專四聽(tīng)力題型分析報(bào)告

1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)考試共有六個(gè)部分：聽(tīng)寫(xiě)、聽(tīng)力理解、完型填空、語(yǔ)法與詞匯、閱讀理解、寫(xiě)作。整個(gè) 考試需時(shí)130分鐘。聽(tīng)力的比重是30%，主觀性試題 和客觀性試題各占一半。與四六級(jí)考試不同，專四、 專八考試首先考聽(tīng)力而不是寫(xiě)作。I.聽(tīng)寫(xiě)(PART I: Dictation)1. 測(cè)試要求：(a )能在全面理解內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上逐字逐句寫(xiě)出所聽(tīng)材 料.(b) 拼寫(xiě)和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)正確無(wú)誤，錯(cuò)誤率不超過(guò)8%(c) 考試時(shí)間15分鐘2. 測(cè)試形式：本部分為主觀試題.所聽(tīng)材料共念四遍.第一遍用 正常語(yǔ)速朗讀，錄音語(yǔ)速為每分鐘120個(gè)單詞，讓學(xué)生 聽(tīng)懂材料大意.第二三遍朗讀時(shí)意群 分句和句子之間 留出約15秒的空隙，讓

2、學(xué)生書(shū)寫(xiě).第四遍再用正常語(yǔ)速 朗讀，讓學(xué)生檢查.3. 測(cè)試目的：測(cè)試學(xué)生聽(tīng)力理解能力拼寫(xiě)熟練程度以及正確 運(yùn)用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的能力.4. 選材原則：(a )題材廣泛體裁多樣.(b) 聽(tīng)寫(xiě)材料難度以不超過(guò) <<大綱 >>規(guī)定為準(zhǔn).(c) 聽(tīng)寫(xiě)材料長(zhǎng)度約150個(gè)單詞II 聽(tīng)力理解(Part II : Listening Comprehension) 1.測(cè)試要求：(a )能聽(tīng)懂英語(yǔ)國(guó)家人士關(guān)于日常生活和社會(huì)生活的 談話,以及中等難度(如 TOEFL中的短文)的聽(tīng)力材料. 能理解大意,領(lǐng)會(huì)說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度感情和真實(shí)意圖.(b)能聽(tīng)懂相當(dāng)于VOA正常語(yǔ)速和BBC新聞節(jié)目的主要內(nèi)容(c)

3、能辨別各種英語(yǔ)變體(如美國(guó)英語(yǔ) 英國(guó)英語(yǔ) 澳大 利亞英語(yǔ)等)(d) 考試時(shí)間約15分鐘2.測(cè)試形式：本部分采用多項(xiàng)選擇題，分三節(jié)：Section A, Section B,Section C共 30 題.Section A: Conversations本部分含有若干組對(duì)話，每組約為200個(gè)單詞.每組對(duì) 話后有若干道題.本部分共有10題.Section B: Passages本部分含有若干篇短文，每篇長(zhǎng)度約為200個(gè)單詞.每篇后有若干道題.本部分共有10題Section C: News Broadcast本部分含有若干段 VOA或BBC新聞,每段新聞后有若干道題.本部分共有10題.本部分后有5秒

4、的間隙，要求學(xué)生從所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) 中選出一個(gè)最佳答案.錄音語(yǔ)速為每分鐘約120個(gè)單詞，念一遍.3.測(cè)試目的：測(cè)試學(xué)生獲得口頭信息的能力4.選材原則：(a )對(duì)話和短文中的部分內(nèi)容與日常生活和學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng) 相關(guān).(b)VOA和BBC新聞材料為學(xué)生所熟悉的一般新聞報(bào)道短評(píng)或講話等.(c)聽(tīng)寫(xiě)材料中所出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)原則上不超出<<> 大綱>規(guī)定的范圍.英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力部分?？碱}型及技巧聽(tīng)力理解-對(duì)話對(duì)話的?？碱}型1. 主旨要義題：?jiǎn)枌?duì)話討論的是什么。a. 盡量在腦海中描述岀正進(jìn)行的對(duì)話：對(duì)誰(shuí)在進(jìn)行對(duì)話，在哪里進(jìn)行對(duì)話做一定的假設(shè);b. 尤其注意聽(tīng)一些關(guān)鍵詞，被重復(fù)的詞等等；c. 對(duì)所

5、聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納，什么是中心思想；d. 特別注意提問(wèn)句，因?yàn)閷?duì)話通常是一問(wèn)一答，答的內(nèi)容通常是圍繞問(wèn)題展開(kāi)的。常見(jiàn)的就對(duì)話主題而提的問(wèn)題有：What is the main topic of the conversation?What are the speakers mainly discussing?What is the subject of this conversation?What is the main idea of the conversation?Which of the following best summarizes the conversation?2. 身份職業(yè)

6、題：?jiǎn)栒f(shuō)話者的身份、職業(yè)以及兩者的關(guān)系等。常見(jiàn)的就身份、職業(yè)及人物關(guān)系而提的問(wèn)題有：What is the person's probable vocation/job?Who are the speakers?What is the relationship between the two speakers?Who is the woman/man speaking to?常見(jiàn)的身份、職業(yè)及其相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)和句子：Customer and shop-assistant (salesgirl)for sale on sale discount 30 percent offselling s

7、eason size style fashionin stock out of stock price changerefund warranty deliver交付 sales slip 銷貨單,銷售發(fā)票What can I do for you? rm looking for.rd like to have . How much ？Professor/teacher and studentcourse assignment credit tuitionfreshman sophomore junior seniorundergraduate postgraduate register gr

8、aduategraduation ceremony term paper mid-exam finalsummer course grade semester/term quizvacation scholarshipCustomer and waiter/waitressmenu order dessert main coursedelicious taste reservation billCan I help you, sir/madam? Are you ready to order?May I take your order now? rd like to try.Can I hav

9、e my bill, please? How would you like your beef?Doctor and patient headache stomachache backache catch a cold flu running nose fever run a temperature symptom examination check-up take one's temperatureX-ray indigestion blood pressure infection diagnose prescribe(prescription) medicine pill tabl

10、et give an injection operation recoverWhat's the matter with you?Postman and customer parcel/package postcard stamp telegram postage airmail registered letterBank clerk and customer deposit withdraw draw out savings account account number open an account balance cash traveler's check cash a

11、check interest rateAirport staff and traveler check in check out first class economySingle/return flight number reservation book a ticketConfirm/confirmation arrival departure delayBoarding card boarding gate take off transitLibrarian and studentLibrary card periodical journal magazineCatalogue call

12、 number due renewOverdue over-due timeHotel staff and customerlobby front desk reservation reception deskreceptionist check in check out single roomdouble room rate key card Room Service3. 地點(diǎn)方位問(wèn)題：?jiǎn)枌?duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)與場(chǎng)景。School: assignment, lecture, paper, exam, campus, dorm, gradesBank: account, cash, check, de

13、posit, savingsHospital/Clinic: prescription, symptom, temperature, cold, fever, stomachache, pain, troubleRestaurant: menu, soup, drink, beverage, dish, beef, chicken, order, billAirport/Station: train, coach, car, timetable, take off, passengerPost Office: parcel, package, stamp, letter, airmail, r

14、egular mail, postage, rate關(guān)于地點(diǎn)的提問(wèn)形式通常為：Where does/did the conversation probably take place?Where are the man and woman speaking?Where are the speakers now?Where will the man/the woman go?Where is the man/the woman?EJvoa輕松聽(tīng)懂美國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)新聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)4. 時(shí)間數(shù)字計(jì)算題：對(duì)對(duì)話中岀現(xiàn)的一些時(shí)間和數(shù)字進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，通常要經(jīng)過(guò)一些簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)算。聽(tīng)力試題所涉及的數(shù)字包括：年代、時(shí)間、年齡、距離、速

15、度、價(jià)格、數(shù)量等，要求回答對(duì)話或某事在什 么時(shí)間發(fā)生；或某人在什么時(shí)間做某事；或價(jià)格、數(shù)量等。在做數(shù)字計(jì)算題時(shí)，考生除了應(yīng)該聽(tīng)清具體的 數(shù)字，還應(yīng)該注意表示倍數(shù)、百分率等的量詞，例如：double, half, dozen, couple, thirty percent,three times, decade, century等等。同時(shí)，還要注意與數(shù)字有關(guān)的詞， 例如：more, less, before, ago,later等等。此外還要注意文中較長(zhǎng)的數(shù)字。此類問(wèn)題的提問(wèn)形式通常為：When/ At what time did the conversation/dialogue take p

16、lace?When is the man/ the woman going to.?How much/How many.?How long.?How often.?另外，當(dāng)對(duì)時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問(wèn)時(shí)，也可能不用數(shù)字而用表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示，考生應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：a. 根據(jù)表示時(shí)間的關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)判斷事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間，如：before, after, when, while, then, until, later,right away, immediately, as soon as possible等。b. 掌握年、月、日、星期等時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法。注意一些表示時(shí)間的詞，如quarter, a couple of d

17、ays,twilight, eve, fortnight（two weeks）, dawn（daybreak）, dusk（time just before it gets quite back）等。同時(shí)注意英、美不同的時(shí)間表達(dá)方式，女口： 2 : 15讀作a quarter past two（ 英）或two fifteen （美）； 2 : 30 讀作 half past two（ 英）two thirty （美）等。c. 有時(shí)候，文中通過(guò)從句或短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間，而不岀現(xiàn)具體表示時(shí)間的數(shù)字或表示時(shí)間概念的單詞，這種情況也要引起注意。例如："Aren't you glad the

18、 semester's over?"可以判斷出時(shí)間為"at the end of thesemester"。d. 從選擇項(xiàng)看到時(shí)間和數(shù)字題型后，要集中精力獲取時(shí)間和數(shù)字的信息。把聽(tīng)到的表示時(shí)間的數(shù)字順序記下來(lái)，并理解各項(xiàng)數(shù)字之間的關(guān)系。這樣做是因?yàn)槲闹杏袝r(shí)不僅僅出現(xiàn)一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的數(shù)字。如果單靠聽(tīng)而不做任何記錄，最后很容易混淆數(shù)字間的關(guān)系，無(wú)法正確回答問(wèn)題。e. 聽(tīng)的時(shí)候注意近音的干擾要能準(zhǔn)確區(qū)分：-teen /' ti:和/ti/。它們的區(qū)別不僅在于一個(gè)是長(zhǎng)元音/i:/，另一個(gè)是短元音/i/ ;而且/' ti:n/是重讀音節(jié)，而/ti/不重

19、讀。f. 時(shí)間推算也是對(duì)話題目中的考點(diǎn)，同學(xué)們要學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)中表示時(shí)間提前或推后的方法，如：提前或提早5分鐘 five minutes ahead of time; five minutes ahead of schedule; five minutes early; early byfive minutes.推遲或吃至U 5 分鐘 five minutes later; five minutes behind schedule; late by fiveminutes; be delayed/postponed for five minutes.g. 為了快而準(zhǔn)地對(duì)數(shù)字有所反應(yīng)，同學(xué)們要熟悉一些

20、單詞和表達(dá)方式：時(shí)間：five o'clock sharp （5 點(diǎn)整）；on the dot（ 整點(diǎn)）；the day before yesterday（ 前天）;the day after tomorrow（ 后天）;this time next week（ 下周此時(shí)）;a fortnight（ 兩周）;weekly（ 每周）;monthly（ 每 月）；quarterly（ 每季）；yearly/annually（ 每年）;a decade（ 十年）；B.C.（公元前）。數(shù)字：one half/ a half; one and half; a quarter/ one fourt

21、h; five sixths; zero point five（0.5）;one point five two（1.52）; a couple of; million; billion。貨幣：a dollar/ a buck; five cents/ a nickel; a dime; a quarter/twenty-five cents; a pound;penny 。有關(guān)計(jì)算的表達(dá)：plus/add/addition （加）；minus/take off （減）；multiply （乘）；divide （除） double （翻倍）；triple （增加倒三倍）；two more （多兩

22、個(gè)）；three less （少三個(gè)）；half the price（半價(jià)）；thirty percent off/ discount of 30%（打七折）；at 15% discount（打八五折）。5. 事實(shí)推理題：對(duì)對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的一些細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，或者要求考生通過(guò)所聽(tīng)到的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推理。a. 以事實(shí)為依據(jù)的問(wèn)題要求考生回憶對(duì)話中的細(xì)節(jié)；盡量從上下文中推測(cè)不熟悉的單詞的含義；在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中盡快瀏覽各項(xiàng)選擇，以便預(yù)測(cè)一些問(wèn)題；并對(duì)聽(tīng)到的信息進(jìn)行分析、判斷。對(duì)事實(shí)的提問(wèn)形式有：What does sb. do?What is sb. going to do?What/Which of the fo

23、llowing is not mentioned in the dialogue?What does the speaker/listener seem most concerned about?What does the conversation say about.?Why does sb. do sth.?What is the purpose of .?What is the cause of .?b. 推理引申問(wèn)題要求考生推測(cè)岀某些細(xì)節(jié)的結(jié)果或?qū)δ承┘?xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行比較。引申問(wèn)題要求應(yīng)試者推測(cè)岀某些細(xì)節(jié)的結(jié)果或?qū)δ承┘?xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行比較。回答引申問(wèn)題時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意對(duì)話的最 后部分。在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中盡快瀏覽

24、各選擇項(xiàng)，以便做出某些預(yù)測(cè)；運(yùn)用常識(shí)猜測(cè)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)可能有的結(jié)果。常見(jiàn)的引伸問(wèn)題有：It can be inferred from the conversation that.The man/woman most probably.What will the man/woman probably do next?What can be concluded from the dialogue/conversation?What does the speaker mean?6. 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題：?jiǎn)栒f(shuō)話者對(duì)某事或者某話題的看法和觀點(diǎn)。對(duì)話中經(jīng)常涉及到一方對(duì)另一方或某一事件、觀點(diǎn)、言論、行為的態(tài)度和反應(yīng)，或贊

25、成或反對(duì)，或滿意或失望，喜怒哀樂(lè)等各種情緒。此類題目的解題方法有：a. 語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)。英語(yǔ)中，語(yǔ)調(diào)主要有升調(diào)、降調(diào)兩種，另外還有升降調(diào)和降升調(diào)。不同的語(yǔ)調(diào)表達(dá)不同的含 義。例如，陳述句用升調(diào)表示說(shuō)話者抱有遲疑、猶豫的態(tài)度；用降調(diào)表示肯定。反意疑問(wèn)句如果反意部分 是降調(diào)，就表示肯定，希望得到贊同或支持；反之，則表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或不耐煩。b. 提示詞和關(guān)鍵詞?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)一些提示性的語(yǔ)言或一些相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行判斷，如I think.; Itseems to me that.; As far as rm concerned, I could say.; It is/sounds true that.同時(shí)還要注意表示否定、轉(zhuǎn)折和虛擬等含義的指示詞。如，I'd be sacked if I accepted your offer.所表達(dá)的是拒絕。c. 從字里行間判斷。錄