礦震地震活動響應(yīng)規(guī)律及其危險性猜測研究

1、礦震地震活動響應(yīng)規(guī)律及其危險性猜測研究        【中文摘要】隨著礦山淺部資源的逐漸枯竭,面向深部開采將成為企業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一種必然趨勢。在深部開采過程中,必將面臨著很多安全題目,而礦山地震則是深部開采所面臨的最為嚴(yán)重的安全題目。為了礦山的可持續(xù)發(fā)展及井下職員的生命安全,非常有必要加強(qiáng)礦震活動規(guī)律及其危險性猜測等基礎(chǔ)研究。本文結(jié)合國家“十五”科技攻關(guān)項目和冬瓜山銅礦礦山開采實際,運(yùn)用定量地震學(xué)和統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法,深進(jìn)研究了冬瓜山銅礦地震活動的響應(yīng)規(guī)律,包括礦山地震的時間、空間規(guī)律、震級-頻度特征、能量-地震矩特征、應(yīng)

2、力變形規(guī)律以及礦山地震活動與開采活動關(guān)系等各方面的研究;最后還運(yùn)用人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)方法對礦震危險性進(jìn)行了模擬和猜測,取得了較為理想的結(jié)果。本文主要的研究成果如下:(一)運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計學(xué)和非線性動力學(xué)方法對礦震的時間分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究,結(jié)果表明:(1)冬瓜山礦震事件大部分發(fā)生在天天的01:0003:00、06:0008:00、14:0016:00以及22:0024:00四個時間段里。(2)震級大于0的事件主要分布在天天的05:0007:00、13:0016:00以及22:0024:00三個時間段,與三班作業(yè)時間基本相同,稍微超前于三班作業(yè)時間,具有非常明顯的前震現(xiàn)象。(3)震級在-2M-1的事件總數(shù)隨時間

3、呈逐漸增大趨勢。(4)-2M-1、-1M0、0M1三個級別的礦震具有非常好的分形特征,小震級礦震事件比大震級礦震事件的分形特征要明顯,前者主要受開采條件的影響,而后者主要受自然地震、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造等影響。(二)運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計學(xué)和定量地震學(xué)原理對礦震的空間分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究,研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)礦區(qū)盡大部分礦震事件分布在52線-56線之間的1-14#采場以及沿脈運(yùn)輸巷道和穿脈出礦巷道等其它巷道,分布深度范圍為-670m-850m之間。(2)礦震活動集中區(qū)主要位于52線的2、6-10、12#采場,54線的2、6、8、10#采場,以及52、54線采場的出礦進(jìn)路及其聯(lián)絡(luò)道。礦震集中區(qū)隨開采位置的變化而變化,且各集中區(qū)

4、都相互獨立。(三)分別對礦震頻度-震級分布和能量-地震矩分布進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計研究,得出如下結(jié)果:(1)頻度-震級分布和能量-地震矩分布均存在兩種分布模式,并且通過線性擬合得到了其各自分布模式的數(shù)學(xué)表示式。(2)巖體處于硬化階段時,礦震事件少,且事件的震級也較小;處于軟化階段時,礦震事件多,且事件的震級也較大。(四)運(yùn)用定量地震學(xué)方法對礦震應(yīng)力應(yīng)變進(jìn)行了研究,得出如下結(jié)果:(1)在時間上,礦震應(yīng)力隨開采的推進(jìn)呈逐漸增大趨勢,而礦震變形則變化較小。(2)在空間上,礦震應(yīng)力集中區(qū)主要位于采掘活動區(qū)域,并隨采掘區(qū)域的變化而變化;礦震變形的集中區(qū)主要跟采區(qū)的空區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān),大的空區(qū)產(chǎn)生大的變形和應(yīng)力集中,且主要

5、分布在空區(qū)邊界一定范圍內(nèi)的巖體。(五)運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計和數(shù)值分析方法對礦震活動與開采活動的關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究之后,得出:(1)累積礦震能量與累積采掘巖石體積有時存在斜率為負(fù)的對數(shù)線性關(guān)系,而礦震事件數(shù)則與采掘的巖石體積是成對數(shù)線性的正比例關(guān)系。(2)較大礦震事件主要發(fā)生在采場四周以及大爆破之后的時間內(nèi),采場大爆破之后,礦震活動呈現(xiàn)從強(qiáng)到弱再從弱到強(qiáng)的變化過程。(3)爆破藥量與礦震活動存在著一定的對數(shù)線性關(guān)系,采掘爆破藥量的多少基本上能反映礦震活動性的強(qiáng)弱性。(六)通過對礦震各項誘導(dǎo)因素的統(tǒng)計分析,運(yùn)用人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)方法對多因素誘導(dǎo)的礦震的危險性進(jìn)行了模擬猜測,猜測結(jié)果表明:礦震危險性受爆破藥量、巖爆傾向性、自

6、然地震和過往巖體開釋的能量的影響非常大,而受開采深度、空區(qū)體積和巖層強(qiáng)度比的影響較小。BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)用于模擬猜測多因素影響的礦震危險性來說,是一種非常正確而快捷的猜測手段。');【Abstract】 As the superficial resource in mine is beening exhausted,it's a inevitable trend to mine deeply for sustainable development of company.During mining deeply,there are some secure problems.Mining

7、-induced seismicity is the most serious secure problem in deeply mining.It's necessary for sustainable development of company and people's life to research the response law and risk for prediction of mining-induced seismicity.Based on national technological project of tenth five-years plan a

8、nd practice of Dongguashan copper mine, this * deeply studys response to mining at Dongguashan copper mine.It included space-time law,characteristics of magnitude-frequency and energy-seismic moment, stress-strain law and relations between seismicity and exploitation.At last,simulate and predict the

9、 risk of seismicity in artifical neural network.The main results are as follows as:(一)Studys the law of seismicity in time using statistics and nonlinear dynamics methods.The conclusion is as follows as:(1)Mining-induced seismicity in Dongguashan copper mine mostly occur in 0100-0300 Am,0600-0800 Am

10、,1400-1600 Pm and 2200-2400 Pm.(2)The seismic events magnitudes are more than zero mainly occur in 0500-0700 Am,1300-1600 Pm and 2200-2400 Pm.They occur before the exploiting time.Large seismic events had obvious foreshock phenomenon.(3)Sum of seismic events that magnitudes are between -1 and 1 was

11、increasing.(4)The seismic events which magnitude is between -2 to-1,-1 to 0,and 0 to 1 had perfect fractal characteristics.The fractal characteristics of small seismic events is obvious than those which magnitudes is larger.The former was mainly affected by exploiting condition,and the later by natu

12、ral seismicity and geological structure.(二)studys the law of seismicity in time using statistics and quantitative seismology methods.The results are as follow as:(1)The seismic events mostly occur in No1-14 stopes and exploratory drifts between the line 52(th)and 54(th).The depth is between -670m to

13、 850m.(2)The concentrative areas of seismic events mainly distribute in No 2,6 to 10,14 stopes of line 52(th),No2,6,8,10 stopes and drifts between line 52(th)and 54(th).The concentrative areas starte from No2 and 6 stope of line 52th,and then vary as exploiting. All concentrative areas are independe

14、d.(三)Statistically studys the magnitude-frequency and energy-seismic moment distribution.The conclusion is as follows as:(1)The both of distribution of magnitude-frequency and energy-seismic moment have two obvious distribution models, and then get their mathatical expressions in linearization.(2)Du

15、ring hardening process of rock,there are little seismic events witch magnitudes is small.During softening process of rock,there are more seismic events witch magnitudes is large. (四)Studys the seismic stress-strain in quantitative seismology methods,the results are as follow as:(1)In time,the seismi

16、c stress increases as the exploiting.The seismic strain are stable.(2)In space,the seismic stress mainly concentralize on exploiting areas, and varys as the exploiting areas.The seismic strain is mainly related with the spatial structure.Big stress and strain mostly occur around adjacent rock mass.(

17、五)Statistically and numerically analyzes the relationship between exploiting and seismicity.The results are as follow as:(1)There is a minus logarithmic linear relationship between cumulate seismic energy and cumulate exploited rock volume,and also there is a plus logarithmic linear relationship bet

18、ween cumulate seismic event counts and cumulate exploited rock volume.(2)Large seismic events mostly occur around stope after big blasting events.The seismic events beyond zero magnitude occur before the blasting event in time.Seismic events change from strongness to weakness and strongness again.(3)There is a plus logarithmic linear relationship between cumulate se