虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法匯總

1、初中英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解及練習(xí)英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣分為陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣、虛擬語(yǔ)氣三類(lèi)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀(guān)愿望或假想, 所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件, 不一定是事實(shí), 或與事實(shí)相 反。 條件句可分為兩類(lèi),一類(lèi)為真實(shí)條件句,一類(lèi)為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的 是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況,故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如果假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生,是真實(shí)條件句,這種情況下謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如:If time permits, well go fishing together.如果時(shí)間允許,我們就一起去釣魚(yú)。如果假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的,則是虛擬條件句。如:If you had come yesterday, you

2、would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天來(lái),你就會(huì)見(jiàn)到那位著名的教 授了。 (隱含的事實(shí)是:你昨天沒(méi)來(lái),也沒(méi)見(jiàn)到那位著名教授 。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本形式和用法在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中,主從句的謂語(yǔ)都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 1. 含有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句wish(would rather +賓語(yǔ)從句suggest ( +賓語(yǔ)從句2. 主 語(yǔ)從句 It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ 主語(yǔ) + (should +do表 語(yǔ) 從句 主語(yǔ) +is that +s + (should +do同位語(yǔ)從句 S+that +s +(should +do3. 定語(yǔ)

3、從句 It is (high time that + 主語(yǔ) + did用過(guò)去式表現(xiàn)在情況1. 時(shí)態(tài)后退型 用過(guò)去完成式表過(guò)去兩種形式 用過(guò)去將來(lái)表將來(lái)2. should+動(dòng)詞原形型內(nèi) 容 詳 述I. 含有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句時(shí) 間 條件狀語(yǔ)從句 主 句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) If +主語(yǔ) +did(were 主語(yǔ) +would/should/could/might+do 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) If +主語(yǔ) +had done 主語(yǔ) +would/should/could/might+have done 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) If+主 + should do 主語(yǔ) + would/should/c

4、ould/might+doIf+主語(yǔ) +were to +動(dòng)原注意事項(xiàng):1.倒裝句。如果條件句中含有功能詞 had , should , were 時(shí),可以省去 If ,把功能詞提前, 構(gòu)成倒裝句。2. 錯(cuò)綜條件句。 若條件句和主句動(dòng)作不存在同一個(gè)時(shí)間, 則謂語(yǔ)形式應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況而定。3. If there werent/had not been +=without4. If it were not for/ If it hadnt been for= but for5. otherwise+虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子6.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子, but+ 陳述事實(shí)的句子II. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在賓語(yǔ)從句中sb. di

5、d (希望現(xiàn)在用過(guò)去式 1. wish+that sb. had done (希望過(guò)去用過(guò)去完成式sb. would/should do(希望將來(lái)用過(guò)去將來(lái)2. would rather后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。時(shí) 間 從 句虛擬現(xiàn)在 were, did (動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去式 虛擬過(guò)去 had done虛擬將來(lái) did (動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去式 例:I would rather I hadnt said such unkind things to you. (虛擬過(guò)去Id rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning. (虛擬將來(lái)Id rather

6、you posted the letter right away. (虛擬現(xiàn)在 3. suggest+(that S+should+do表示愿望、 建議、 請(qǐng)求等主觀(guān)意向的動(dòng)詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句, 謂語(yǔ)用 should +動(dòng)詞原形, should 常常省略。這類(lèi)詞有:decide , demand , desire , insist , order , propose , suggest , recommend , requested , require等。注意:1. suggest 當(dāng) “ 建議 ” 講時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;當(dāng) “ 暗示、表明 ” 時(shí),用陳述語(yǔ)氣2. insist 當(dāng)堅(jiān)持 “

7、 看法或建議 ” 時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;當(dāng)堅(jiān)持 “ 某個(gè)事實(shí) ” 時(shí),用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 判斷改錯(cuò):(錯(cuò) Your pale face suggests that you(should be ill.(對(duì) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.(錯(cuò) I insisted that you(should be wrong.(對(duì) I insisted that you were wrong.III. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在主語(yǔ)從句中It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that 等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 should 加動(dòng)詞

8、原形, should 可省略。It is 可用的詞有三類(lèi) that (should dosuggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等a pity, a shame, no wonder等IV .虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在同位語(yǔ)從句中。某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀(guān)意向的名詞后同位語(yǔ)從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其表達(dá)形式為 (should +動(dòng)詞原形。這類(lèi)名詞常見(jiàn)的有:advice , suggestion , propos

9、al (提議 , order , demand, desire , request , requirement , recommendation (推薦 , plan , resolution (決議 , idea等。eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should be put off.V . 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在表語(yǔ)從句中。某些表示建議、 請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀(guān)意向的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 表語(yǔ)從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 其表達(dá)形 式為 (should +動(dòng)詞原形。這類(lèi)名詞常見(jiàn)的有:advice , suggestion , proposal ,

10、 order , demand, desire , request , requirement , recommendation 以及 plan , idea , resolution 等。eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (shouldpresent the prizes.VI . 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在定語(yǔ)從句中It is(about /high time +that sb.did sth/should do sth.eg. Dont you think its about time we went home?注:在 this is the first time

11、 /second time that. . .句型中,從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣完成時(shí) 態(tài)。eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong?VII. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在讓步、方式、目的狀語(yǔ)從句中1.在帶有 even if/ even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,主句和從句都用虛擬 語(yǔ) 氣 , 動(dòng) 詞 形 式 與 含 有 非 真 實(shí) 條 件 句 的 虛 擬 語(yǔ) 氣 相 同 。 如 : Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病,他倆去辦

12、公室。 2. 由 as if或 as though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句表示比較或方式時(shí)。 從句謂語(yǔ)形式為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 (be用 were 或 “had 十過(guò)去分詞 ” 。 如 : He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那樣對(duì)待我, 好像我 是陌生人似的。 She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?就好像 她確實(shí)看過(guò)一樣。3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在 lest (唯恐、免得 , for fear that及 in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中。 在由 lest 等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中需用

13、虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示 “ 以防,以免 ” 等意思,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多由 should +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成, should 也可省略。eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again.VIII .虛擬語(yǔ)氣用情感語(yǔ)言中1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表示客氣、遺憾以及祝愿等場(chǎng)合中,使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。eg.You shouldnt have been following him so closely; you should have kept your distance. 2. If only sb./sth. +時(shí)態(tài)后退型的謂語(yǔ)eg. If only I ha

14、d known the result of the examination.IX. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特殊用法:1. 省掉 if 的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu):Had you asked me, I would have told you.(=If you had asked me,2.有時(shí)虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、 分詞、 介詞、 名詞、 連接詞或定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示, 如:A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend, he would.3. 有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致,如:If he had f

15、ollowed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.虛擬語(yǔ)氣練習(xí)題:1. If you were old enough, I _ you to go there yesterday.A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed2. The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once.A. had brough

16、t B. should have brought C. brought D. bring3. _I you, I would go with him to the party.A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were4. It is strange that such a thing _ in your class.A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened5. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse.A. had tri

17、ed B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try6. If he _ to the teacher attentively, he _ the answer to the problem now. A. had lis tened, would have known B. listened, would knowC. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know7. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ your birthday party.A. atte

18、nded B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended8. If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew9. The two strangers talks as if they _ friends for years.A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been10. It is high time we _ up

19、 our results.A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum11 The librarian insists that John _ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed.A. will take B. took C. take D. takes12. But for the guidance of our instructor(導(dǎo)師 , we _ in the experiment.A. shouldnt succeed B.

20、 could not have succeededC. will not succeed D. should not have succeeded13. Its about time people_ notice of what women did during the war.A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take14. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on worldhistory.A. hadnt read B. hasnt read C. wouldnt

21、 read D. didnt read15. Isnt it about time that you _ to pick up the visitors from New York?A. had gone B. should go C. go D. will go16. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free immediately. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set17. Your advice

22、that_ till next week is reasonable.A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited18. It was essential that we_ lease(條約、合同 before the endof the month.A. sign B. signed C. had signed D. were signing19. I wish that I _ with you last night.A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone20. He s

23、peaks Chinese so fluently as if he _a Chinese.A. were B. had been C. is D. has been21. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages.A. has been B. was C. is D. had been22. It is important that the TOEFL _office your registration.A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm23.

24、 If I had seen the movie, I _you all about it now.A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told24. I had hoped that John _a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months. A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend25. Id rather you anything about it for the time being.A.

25、 do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt26. Everybody has arrived. Its time we the class.A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. should start27. the English examination I would have gone to the concert last SundayA. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for28.When a pencil is partly in a glass

26、of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken29. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books onworld history.A. hadnt read B. hasnt read C. wouldnt read D. didnt read30. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the su

27、n _round the earth .A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling31._ the fog, we should have reached our destination.A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for32. But for the guidance of our instructor(導(dǎo)師 , we _ _ in the experiment.A. shouldnt succeed B. could not have succee

28、dC. will not succeed D. should not have succeeded33. The Law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year.A. has B. had C will have D. have34. I recommended that the student _ his composition as soon as possible.A. finishing writing B. should finish the writing C. finish writing D.

29、finished writing 35. I would have called you up for help had it been possible, but I _ your phone number th en.A. hadnt had B. didnt have C. shouldnt have D. couldnt have36.Without electricity human life _ quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be37.I wish I_ you yesterda

30、y.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see38.Had you listened to the doctor, you_ all right now.A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been39._ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave40.He is talking so much about America as if he_ thereA. had been B. has been C. was D. been41.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water. It looks as if it_.A. breaks B. had broken C. were br