高中英語虛擬語氣與倒裝句

1、高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：虛擬語氣在條件從句中的用法 發(fā)布:佚名 時間:2009-12-16 10:41:00 來源:京翰教育中心 錄入:李 人氣:351 【文字：大 小】 語氣的定義和種類 l、語氣：語氣是動詞的一種形式，它表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。 2、語氣的種類： (1陳述語氣: 表示動作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如：We are not ready. 我們沒準(zhǔn)備好。What a fine day it is!多好的天氣啊! (2祈使語氣: 表示說話人的建議、請求、邀請、命令等。如: Open the door, please。請打開門。 (3

2、虛擬語氣: 表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就學(xué)英語了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！ 虛擬語氣在條件從句中的用法 條件句有兩類，一類是真實(shí)條件句，一類是虛擬條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實(shí)條件何。在這種真實(shí)條件句中的謂語用陳述語氣。如: If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我們就去公園。 如果假設(shè)的情況是過去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的，或?qū)聿淮罂赡馨l(fā)生的，

3、則是虛擬條件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天見到你，他會問你這件事的。(事實(shí)上他昨天沒見到你，因此也未能問你這件事。 在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣?，F(xiàn)將虛擬條件從句和主句的動詞形式列表如下: 從 句 主 句 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 動詞的過去式（be的過去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 動詞原形 與過去事實(shí)相反 had + 過去分詞 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 過去

4、分詞 與將來事實(shí)相反 動詞過去式，should + 動詞原形，were to + 動詞原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 動詞原形 注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美國英語中，should常被would代替；從句中的should 可用于各種人稱。 l、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在這兒 ，一切都沒問題了。 2、表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如: If you had taken my advice，you wouldn

5、t (couldnt have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建議去做，你一定不會(不可能考試不及格。 3、表示與將來事實(shí)可能相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能去看望我奶 奶。If it were to snow this evening, t hey would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他們將不出去了。 4、有時條件從句中的動作和主句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致（表示錯綜時間的

6、虛擬語氣），這時動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。例如: If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你當(dāng)初聽了醫(yī)生的話，身體現(xiàn)在就好了。(從句動作指過去，主句動作指現(xiàn)在 5、虛擬條件句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成下列形式: (l省略連詞if。在書面語中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把這幾個詞放到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。例如: Should he come (If he should come, tell him to ring me up. 他要是來了，讓他給我打個電話。We

7、re I you (If I were you, I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做這事。 (2用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。有時假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表示出來，而是通過介詞短語來表示。如: Without air (If there were not air, there would be no living things. 如果沒有空氣的話，就不會有生物了。But for your help (If it hadnt been for your help I couldnt have done it. 要是沒有你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事。 假設(shè)的情況有時可以通過上下

8、文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來。如: I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadnt been busy that day, I would have gone there with them. 我那天很忙，否則，我就和他們一起去那兒了。(如果我那天不忙的話，我就；I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadnt been ill, I would have finished the work. 我本來該完成這項(xiàng)工作的

9、，但我生病了。(如果我沒生病的話，我就會完成 6、省去條件從句或主句：表示虛擬語氣的主句或從句有時可以省略，但其含義仍可以推知。 (1省去條件從句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了If you had wanted to(事實(shí)是:你自己沒洗衣服，因?yàn)槟悴幌胂础?(2省去主句(常用以表示愿望。如: If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母與我在一起多好啊!(事實(shí)是:祖母已不在世。；If only she had not left! 如果她沒走就好了!(事實(shí)是:她已經(jīng)走了

10、。 高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：虛擬語氣的多種用法 發(fā)布:佚名 時間:2009-12-16 10:41:00 來源:京翰教育中心 錄入:李 人氣:312 【文字：大 小】 虛擬語氣的多種用法 l、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法：在It is important (strange，natural，necessarythat這類句型里，that所引導(dǎo)的主語從句中的謂語動詞常用 should十動詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某事是重要、奇怪、自然、必要等意義。如: It is important that every member (should inform himself of these rules. 重要 的是每個成員知道

11、這些規(guī)則。 2、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中用法： (1在動詞wish后的賓語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實(shí)相反，或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，從句通常省略連詞that。1表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:從句動詞用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式(be動詞一般用were。如: I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道這個問題的答案。(可惜不知道；2）表示對過去情況的虛擬:從句動詞常用had十過去分詞。如: I wish (wished I hadnt spent so much money. 我后悔不該花那么多錢。(實(shí)際上已經(jīng)花掉；3表示對將來的主觀愿望:謂語動詞形式為would十

12、動詞原形。此時要注意，主句的主語與從句的主語不能相同，因?yàn)橹骶涞闹髡Z所期望的從句動作能否實(shí)現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意愿(非動物名詞除外。如: I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止；I wish you would come soon. 但愿你立刻來。 (2在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用should + 動詞原形，表示建議、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he (should answer me immediately. 我

13、要求他立刻答復(fù)我。 3、虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法 (1在帶有even if/ even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動詞形式與含有非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬語氣相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office. 即使生了病，他倆去辦公室。 (2由as if或as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時。從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were或 had十過去分詞。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那樣對待我，好像我是陌 生人似

14、的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?，就好像她確實(shí)看過一樣。 注:如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。 (3在in order that或so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，謂語動詞多用 could或might（有時也用should）+ 動詞原形。如: Mr green spoke slowly so that his students could (might hear clearly. 格林先生說得很慢，好讓學(xué)生聽清楚。 4、虛擬語氣在定語從句中的用法：在It is

15、 time (that 句型中，定語從句的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣表示將來，動詞形式一般用過去式，意思是該干某事的時候了。如: Its (high time we did our homework. 我們該做作業(yè)了。 5、虛擬語氣在簡單句中的用法 (1情態(tài)動詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌，或委婉的語氣，常見于日常會話中。如: It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好別太晚睡覺。 (2在一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)中。如: I would rather not tell you. 我寧愿不告訴你。 (3用may + 動詞

16、原形表示祝愿、但愿，此時may須置于句首（多用于正式文體中）。如：May you be happy!祝你快樂！May good luck be yours.祝你順利。 高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：虛擬語氣用法練習(xí) 發(fā)布:佚名 時間:2009-12-16 10:41:00 來源:京翰教育中心 錄入:李 人氣:398 【文字：大 小】 1. If I _ where he lived, I _ a note to him. A. knew, would B. had known, would have sent C. know, would send D. knew, would have sent 2. If

17、 they _ earlier than expected, they _ here now. A. had started, would be B. started, might be C. had started, would have been D. will start, might have been 3. I didnt know his telephone number. _ it, I _ then. A. Had I known, would ring him up B. Should I know, would have rung him up C. If I knew;

18、would ring him up D. Had I known; would have rung him up 4. Mary is ill today. If she _ , she _ absent from school. A. were not ill; wouldn t be B. had been ill; wouldnt have been C. had been ill; should have been D. hadnt been ill; could be 5. Were I to do it, I _ it some other way. A. will do B. w

19、ould do C. would have done D. were to do 6. I _ him the answer _ possible, but I was so busy then. A. could tell; if it had been B. must have told; were it C. should have told; had it been D. should have told; should it be 7. Without your help, we_ so much. A. won t achieve B. didn t achieve C. dont

20、 achieve D. wouldnt have achieved 8. You didnt take his advice. _ his advice, you _ such a mistake. A. Had you taken; wouldnt have made B. If you had taken; would make C. Were you lo take; shouldn t have made D. Have you taken; won t have made 9. We wish we _ what you did when we were at high school

21、. A. did B. could have done C. have done D. should do 10. She wishes she _ to the theatre last night. A. went B. would go C. had gone D. were going 11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he _ be tall when he grows up. A. could B. should C. would D. were able to 12. My sister advised me th

22、at I _ accept the invitation. A. could B. must C. should D. might 13. He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there. A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given 14. Do you think of Wang Fangs suggestion that he _ Mr. Li to the party? A. will invite B. have invited C

23、. is invited D. invite 15. I insisted that he _ at once. A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go 16. Li Ming insiste d that he _ anything at all. A. hadn t stolen B. shouldn t steal C. doesn t steal D. steal 17. It is quite natural that my coming late again _ them very angry. A. had made B. would m

24、ake C. makes D. make 18. He acted as if he _ everything in the world. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. wont know 19. Read it aloud so that I _ you clearly. A. may hear B. will hear C. hear D. have heard 20. They got up early in order that they _ they first train. A. caught B. will catch C. might cat

25、ch D. shall catch 21. I am sorry that he _ in such poor health. A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be 22. That is a good book. You _ it yesterday. A. could buy B. should buy C. should have bought D. bought 23. It is high time we _ home. A. will go B. would go C. have gone D. went 24. I d rather th

26、at you _ home. A. went B. have gone C. will go D. had gone 25. If only I _ to the lecture! A. listen B. will listen C. am listening D. had listened 26. - If he_ , he _ that food. - Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken

27、 C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 27.I didn t see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 28. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have bee

28、n D. would be 29. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give 30. If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. d

29、o not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to 31. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted that he _ home. A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay 32. Mr. Smith insisted that he _ the work all. A. had done B. have done C. did D. so 33. Jane would never have gone to the party _ that Mar

30、y would come to see her. A. has she known B. had she known C. if she know D. if she has known 34. If you had enough money, what _ ? A. will you buy B. would you buy C. would you have bought D. will you have bought 35. If you _ that film late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A. didnt see B. have

31、nt seen C. wouldnt have seen D. hadnt seen 36. Our monitor requested that _. A. all the class studied more carefully the problem B. the problem was more carefully studied C. with great care the problem could be studied D. all the class study the problem more carefully 37. - Would you have called her

32、 up had it been possible? - Yes, but I _. busy doing my homework. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 38. His tired face suggested that he _ really tired after the long walk. A. had been B. was C. be D. should be 39. It is important that we _. A. shall close the window before we leave B. will clo

33、se the window before we leave C. must close the window before we leave D. close the window before we leave 40. I didnt know his telephone number, otherwise I _ him. A. had telephoned B. would telephone C. would have telephoned D. telephone 語法復(fù)習(xí)十：動詞的語氣-虛擬語氣 15 BADAB 610 CDABC 1115 CCDDB 1620 ADAAC 21

34、25 DCDAD 2630 BDDAA 3135 DABBD 3640 DABDC 高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：倒裝句 發(fā)布:佚名 時間:2009-12-7 18:08:00 來源:京翰教育中心 錄入:李 人氣:578 【文字：大 小】 英語最基本的語序是主語在前，謂語動詞在后。但有時由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，就要采用倒裝形式。將謂語動詞完全移到主語之前稱為完全倒裝，只將助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放到主語之前稱為部分倒裝。強(qiáng)調(diào)性倒裝和以so, neither, nor開頭的句子是高考例題的熱點(diǎn)。 （一）倒裝句的意義 1、適應(yīng)一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，主要是指疑問句句型結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。 e.g. May I come in

35、? Was the Peoples Liberation Army founded in 1927? 2、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一部分，而把這部分放到句首，構(gòu)成倒裝。 e.g. Never have I been late for school this term. So early did he come to school that no other students came. （二）倒裝的使用情況 1、在 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)里，there是引導(dǎo)詞，主語在be后。 e.g. There is a box on the table. 2、在疑問句中。 e.g. Is she singing in

36、the classroom? What does your mother do? 3、在here, there等副詞開頭的某些句子里（要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)）。如果主語是人稱代詞，主語和主要動詞的詞序不變。（完全倒裝） e.g. There goes the bell. Here is an apple for you. There she comes. 4、重復(fù)倒裝句型，用在以so, nor, neither開頭，表示謂語所述的情況也適用于另一個人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示也一樣、也這樣；nor, neither用于否定句，表示同樣也不，也不這樣。 e.g. I am watc

37、hing TV. So is she. My parents didnt watch TV last night. Neither (Nor did I. 5、直接引語的全部或一部分放在 句首時，主句中的主謂也常直接倒裝。（完全倒裝） e.g. Very well, said the French student. Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please. said he. 高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：倒裝句習(xí)題練習(xí) 發(fā)布:佚名 時間:2009-12-7 18:08:00 來源:京翰教育中心 錄入:李 人氣:1189 【文字：大 小】 1. Not until

38、I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized 2. Only by practising a few hours every day _ be able to master the language. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you 3. If you dont go, neither _. A. shall I B. do I C. I do D. I

39、 shall 4. No sooner _ to the station _ the train left. A. had I got, when B. I had got, than C. had I got, than D. did I get, when 5. - Your father is very strict with you. - _. He never lets off a single mistake of ours A. So he is B. So is he C. He is so D. So does he 6. _ today, he would get ther

40、e by Sunday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave 7. Never in my life _ such a thing. A. I have heard or have seen B. have I heard or seen C. I have heard or seen D. did I hear or see 8. - Here _! Where is Xiao Liu? - There _. A. comes the bus, is he B. comes the bu

41、s, he is C. the bus comes, is he D. the bus comes, he is 9. _ , I will not buy it. A. Much as do I like it B. As much I like it C. Much as I like it D. As I like it much 10. - I like football. I dont like volleyball. - _. A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So it is with me D. So is it with me 11._ the ex

42、pense, I _ to Italy. A. If it were not, go B. Were it not for, would go C. Werent it for, will go D. If it hadn t been, would have gone 12. So _ in the darkness that he didn t dare to move an inch. A. he was frightened B. was he frightened C. frightened he was D. frightened was he 13.-In modem times, girls like beautiful clothes. -Yes, _ and boys. After all, our life has greatly improved. A. so do they; so do you B. so they do; so you do C. so do they; so you do D. so they do; so do you 1