第六講 并列句和復(fù)合句

1、第六講 并列句和復(fù)合句教學(xué)目標(biāo):1. 掌握并列句的構(gòu)成和用法。2. 熟練掌握賓語從句的構(gòu)成和基本用法。3熟練掌握狀語從句的構(gòu)成和基本用法。、并列句 用并列連詞連接起來的兩個或兩個以上的簡單句叫做并列句。 (一)并列句的構(gòu)成 其結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句”。 (二)常用的并列連詞 1常見的用于連接兩個簡單句的并列連詞有：and，but， or，so，for。詞意用法and和，并且表示順延或并列，如果兩個分句都是肯定語氣，用and連接。or否則，或者表示選擇，如果兩個分句的語氣為一個肯定，一個否定，則應(yīng)用or連接。but但是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，but與thoughalthough不能同時(shí)用在一個句子中

2、。so所以表示結(jié)果，由so連接的并列句可轉(zhuǎn)換成because引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句，兩者不能同時(shí)用在一個句子中表示“因?yàn)樗浴?。for因?yàn)楸硎驹颍菍α硪粋€分句的補(bǔ)充說明，但不能放在句子的開頭。 2其他的并列連詞有：then，while，when，not only.but also.,neither.。nor，either.or，as well as等。 二、復(fù)合句 復(fù)合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子。主句和從句都具有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，主句是全句的主體，從句是主句中的一部分，不能獨(dú)立存在。 根據(jù)從句在全句中的不同作用，從句可分為：賓語從句、定語從句、狀語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位

3、語從句。在這里重點(diǎn)講解賓語從句、狀語從句和定語從句。 (一)賓語從句 1.宜語從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞用法例句that本身無意義(口語中可省去)當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時(shí)I really believe(that)Tom will help us我確實(shí)相信湯姆會幫助我們。ifwhether (or not)是否當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問 句時(shí)Im not sure if I ll have time.我不敢肯定我是否會有時(shí)問。what，who，where，how，when，why，which，whose， whom等當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時(shí)Please tell me when you were born請告訴

4、我你是何時(shí)出生的。Id like to know what you want best我想知道你最想要 什么東西。 注意： whether和if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，一般情況下可以互換，但在下列情況下須用whether，不能用if。 具有選擇意義，賓語從句中有or或or not時(shí)。例如： We really dont know whether news is true or not 我們真的不知道這消息是否是真的。 在介詞后接賓語從句或不定式時(shí)。例如： We are talking about whether we ll go back to our hometown我們正在討論是否回老家去。 作d

5、iscuss等詞的賓語時(shí)。例如： We discussed whether we should close the shop 我們討論了是否應(yīng)該把商店關(guān)掉。 2賓語從句的語序 賓語從句無論是陳述句、一般疑問句或特殊疑問句意義，一律用陳述句語序，即“主語+謂語”結(jié)構(gòu)。句尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號取決于主句。例如： Are you a student? He asks He asks if you are a student 他問你是否是學(xué)生。 Where does he work? Do you know? Do you know where he works? 你知道他在哪工作嗎? 3賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài) 賓語從句

6、的時(shí)態(tài)原則上應(yīng)與主句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。具體情況如下表：主句時(shí)態(tài)從句時(shí)態(tài)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定I hear that he went to Beihai yesterday 我聽說他昨天去北海了。一般過去時(shí)過去的某種 時(shí)態(tài)He said his father would take him to Shanghai他說他爸爸 將帶他去上海。一般過去時(shí)或其他時(shí)態(tài)客觀事實(shí)或真理只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示My father told me that the sunrises in the east爸爸告訴我太陽從東方升起。 (二)狀語從句 1時(shí)間狀語從句 時(shí)態(tài)：當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí)態(tài)或祈使句或含有將來的意義時(shí)，

7、由when，as soon as，tilluntil，before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如： As soon as he returns home，I ll let you know 他一回到家，我就告訴你。 引導(dǎo)詞：由when，while，as，since，after，before，untiltill， as soon as等連詞引導(dǎo)。 a)when，while與aswhenwhileas不同點(diǎn)主、從句的動作可以是同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以是先后發(fā)生強(qiáng)調(diào)在某一時(shí)間內(nèi)主、從句中謂語動詞所表示的動作在同一時(shí)問里發(fā)生強(qiáng)調(diào)主、從句的從句中的謂語動詞既可以是瞬間動詞也可以是延續(xù)性動詞從句中的謂語動詞

8、是延續(xù)性動詞動作同時(shí)發(fā)生相同點(diǎn)意思均為“當(dāng)時(shí)” 例如： Father was waiting for me when I got home yesterday 昨天我到家時(shí)，爸爸正在等我。 While we were having a meeting，my sister came in to ask for me正當(dāng)我們開會時(shí)，我妹妹進(jìn)來找我。 She sang happily as she walked along the lake 她一邊沿著湖邊走，一邊歡快地唱著歌。 b)till與untiluntiltill共同點(diǎn)意思為“直到才”，均可用于“.untiltill.”句型主句的謂語動詞是延

9、續(xù)性動詞時(shí)，主句和從句都用肯定形式；當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是瞬間動詞時(shí)，主句須用否定結(jié)構(gòu)不同點(diǎn)可用在句型“not until”中不可用在句型“not till”正式用語，可放在句首非正式用語，不可放在句首 例如： I didnt go to bed untiltill he came back at ll o clock last night直到他昨晚11點(diǎn)回來我才睡覺。 Please Wait here until I come back 請?jiān)谶@等，直到我回來。 c)since引導(dǎo)的從句，表示“自以來”，從句中的謂語動詞表示動作的起點(diǎn)，要用一般過去時(shí)，主句的謂語動詞表示延續(xù)性動作，通常情況下使用現(xiàn)

10、在完成時(shí)。在句型“It ishasbeen.since+從句”中，從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如： It is ten years since she joined the army 她參軍已有十年了。 2條件狀語從句 條件狀語從句由if(如果)，as long as(只要)，unless(除非)等引導(dǎo)。如果主句為祈使句、一般將來時(shí)或含有情態(tài)動詞時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如： If it SNOWS tomorrow，we will have a day or two off 如果明天下雪的話，我們將放假一兩天。 We wont go to his party unless

11、 he invites us 如果他不邀請我們的話，我們就不去參加他的晚會。 if的用法 if可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。其用法如下：賓語從句條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞if意思是否如果作用作主句的賓語作主句的狀語時(shí)態(tài)主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將 來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)從句根據(jù)從句實(shí)際情況而定從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來例句Im not sure if she will come我不能確定她是否會來。I will tell you if she comes如果她來了，我會告訴你。 3結(jié)果狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句由so，so.that.，such.that.，so that等引導(dǎo)。 so.that.與such.

12、that.區(qū)別so.that.so+形容詞副詞+that從句so+muchlittle+不可數(shù)名詞+thatso+manyfew+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+thatso+形容詞+aan+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatsuchthatsuch+aan+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatsuch+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that 例如： It is so cold outside that nobody will go out to play 外面很冷，以至沒有人愿意出去玩。 He has so many books that I dont know which one I should borrow他有這么多書

13、，我不知道該借哪一本。 He is such a good man that we all like him He is so good a mall that we all like him 他是一個大好人，我們都喜歡他。 4原因狀語從句 原因狀語從句由because，as，since等引導(dǎo)。 如果是直接原因，通常用because引導(dǎo)；如果原因是人們已知的事實(shí)，用since引導(dǎo)；如果原因和理由是不言而喻、為人所知的、顯而易見的，用as引導(dǎo)。由since，as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，一般位于主句之前。例如： Jim didnt go to school yesterday because he w

14、as ill 吉姆昨天沒去上學(xué)，因?yàn)樗×恕?Since we are middle school students，we should listen to our teachers既然我們是中學(xué)生，我們就應(yīng)該聽老師的話。 5目的狀語從句 目的狀語從句由so that，so，in order that等引導(dǎo)。從句中常用can，could，may，might等情態(tài)動詞。例如： My father gets up early every day so that he can catch the first bus爸爸每天都起得很早，以便能趕上頭班車。 6讓步狀語從句 讓步狀語從句由although

15、，though等引導(dǎo)。意思為“雖然(盡管)但是”，要注意不能與but用在同一個句子中。 例如： Although the doctor was tired，he went on working 盡管這個醫(yī)生很累了，但他還繼續(xù)工作。 7比較狀語從句 比較狀語從句由than，as.as，not so.as等引導(dǎo)。例如： He is as tall as his father 他和他爸爸一樣高。 8地點(diǎn)狀語從句 地點(diǎn)狀語從句由where，wherever等引導(dǎo)。例如： Where there is a will，there is a way有志者事竟成。 (三)定語從句 1概論 定語從句在復(fù)合句里起

16、定語作用，修飾主句中的名詞或代詞。被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)為：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有who，whom，whose，which，that，when，where，why等。 2關(guān)系詞的基本用法先行詞關(guān)系詞例句人who，whom， thatThis is the man whothat took the photo 這就是拍這張照片的人。物matt, whichThe train thatwhich has just left is for Beijing剛剛離開的那列火車是開往北京的。時(shí)間whenWe ll never forget the days whe

17、n we worked together 我們永遠(yuǎn)都不會忘記在一起工作的時(shí)光。地點(diǎn)whereThis is the place where my grandparents lived這就是我祖父母居住過的地方。語法專練：一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. I don't know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, I'll tell you     A. if; Whether     B. whether; Whether    C. if; T

18、hat     D. if; If 2. I don't know _ the day after tomorrow.   A. when does he come      B. how will he come       C. if he comes        D. whether he'll come 3. Could you tell m

19、e _ the nearest hospital is?    A. what       B. how       C. whether      D. where 4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?     A. how did he mend  B. what did he mend&#

20、160;   C. how he mended       D. what he mended 5. I want to know _.    A. whom is she looking after        B. whom she is looking     C. whom is she looking      &#

21、160;         D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _ now?     A. he lives     B. does he live      C. he lived      D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _? 

22、;   A. the train leave   B. does the train leaveC. will the train leave   D. the train leaves 8. I don't know _. Can you tell me, please?    A. how the two players are old      B. how old are the two players    

23、 C. the two players are how old      D. how old the two players are 9. The small children don't know _.     A. what is their stockings in         B. what is in their stockings     C. where is their sto

24、ckings in       D. what in their stockings 10. I can't understand _.     A. what does Christmas mean      B. what Christmas does mean     C. what mean Christmas does      D. what Christm

25、as means 二、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型 1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改寫句子）     Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China? 2. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句）     He asked me _ the girl _ some help 3. Jim is not a student. Tom is no

26、t a student, either.（合并為一個句子）     _ Jim _Tom is a student. 4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句）     I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改寫)         They

27、 _ go home _ they had finished their homework 6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句)     Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.三、完形填空Mr. Wang teaches English in a middle school. He likes his work very much. He wanted 1 a teacher even when he was

28、a young boy.There are six classes in a school day at Mr. Wang's middle school. Mr. Wang teachers five of these six classes. 2 his "free" hour from 2 to 3 in the afternoon, Mr. Wang 3 meet with parents, check students' homework and 4 many other things. So Mr. Wang works hard from th

29、e moment he gets to school early in the morning until he leaves for home late in the afternoon, and his "free" hour is not free at all.In his English lesson, Mr. Wang sometimes teaches poems (詩). He likes poems very much, and he likes Li Bais poems 5 of all.In his fifth class today, Mr. Wa

30、ng taught a poem. He wrote the poem on the blackboard and read it. As soon as he finished 6 the poem, the students began to ask questions. He answered all the questions. Then he asked his students to talk about the poem. 7 one wanted to stop when the bell rang. 8 home, Mr. Wang thought about the fif

31、th class. He was happy about what he did as a teacher. Every one of his students 9 the poem. When they started to talk, they forgot about the time. He did not have to make them 10 . He only had to answer their questions and help them understand the poem.1. A. wasB. beingC. to beD. be 2. A. InB. AtC.

32、 ToD. On 3. A. has toB. hasC. able toD. will 4. A. take care forB. care ofC. take care ofD. be careful of 5. A. betterB. goodC. wellD. best 6. A. readingB. to read C. readD. doing 7. A. NotB. NoC. Have noD. Any 8. A. By the wayB. To his wayC. On his wayD. In the way 9. A. likedB. askedC. hadD. wante

33、d 10. A. learningB. to learnC. learnD. leant 四、閱讀理解Many young people want to be pop stars. Pop stars are rich. Many people think they are leading a happy and easy life. Is that true? The answer is definitely no. In fact, they have very hard lives. They spend much of their time on travel. Sometimes t

34、he travel is interesting, but in most time it is boring to pop stars. The following chart is a days life of a pop star. Feb. l0, 20075:00Woke up and had breakfast in the hotel. Packed bags. Took taxi to airport.7:30Plane took off half an hour later than usual for the bad weather.8:30Plane landed. Wa

35、ited for luggage (行李)for half an hour. Signed for fans at the airport. 9:45Arrived at the hotel and had a short rest.10:00Started out to attend the meeting with fans and gave an interview to the local reporters.11:00Went to radio station to attend the live show.12:00Had lunch with local producer (制片

36、人)I3:00Went to theatre and prepared for the nights show. The lighting of the theatre was good, but the band did poorly.17:00Back to hotel. Tried to have a rest. Still worried about the band.18:00Had supper, but ate little.18:30Went to theatre again and got ready for show.19:30Sang very well, and aud

37、ience gave a warm welcome. The band improved a little.22:00Show was over. Very tired from it.23:00Back to hotel. Took a bath. Too excited to sleep, so watched TV.0:00Fell asleep, with TV on. 根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案。1. The pop star went back to the hotel _ on Feb. 10, 2006.A. once B. twice C. three times D. fo

38、ur times2. According to the chart, the pop star was good at _.A. singing B. dancing C. making faces D. playing the piano3. The pop star felt _ after the performance.A. tired B. excited C. sad D. both A and B 4. The band did _ in the rehearsal (彩排) in the nights show.A. better in the show than B. wor

39、se in the show than C. in the show as bad as D. not tell us how the band did 5. This passage mainly tells us that _.A. pop stars are not rich in fact B. young people had better not be pop stars C. there are many young people wanting to be pop starsD. pop stars dont have an easy life as they seem to

40、have成功體驗(yàn)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. I don't know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, I'll tell you     A. if; Whether     B. whether; Whether       C. if; That     D. if; If 2. I don't know _ the day after tomorrow.  

41、;   A. when does he come       B. how will he come       C. if he comes        D. whether he'll come 3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is?    A. what   

42、0;   B. how       C. whether      D. where 4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?     A. how did he mend    B. what did he mend        C. how he mended  

43、    D. what he mended 5. I want to know _.    A. whom is she looking after        B. whom she is looking     C. whom is she looking              

44、  D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _ now?     A. he lives     B. does he live      C. he lived      D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _?    A. the train leave  B.

45、 does the train leave   C. will the train leave   D. the train leaves 8. I don't know _. Can you tell me, please?    A. how the two players are old      B. how old are the two players     C. the two players are how o

46、ld      D. how old the two players are 9. The small children don't know _.     A. what is their stockings in         B. what is in their stockings     C. where is their stockings in   &#

47、160;   D. what in their stockings 10. I can't understand _.     A. what does Christmas mean      B. what Christmas does mean     C. what mean Christmas does      D. what Christmas means 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. Does Mr. Br

48、own enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改寫句子）     Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China? 2. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句）     He asked me _ the girl _ some help 3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并為一個句子）

49、60;   _ Jim _Tom is a student. 4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句）     I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改寫)         They _ go home _ they had finished their homework 6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday. 三、完形填空Martin Henfield talks about some of h