是給很熟悉的人寫信，簽名一般須寫出全名。簽名常常較潦草，不易辨認(rèn)，因此在簽名的正下方須打印出全名。 2.6 Enclosures附件附件: Enclosure, Encl. e.g. Encl.: Resume and Writing Sample.

26、Example: 格式例文：格式例文：保持書信格式保持書信格式-地址，日期，稱謂，落款地址，日期，稱謂，落款2. 根據(jù)內(nèi)容確定文體根據(jù)內(nèi)容確定文體-建議，勸說(shuō)，說(shuō)明，建議，勸說(shuō)，說(shuō)明，申請(qǐng)，投訴，介紹；商榷申請(qǐng)，投訴，介紹；商榷/討論；討論； 描繪描繪/敘述；敘述；致謝，致歉致謝，致歉3. 牢記常用模版和句式牢記常用模版和句式寄信人地址,寫信時(shí)間 Lun Rinding Department of Computer Changwei College Weifang,Shandong 261000 P.R.China April 29, 2000正式信函收信人姓名,地址Mr. Brain Smi

27、th,Admissions Office,Stanford University,Stanford, Calif. 94305U.S.A.Dear Sir/Madam/Mr. Smith, 稱謂稱謂 Professor Shirley Sanderson of your university said when she was visiting our college that Stanford might be able to provide scholarships for a limited number of students from China to pursue postgrad

28、uate studies there next term. Since I expect to receive my bachelors degree in June, I would appreciate being considered a candidate. 第一段：引入第一段：引入/說(shuō)明寫信原委；或敘前誼說(shuō)明寫信原委；或敘前誼 As you will notice from the enclosed data sheet, I am especially interested in computer science. You might like to know that durin

29、g the past year I took all my elective courses in this field and wrote my thesis on traffic free city centers with computers. My knowledge and practical command of English is adequate. Ive passed TOEFL and GRE with flying colors. 第二段：此段為信的主體，提出有關(guān)建議，第二段：此段為信的主體，提出有關(guān)建議，勸說(shuō)，說(shuō)明，申請(qǐng)，投訴，介紹；商榷勸說(shuō)，說(shuō)明，申請(qǐng)，投訴，介紹；

30、商榷/討論；描討論；描繪繪/敘述；致謝，致歉等等敘述；致謝，致歉等等 I would be grateful if you could give me a favorable consideration of my application for a scholarship. 第三段：此段表達(dá)愿望第三段：此段表達(dá)愿望/希冀，進(jìn)一步要求，希冀，進(jìn)一步要求，祝愿祝愿 I look forward to hearing from you. 結(jié)束語(yǔ)結(jié)束語(yǔ) Very truly yours,禮貌落款 Lun Rinding 簽名書信作文模板書信作文模板2第一段：第一段：引入引入/說(shuō)明寫信原委說(shuō)明寫信原委

31、 Im writing in response to.(your advertisement of Oct.27 in China Daily/your suggestion/letter) *Im writing at the suggestion of a friend who *Im writing to offer my opinions on/to apologize for/complain about/apply for/recommend to *I would like to apply for.(a job/a position in your corporation) *

32、Im interested in *Im very glad/pleased to know that *Knowing that,第二段：As/Since/When,(you), Im afraid that/ I think that/My suggestion isFirstly，Secondly，Thirdly. 此段為信的主體，有關(guān)建議，勸說(shuō)，說(shuō)明，申請(qǐng)，投訴，介此段為信的主體，有關(guān)建議，勸說(shuō)，說(shuō)明，申請(qǐng)，投訴，介紹；商榷紹；商榷/討論；描繪討論；描繪/敘述；致謝，致歉敘述；致謝，致歉須以須以“我我”的口吻的口吻表述，因此應(yīng)多用表述，因此應(yīng)多用 “Im afraid, I would

33、 like to, I was pleased, I shall be glad, I expect, I wonder, I hope, I propose/advise/suggest/want, I enjoy, I guess/believe, ”之類的用語(yǔ)，或用些被之類的用語(yǔ)，或用些被動(dòng)句式如動(dòng)句式如: “We/You are(Its )supposed/assumed that.”, 另一常另一常用代詞是寫信對(duì)象用代詞是寫信對(duì)象”you”: As you will notice/find, As you know, .第三段：第三段： *Im looking forward to

34、your early reply / learning from you / your comments at your earliest convenience. *Would you please let me know whether or not you would be willing toI can be reached by phone/e-mail at65883879/ *I would be grateful if you could give me a favorable consideration of my application for a scholarship/

35、M.A.degree/the job *I hope you will /I shall appreciate it if you could give my application due consideration/consider. *Please let me know if you need any further information. *I enclose(certificates in duplicates) / Enclosed are my resume and two reference letters/documents. *With my best/kind reg

36、ards/wishes to you. /With love 1投訴信（抱怨信）投訴信（抱怨信）(Letter of Complaint) (1) 寫作方法寫作方法 首段：注意客觀禮貌首段：注意客觀禮貌自我介紹；自我介紹；引出投訴內(nèi)容引出投訴內(nèi)容表明目的要求。表明目的要求。 主體：展開(kāi)說(shuō)明投訴原因、具體理由或后果，注意主體：展開(kāi)說(shuō)明投訴原因、具體理由或后果，注意內(nèi)容充實(shí)，符合交際習(xí)慣。內(nèi)容充實(shí)，符合交際習(xí)慣。詳細(xì)說(shuō)明情況，中肯提出問(wèn)題；詳細(xì)說(shuō)明情況，中肯提出問(wèn)題；提出改進(jìn)建議，表明希望如何解決；提出改進(jìn)建議，表明希望如何解決；拓展題目?jī)?nèi)容，尤其要強(qiáng)調(diào)如何問(wèn)題不解決所帶來(lái)的拓展題目?jī)?nèi)容，尤其要強(qiáng)

37、調(diào)如何問(wèn)題不解決所帶來(lái)的后果。后果。 尾段：提出解決方案，不用展開(kāi)，注意公尾段：提出解決方案，不用展開(kāi)，注意公平公正、禮貌原則。平公正、禮貌原則。表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈愿望，希望上述問(wèn)題得到迅速恰當(dāng)表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈愿望，希望上述問(wèn)題得到迅速恰當(dāng)?shù)慕鉀Q；的解決；有時(shí)可就問(wèn)題的解決限定時(shí)間；有時(shí)可就問(wèn)題的解決限定時(shí)間；對(duì)有關(guān)人員的努力表示感謝；對(duì)有關(guān)人員的努力表示感謝；希望盡快得到滿意答復(fù)。希望盡快得到滿意答復(fù)。 (2) 寫作流程圖提出抱怨并表示遺憾提出抱怨并表示遺憾闡述問(wèn)題發(fā)生的經(jīng)過(guò)闡述問(wèn)題發(fā)生的經(jīng)過(guò)指出問(wèn)題引起的后果指出問(wèn)題引起的后果提出批評(píng)及處理的意見(jiàn)提出批評(píng)及處理的意見(jiàn)或敦促對(duì)方采取措施或敦促對(duì)方采取措施第一部

38、分：提出抱怨并表示遺憾第一部分：提出抱怨并表示遺憾套語(yǔ)：套語(yǔ)：(1) 很抱歉打擾您，但我必須鄭重提出投訴。很抱歉打擾您，但我必須鄭重提出投訴。 I am sorry to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a serious complaint.(2) 我很遺憾地告訴你投訴有關(guān)我很遺憾地告訴你投訴有關(guān).的事由。的事由。 I am sorry to tell you that there should be cause to complain about (3) 我真的很討厭抱怨，但最近有一件事情確實(shí)令人煩心。我真的很討厭抱怨，但最近

39、有一件事情確實(shí)令人煩心。 I really hate to complain, but one thing is really disturbing now.第二部分：闡述問(wèn)題發(fā)生的經(jīng)過(guò)第二部分：闡述問(wèn)題發(fā)生的經(jīng)過(guò)套語(yǔ)：無(wú)第三部分：指出問(wèn)題引起的后果第三部分：指出問(wèn)題引起的后果套語(yǔ)：(1) 噪音影響我的睡眠，使得我在上班時(shí)間無(wú)法集中噪音影響我的睡眠，使得我在上班時(shí)間無(wú)法集中精力。結(jié)果這些天我已經(jīng)搞錯(cuò)了好幾次精力。結(jié)果這些天我已經(jīng)搞錯(cuò)了好幾次 The noise disturbs my sleep so that I cant concentrate on my work during the

40、work time, and as a result, I have made several mistakes these days.(2) 在這樣（嘈雜）環(huán)境下我無(wú)法進(jìn)行研究，我需要在這樣（嘈雜）環(huán)境下我無(wú)法進(jìn)行研究，我需要一間安靜的房間。一間安靜的房間。For me this environment is very difficult to make studies and I need a quiet room.第四部分：提出批評(píng)及處理的意見(jiàn)或敦促對(duì)方采取措施第四部分：提出批評(píng)及處理的意見(jiàn)或敦促對(duì)方采取措施 套語(yǔ)：套語(yǔ)： (1) 我認(rèn)為是你認(rèn)識(shí)到我認(rèn)為是你認(rèn)識(shí)到的時(shí)候了。的時(shí)候了。I

41、think its high time that you realized . (2) 我們深知你們并不經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)，但我們希望能確保這類差錯(cuò)不再發(fā)生。我們深知你們并不經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)，但我們希望能確保這類差錯(cuò)不再發(fā)生。We know that you are not generally careless, but we should like your assurance that this will not happen again. (3) 我必須正告貴方，除非對(duì)目前狀況采取措施，否則我將被迫訴諸法律。我必須正告貴方，除非對(duì)目前狀況采取措施，否則我將被迫訴諸法律。 I must warn you t

42、hat unless you do something about the situation, I will be forced to take legal action. (4) 坦率地所，我不再準(zhǔn)備忍受這種狀況。坦率地所，我不再準(zhǔn)備忍受這種狀況。Frankly, I am not prepared to put up with the situation any more. (5) 如果您能盡快調(diào)查此事，我將不勝感激。期待您盡快回復(fù)。如果您能盡快調(diào)查此事，我將不勝感激。期待您盡快回復(fù)。 I would be very grateful if you could look into the

43、 matter as soon as possible. And I am looking forward to an early reply.范文示例：范文示例：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 25 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter to the University President about the Library Service on Campus. You should write at least 100 words, and base your com

44、position on the outline given below in Chinese:假設(shè)你是李強(qiáng)，請(qǐng)你就本校圖書館的狀況給校長(zhǎng)寫一封信，內(nèi)容假設(shè)你是李強(qiáng)，請(qǐng)你就本校圖書館的狀況給校長(zhǎng)寫一封信，內(nèi)容應(yīng)涉及圖書館的藏書數(shù)量和更新?tīng)顩r、環(huán)境、服務(wù)等，可以應(yīng)涉及圖書館的藏書數(shù)量和更新?tīng)顩r、環(huán)境、服務(wù)等，可以是表?yè)P(yáng)，可以是批評(píng)建議，也可以兼而有之。是表?yè)P(yáng)，可以是批評(píng)建議，也可以兼而有之?！緦忣}】本文可以從批評(píng)著手，成為一封批評(píng)信。題目要求中規(guī)【審題】本文可以從批評(píng)著手，成為一封批評(píng)信。題目要求中規(guī)定了要涉及藏書、環(huán)境等內(nèi)容，為作文提供了一些思路。同定了要涉及藏書、環(huán)境等內(nèi)容，為作文提供了一些思

45、路。同時(shí)注意，雖然是封批評(píng)信，但也要做到客觀，不能把圖書館時(shí)注意，雖然是封批評(píng)信，但也要做到客觀，不能把圖書館說(shuō)得一無(wú)是處。說(shuō)得一無(wú)是處。【寫作思路】【寫作思路】 第一段：第一段： 介紹寫信的目的。介紹寫信的目的。 第二段到第四段：從三方面說(shuō)明圖書館存在的問(wèn)題第二段到第四段：從三方面說(shuō)明圖書館存在的問(wèn)題 第五段：第五段： 指出圖書館給我們的幫助很大，但急需改進(jìn)指出圖書館給我們的幫助很大，但急需改進(jìn) 第六段：第六段： 結(jié)束語(yǔ)結(jié)束語(yǔ) January 6th, 2006Dear Mr. President, I am writing to express my concern over the Li

46、brary service on the campus. As a major in English, I find that most of the Books in English in the library are outdated. So far, I have not come across a single book published After 1995. As a result, we fail to get the latestinformation of academic development both at home and abroad. 開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，點(diǎn)明寫信緣由開(kāi)

47、門見(jiàn)山，點(diǎn)明寫信緣由(2) 提出第一個(gè)問(wèn)題，藏書沒(méi)有及時(shí)更新提出第一個(gè)問(wèn)題，藏書沒(méi)有及時(shí)更新(3) 指出后果，不能及時(shí)得到最新信息指出后果，不能及時(shí)得到最新信息 In addition, the light in the reading room is far from bright, which does harm to our eyes. Worse still, there is no air-conditioning and we are sweating heavily still while reading. Last but not least, the newly develo

48、ped electronic information system does not work well and needs further improvement. A great number of books should have been listed in the system. (4) 指出光線不好指出光線不好 (5) 指出沒(méi)有空調(diào)的問(wèn)題指出沒(méi)有空調(diào)的問(wèn)題 意思是意思是“更糟糕的是更糟糕的是” (6) 提出最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題提出最后一個(gè)問(wèn)題 There is no denying that the library has helped us a lot. But it is in ur

49、gent need of improvement. When improved, the library is certain to provide much more help with our study. Thank you for your time. I am looking forward toyour reply. Yours sincerely, Li Qiang(7) 客觀說(shuō)明圖書館的作用客觀說(shuō)明圖書館的作用(8) 對(duì)圖書館的改進(jìn)充滿期待對(duì)圖書館的改進(jìn)充滿期待(9) 結(jié)束語(yǔ)，期待對(duì)方的回信結(jié)束語(yǔ)，期待對(duì)方的回信2. 咨詢信咨詢信 (Letter of Inquiry) (1)

50、 寫作方法 首段首段：復(fù)述題目場(chǎng)景，表明寫作目的；復(fù)述題目場(chǎng)景，表明寫作目的；遵守禮貌原則，只問(wèn)相關(guān)信息；遵守禮貌原則，只問(wèn)相關(guān)信息；簡(jiǎn)要介紹自己，表明寫作目的。簡(jiǎn)要介紹自己，表明寫作目的。 主體：主體：詢問(wèn)具體問(wèn)題，注意疑問(wèn)句式；詢問(wèn)具體問(wèn)題，注意疑問(wèn)句式；提供背景材料及詢問(wèn)原因；提供背景材料及詢問(wèn)原因；強(qiáng)調(diào)所需信息重要性；強(qiáng)調(diào)所需信息重要性；題目要求的內(nèi)容均應(yīng)涉及。題目要求的內(nèi)容均應(yīng)涉及。 尾段：尾段：表明急切心情，提供聯(lián)系方式；表明急切心情，提供聯(lián)系方式；結(jié)尾彬彬有禮，表示誠(chéng)摯謝意；結(jié)尾彬彬有禮，表示誠(chéng)摯謝意；希望得到對(duì)方幫助和合作。希望得到對(duì)方幫助和合作。(2) 寫作流程圖1.說(shuō)明寫信

51、的目的說(shuō)明寫信的目的2.介紹背景介紹背景3.詢問(wèn)詳情詢問(wèn)詳情4. 表示謝意，期盼回復(fù)表示謝意，期盼回復(fù) 第一部分：說(shuō)明寫信的目的第一部分：說(shuō)明寫信的目的套語(yǔ)：套語(yǔ)：(1) 我是我是，暑期計(jì)劃到貴校學(xué)習(xí)。，暑期計(jì)劃到貴校學(xué)習(xí)。I am a and planning to study in your university this summer.(2) 我是一名中國(guó)學(xué)生，想到貴校學(xué)習(xí)。我計(jì)劃下個(gè)學(xué)期開(kāi)我是一名中國(guó)學(xué)生，想到貴校學(xué)習(xí)。我計(jì)劃下個(gè)學(xué)期開(kāi)始上課，如果您能告知一些必要的信息，我將不勝感激。始上課，如果您能告知一些必要的信息，我將不勝感激。 I am a Chinese student wh

52、o wishes to study at your university. My plan is to start my course from the next term, and I would be grateful if its so kind of you to give me some essential information.(3) 我寫信是要詢問(wèn)我寫信是要詢問(wèn) Im writing to ask if 第二部分：介紹背景第二部分：介紹背景套語(yǔ)：套語(yǔ)：(1) 我獲得我獲得 高校的高校的學(xué)士學(xué)位。畢業(yè)后便開(kāi)始在學(xué)士學(xué)位。畢業(yè)后便開(kāi)始在工工作。作。 I received a Bac

53、helor of degree inAfter graduation, I began working.(2) 是我的朋友建議我寫這封信的是我的朋友建議我寫這封信的 。他去年畢業(yè)于貴校，熱情。他去年畢業(yè)于貴校，熱情地向我推薦貴校。地向我推薦貴校。 I am writing at the suggestion of a friend who graduated from your university last year and has warmly recommended it to me.(3) 我已經(jīng)取得了生物學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位，并希望能在貴校繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。我已經(jīng)取得了生物學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位，并希望能在貴校繼

54、續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。 I have had a bachelors degree in biology and wish to continue my study at your university.第三部分：詢問(wèn)詳情第三部分：詢問(wèn)詳情套語(yǔ)：套語(yǔ)：(1) 您能向我介紹一下貴校的您能向我介紹一下貴校的情況嗎？情況嗎？ Could you please tell me something about your ?(2) 能否寄給我一份申請(qǐng)表及與申請(qǐng)有關(guān)的其他必要的材料？能否寄給我一份申請(qǐng)表及與申請(qǐng)有關(guān)的其他必要的材料？ Would you please send me an application form

55、 and other materials necessary for my application?(3) 您能盡快告知這些信息并郵寄給我相關(guān)表格嗎？非常感謝！您能盡快告知這些信息并郵寄給我相關(guān)表格嗎？非常感謝！ Would you please send me all the information and the forms as soon as possible? Thank you very much._ki.9.k.i8 (4) 如果你能告訴我那些必須經(jīng)過(guò)的程序，我將不勝感激。如果你能告訴我那些必須經(jīng)過(guò)的程序，我將不勝感激。 I would be much obliged to yo

56、u if you let me know the procedures I have to go through.第四部分：表示謝意，期盼回復(fù)套語(yǔ)：(1) 很抱歉打擾您，對(duì)您的友善幫助不勝感激。很抱歉打擾您，對(duì)您的友善幫助不勝感激。 Sorry to bother you, your kind help would be greatly appreciated.(2) 如果您能回復(fù)，我將感激不盡。如果您能回復(fù)，我將感激不盡。 I will appreciate it very much if you can give me a reply.范文示例范文示例Directions: For thi

57、s part, you are allowed 25 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter of Inquiry of Applying for an English Club. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese:假設(shè)你是王梅，就申請(qǐng)加入英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部給俱樂(lè)部負(fù)責(zé)人寫一封信，假設(shè)你是王梅，就申請(qǐng)加入英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部給俱樂(lè)部負(fù)責(zé)人寫一封信，內(nèi)容應(yīng)涉及自己的基本情況，并咨詢相

58、關(guān)事宜，如入會(huì)方式、內(nèi)容應(yīng)涉及自己的基本情況，并咨詢相關(guān)事宜，如入會(huì)方式、條件、會(huì)費(fèi)、活動(dòng)等。條件、會(huì)費(fèi)、活動(dòng)等?！緦忣}】：本文是一篇咨詢信，但又涉及到申請(qǐng)方面的內(nèi)容，有【審題】：本文是一篇咨詢信，但又涉及到申請(qǐng)方面的內(nèi)容，有一定的難度。寫作時(shí)，需要介紹一下申請(qǐng)的原因，然后對(duì)相關(guān)一定的難度。寫作時(shí)，需要介紹一下申請(qǐng)的原因，然后對(duì)相關(guān)事項(xiàng)進(jìn)行咨詢，最后希望早日收到回音。事項(xiàng)進(jìn)行咨詢，最后希望早日收到回音?！緦懽魉悸贰康谝欢危赫f(shuō)明寫信的目的，并介紹自身情況?！緦懽魉悸贰康谝欢危赫f(shuō)明寫信的目的，并介紹自身情況。第二段：對(duì)相關(guān)事宜進(jìn)行咨詢第二段：對(duì)相關(guān)事宜進(jìn)行咨詢第三段：希望對(duì)方給予解答。第三段：希望

59、對(duì)方給予解答。A Letter of Inquiry of Applying for an English Club October 8th,2005To whom it may concern, I am writing to you to apply for the membership of the (1)開(kāi)篇點(diǎn)名寫信緣由English Club. As a sophomore from the English Department, (2) 說(shuō)明自己的身份和I love English literature very much. I often attend the English 對(duì)

60、英語(yǔ)的愛(ài)好Corner held on Friday in the Peoples University of China andwould like to discuss various topics in English with others. I am eager to be one member of the English Club and improve further my English. I know there are some requirements, but I am not clear about the details. Is it necessary for