人教版八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)各單元語法點(diǎn)匯總

1、人教版八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)各單元語法點(diǎn)匯總Unit 1 What s the matter?一、 詢問某人的健康問運(yùn)及遭到麻煩的表達(dá)方法(1)詢問某人患了何種疾病或遇到了何種麻煩時(shí)，常用以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)：Whats the matter (with sb )?（某人）怎么了？Whats wrong (with sb )?（某人）怎么了？Whats the trouble (with sb)?（某人）出什么事了？What happened (to sb)?（某人）發(fā)生了什么事？Are you OK?你沒事吧？Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事嗎？(2)要表

2、達(dá)身體疼痛或不舒服，可用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：某人 +have/has+病癥The twins have colds雙胞胎感冒了。某人 +have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.She had a stomachache last night她昨晚肚子痛。某人 +have/has+a+sore+發(fā)病部位 He has a sore throat他喉嚨痛。某人 +hurt(s)+身體部位或反身代詞 He hurt his leg.他的腿受傷了。某部位 +hurt(s).My head hurts badly我頭痛得厲害。某人 +h

3、ave/has+a pain+in ones+身體部位， I have a pain in my chest我胸口痛。 (There is)something wrong with ones+身體部位There is something wrong with my right eye我的右眼有毛病。其他表達(dá)方式She has a heart trouble她有心臟病。He got hit on the head他頭部受到了撞擊。She cut her finger她割破手指了。二 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should 的用法1Should 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“應(yīng)該；應(yīng)當(dāng)” ，否定式為 shouldnt，其后接

4、動(dòng)詞原形，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。常用來表示征詢意見、建議、勸告、要求或義務(wù)等。 You should drink hot water with honey你應(yīng)該喝加有蜂蜜的開水。He should put his head back他應(yīng)該把頭后仰。We should try our best to help him我.們應(yīng)當(dāng)盡力去幫助他。 You shouldnt watch TV.你不應(yīng)該看電視。2Should 用于主語為第一人稱的疑問句，表示征詢意見。 Should I put some medicine on it?我應(yīng)當(dāng)給它敷上藥嗎？ Should we tell her about it

5、?我們應(yīng)該告訴她這件事嗎？【拓展】在英語中，表示建議的說法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重點(diǎn)。主要結(jié)構(gòu)有： Would you like (to do) sth？你想要愿意（做）某事嗎？ Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一起打籃球嗎？ Shall I/we do sth ?我我們做 , 好嗎？Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我們?nèi)?dòng)物園，好嗎？ Why not do sth ?為什么不 , 呢？Why not join us?為什么不加入到我們當(dāng)中來呢？ How/What about doing st

6、h ?做某事怎么樣？How about going swimming?去游泳怎么樣？ Lets do sth讓我們做 , 吧。 Letsgo home咱們回家吧。 Youd better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。Youd better not go there alone你最好不要一個(gè)人去那兒。1Unit 2 I'll help clean up the city parks動(dòng)詞不定式A. 作主語為避免句子的頭重腳輕，常用it 作為形式主語，而真正的主語動(dòng)詞不定式后置。常用句型： It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It

7、takes sb. some time to do sth.B. 作賓語動(dòng)詞want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare 常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。C. 作（后置）定語常用于“have/hassth.to do”或“ enough名 to do”“It s time to do sth.”等結(jié)構(gòu)中。D. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call 等可接帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成 tell/ask/want /call/invi

8、te sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)?！咀⒁狻?動(dòng)詞不 定式作 使 役動(dòng) 詞和感 官動(dòng)詞 的賓語 補(bǔ)足語 時(shí)應(yīng)省 去 to ：“一 感 (feel) ， 二聽 (listen to, hear)，三讓 (let, make, have,，四看 (look at, see, watch, notice)，半幫助 (help)”。E. 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞，表示目的，結(jié)果或原因。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，有時(shí)可以把動(dòng)詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加 in order (to) 或 so as (to)“為了，目的是” 。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有 too + adj./adv. + to do sth等.。F.

9、 固定句式中動(dòng)詞不定式的用法 常見的形式有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth等.?。Unit 3 Could you please clean your roomCould you please.?句型（ 1）請(qǐng)求別人時(shí)通常用此句型，也可以說： Can you.please?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could 或 can 在這里均表示請(qǐng)求，在意思上無區(qū)別，但是用 could 在于其上顯得更委婉、客氣、誠(chéng)懇。在日常生活中常使用 could you/

10、I.? 若在句末加上 please，則顯得更禮貌。Could you help me find my book,please?你能幫我找到我的書嗎？（ 2）對(duì) could you/I.?的問句作出肯定回答，常用“ sure/certainly/of course”等；如果作否定回答，常用“ sorry 或 oh,please dont”。 一般不用 no 開頭，用 no 顯得語氣生硬、不禮貌。（ 3）表示請(qǐng)求的句式：Would you like to do.?Would you mind doing.?Lets do.Shall I/we do.?Please do.祈(使句前加 please

11、)提示：could you please.與 could I Please.兩種問句，前者是請(qǐng)求別人幫忙的句式， 后者是有禮貌地向別人請(qǐng)求允許的交際用語。試比較：Could you please help me?請(qǐng)你幫我一下好嗎？Could I please invite my friends to my birthday party,Mom? 媽媽， 我能邀請(qǐng)我的朋友參加我的生日聚會(huì)嗎？Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents?1.提建議向別人發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)， 請(qǐng)求，建議，或征求某人的意見的其他表達(dá)方式： How /what about doing

12、 sth.? （ about 是個(gè)介詞，可跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞） “ 怎么樣？”Youd better (not) do something“.你最好（不）做某事”Would you like sth?:“你想要某物 Let?s do sth?What should I do? ( should 表示請(qǐng)求、征詢對(duì)方意見)2.學(xué)會(huì)談?wù)搯栴}和學(xué)會(huì)用 why don't you 提建議向別人發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求，建議，或征求某人的意見的表達(dá)方式：Why don?t you do something? =Why not do something?你為什么不做某事呢？來表示請(qǐng)求、征詢對(duì)方意見 until,

13、so that ,although引導(dǎo)的狀語從句：1)until ：在帶有 till 或 until 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含義是“一直到 時(shí)”，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果主句用否定式，其含義是“直到 才 ” , “在 以前不 ” , 謂語動(dòng)詞可用瞬間動(dòng)詞。 Don?t get off until the bus stops.22）so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句（為了，以便）例如：He studies hard so that he could work better in the future3）although 的用法意思相當(dāng)于though（盡管，雖然），引導(dǎo)讓步

14、狀語從句。引導(dǎo)的從句不能與并列連詞 but，and，so 等連用，但可以和 yet，still 等詞連用。例如：Although he was tired, he went on working.盡管他很累，但是他繼續(xù)工作。Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came？過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 基本概念：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這一特定的過去時(shí)間除有上下文暗示以外 , 一般用時(shí)間狀語來表示。2. 結(jié)構(gòu) was / were ( not ) + 動(dòng)詞 -ing3. 句式肯定式：I/He/She/It was worki

15、ng. We/You/They/ were working.否定式 :I/He/She/It was not working.We/You/They/ were not working.疑問式和簡(jiǎn)略回答 :Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I was not. Was he/she/ it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not. Were we/you/they working? Yes, you/we

16、/they were. N o, you/we/they were not. 注：1) was not 常縮略為 wasnt; were not ?？s略為 werent。2) 一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法的比較 : 一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) , 而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如 :David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大衛(wèi)昨晚給他的朋友寫了封信。(信寫完了。 )David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大衛(wèi)昨晚一直在給

17、他的朋友寫信。(信不一定寫完。 )4.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)中的when 和 whilewhen, while 區(qū)別：1) 由 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)； 由 while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。When the teacher came in, we were talking.當(dāng)此句改變主從句的位置時(shí)，則為：While we were talking, the teacher came in.2)如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，兩句都用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用while 引導(dǎo)。如：They were singing while we

18、 were dancing.Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains1. unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句unless = ifnot 除非，若不They will go tomorrow unless it rains.= They will go tomorrow if it doesn trains.2. as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。 就He will come and see you as soon as he can.3. so.that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句句型 1：主語 +謂語 +so+形容詞 /副詞 +that 從句The wi

19、nd was so strong that we could hardly move forward.句型 2： so +形容詞 + a/an + 單數(shù)名詞 + that 從句It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.句型 3. so + many/ few + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + that 從句He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.句型 4： so +much/ little + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that 從句3I had so little money that I couldntb

20、uy a pen.Unit 7 What s the highest mountain in the world?形容詞副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)（一）原級(jí)句型：1. A is as+原級(jí) + as+ B 表示 A 與 B 一樣 eg: He is as tall as me.2.A is not as/so +原級(jí) + as B 表示 A 不如 Beg:He is not as tall as me.3.只能修飾原級(jí)的詞， very，quite， so，too，so, enough, pretty等例如， He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再繼續(xù)走了。（

21、二）比較級(jí)句型可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞， much， a lot，far， 的多 a little ，a bit， 一點(diǎn)兒 even甚至， still 仍然 Eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two第.一課比第二課容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before湯.姆甚至比以前更年輕。1.當(dāng)句中有 than 時(shí)則用比較級(jí)。eg: He is fatter than me.2當(dāng)句子中的比較對(duì)象為兩者時(shí)用比較級(jí)： “特殊疑問詞 +be+形容詞比較級(jí)， A or B ？” eg: Which is bigger，the ear

22、th or the moon？哪一個(gè)大，地球還是月球？3. “比較級(jí) +and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來越 ” 。eg.The flowers are more and more beautiful花.兒越來越漂亮。加 more 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)的形容詞則用 more and more +形容詞表示越來越 eg: English is more and more important.4. “the+比較級(jí)， the+比較級(jí)”表示“越 ，越 ” 。Eg. The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.5.“ A+be+the+形容詞比較級(jí) +o

23、f the two+ ”表示“ A 是兩者中較 的” 。Eg.Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.6.A+be+形容詞比較級(jí) +than+any other+單數(shù)名詞 (+介詞短語 )” 表示“ A 比同一范圍的任何一個(gè)人 / 物都 ”，含義是“ A 最 ”。Eg. The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.（三）最高級(jí)常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)1“主語 +b

24、e+the+形容詞最高級(jí) +單數(shù)名詞 +in/of 短語”表示“ 是 中最 的” 。eg： Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.This apple is the biggest of the five.2“主語 +be+one of the+形容詞最高級(jí) +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +in/of 短語”表示“ 是 中最 之一” 。Eg：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.3“特殊疑問詞 +be+the+最高級(jí) +A ，B，or C？”用于三者以上eg Which is the big

25、gest? The moon,the sun or ths earth?4.“ the +序數(shù)詞 +最高級(jí) +單數(shù)名詞 +范圍”。表示 是第幾大（ ）eg: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .【注意】形容詞最高級(jí)之前要加 the，但當(dāng)最高級(jí)之前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格時(shí)則不用加 theeg: He is the best student in my class.He is my best friend.（四）形容詞副詞的規(guī)則與不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化1.一般在詞尾直接加er 或 est，例如， tall-taller-

26、tallest， long-longer-longest2.以不發(fā)音的字母e 結(jié)尾的單詞在詞尾直接加r 或 st，例如， nice-nicer-nicest3.以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的詞，把 y 變?yōu)?i，再加 er 或 est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加er 或 est，4eg. big-bigger-biggest5.部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級(jí)前加 more 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和 most 構(gòu)成最高級(jí)，例如， slowly-more slowly-most slowly ；beautiful- more be

27、autiful-most beautiful不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderOldest(無血緣關(guān)系的 )eldereldest（有血緣關(guān)系）Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Islandyet?Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (Present Perfect Tense)（ 1）表示過去發(fā)生

28、或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 It s so dark.太黑了。 Someone has turned off the light.有人把燈關(guān)上了。（ 2）表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與 since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)， for+一段時(shí)間， since+時(shí)間段 +ego, so far等時(shí)間狀語連用。Eg. I have lived here for ten years我.已經(jīng)住在這里10 年了。（從 10 年前開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還住這兒）Eg. I have lived here since 2003.自從 2003 年我就住在這兒。（從 2003 年開始，持續(xù)

29、到現(xiàn)在還住這兒）（ 3） 基本結(jié)構(gòu)及句型轉(zhuǎn)換：主語+have/has+過去分詞 (done) (當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)has,其余人稱用have。)肯定句：主語 +have/has+過去分詞 +其他I have finished my homework. (肯定句 )否定句：主語 +have/has+not+過去分詞 +其他I have not finished my homework. （否定句）一般疑問句： Have/Has+主語 +過去分詞 +其他 Have you finished your homework? Yes, I have. / No, I havent, （一般疑問句及肯定

30、、否定回答）（ 4） has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in)的區(qū)別Have/Has gone(to) 去:了 (現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場(chǎng) ) Eg. -Where is your father？-He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) 去:過（已不在去過的地方）Eg. My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father

31、 has been in Shanghai since two months ag o.（ 5）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志：常與 just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far等連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。 Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework. for + 時(shí)間段； since + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)； since + 段時(shí)間 ago； since + 一般過去時(shí)的句子。They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England. （ 6）動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞的變化規(guī)則變化：1. 一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾直接加ed。如：5pick picked picked; wish wished wished; stay stayed stayed2. 以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后面加 d。如：like liked liked; hope hoped hoped; phone phoned phoned3. 以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變 y 為 i，再加 -ed。如：study studied studied; hurry hurrie