非謂語動詞與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換

1、高考寫作一非謂語動詞與從句的轉(zhuǎn)換知識講解知識點(diǎn)1:不定式(短語)與從句的關(guān)系1. 【考查點(diǎn)】：不定式(短語)在句中作主語，其功能相當(dāng)于一個主語從句，因此二者之間可以轉(zhuǎn)換(1) .To be able to help you is really an honor.(二That I m able to help you)(2) .He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.)(3) .Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea.(=It is said that Bu

2、sh has decided to attack North Korea.)2. 【考查點(diǎn)】：不定式（短語）在句中作賓語或賓補(bǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個賓語從句(1) .We still don W hrnownd where to build a school.賓語)(=whe n and where we should build a school)(2) .1 advised him to go and see the doctor賓補(bǔ))(=that he should go and see)(3) .He thought it a great pity not to have invited her

3、.賓語)(=That he hadn t invited her.)3. 【考查點(diǎn)】：不定式(短語)在句中作表語.,相當(dāng)于一個表語從句(1) .My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(二that they should leave)(2) .My chief purpose has been for them to get a good un dersta nding.(=that they can get a good un dersta nding)4. 【考查點(diǎn)】：不定式(短語)在句中作定語.,相當(dāng)于一個定語從句(1

4、) .The questi on will be discussed at the conferen ce shortly to ope n in Beiji ng.(二that is shortly to ope n in Beiji ng)(2) .All dead, I was the only one to grow up.(=that grew up)5. 【考查點(diǎn)】：不定式(短語)在句中作目的.結(jié)果狀語.,相當(dāng)于一個目的.結(jié)果狀語從句(1) .He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(二in

5、order/so that)(2) .The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she couldn t )6. 【考查點(diǎn)】：不定式(短語)在句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句(1) .1 trembled to think of being punished by the boss.(二because I though of being puni shed by the boss)(2) .We were disappo in ted to have lost the game.(=that we hav

6、e lost the game)知識點(diǎn)2:動名詞(短語)與從句的關(guān)系1. 【考查點(diǎn)】：動名詞(短語)在句中作主語，相當(dāng)于一個主語從句(1) .Your going away (二That you went away) made the professor angry.(2) .Mary s not being made moni(oThat Mary was not made monitor ) made us sad.被動的動名詞在句中作主語時一般不能省(3) .Be ing called a fool(二That he was called a fool) hurt Bob badly.2

7、. 【考查點(diǎn)】：動名詞(短語)再句中作賓語或賓補(bǔ)語，相當(dāng)于一個賓語從句(1) .1 remember being taken to Beijing(二that I was taken to Beijing) when I was five.(2) .He admitted having married Mary to a soldier(二that he had married Mary to a soldier).3. 【考查點(diǎn)】：動名詞(短語)在句中作表語.,相當(dāng)于一個表語從句(1) .My duty is serving the people heart and soul.=(that

8、I ll serve the people heart and soul).(2) .The problem is his n ot hav ing prepared his less ons for the exam.=(that he hasn t prepared his lessottefexam).(3) .The difficulty is Mary s being caught betwee n the two trees=(that Mary is caught between the two trees .4.【考查點(diǎn)】：介詞+動名詞（短語），相當(dāng)于 個從句(1) .He w

9、as afraid of being scolded by his mistake.(二that he was)(2) .He was ast oni shed at her knowing you.(=that she knew you)(3) .We heard the news of our team hav ing won.(=that our team had won)知識點(diǎn)3:分詞(短語)與從句的關(guān)系1. 【考查點(diǎn)】：分詞(短語)作定語，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句(1).The hospital was an old building built in 1931(二that was bui

10、lt in 1931).(2) .Do you know the girl standing over there(二who is standing over there)?(3) .The man speaking to us the other day(二 who spoke to us the other day) has gone to Japan.2. 【考查點(diǎn)】：分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，其中伴隨狀語多與并列句轉(zhuǎn)換(1) .Weather permitting： we II have the match tomorrow.(=lf weather permits)(2) .

11、The dark clouds having disappeared： the sun shone again.(=Whe n the dark clouds had disappeared)(3) .The monitor being ill we d better put the meting off.(=As the mon itor was ill)(4) .Other thi ngs being equa(=lf other thi ngs are equal)： I uy the blaCkbdress.(5) .Given more time(=lf we were give n

12、 more time)： we could have done it better.(6) .He came back： his hands tied to his back(二his hands were tied to his back).3. 【考查點(diǎn)】：分詞短語，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句(1) .On arriving(=As soon as I arrive) there, I II telep時間e you.(2) .(While)waiting(二While I was waiting )for the bus, I caught sight of her.(時間)(3) .Educa

13、ted(二As he was educated ) by the party, he became a great fight原因)(4) .Not having received(二Because I hadn t received answer, I wrote to him again.(原因)(5) .(If) give n(=If we had bee n give n )eno ugh time, e could have done it better.(條件)讓步 Xpride.(6) .(Though) having made(二Though he had made) grea

14、t achievements, he didn4. 【考查點(diǎn)】：分詞短語作狀語，可表伴隨，結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于and的并列句，也可和 with轉(zhuǎn)換(1) .He died, leaving his daughter much money.(=and left)(2) .The teacher en tered the lab, followed by our stude nts.(二and he was followed by our students =with us following him=and we followed him)5. 【考查點(diǎn)】：分詞短語在句中作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語，相當(dāng)于一個賓

15、語從句(1) .He found the windows broken.(二He found that the windows were broken.)(2) .1 felt my heart beat ing fast at the n ews of bomb explosi on.(=I felt that my heart was besting fast at the news of bomb explosion)1.【考查點(diǎn)】(1) .Sophia (2) .1 can知識點(diǎn)4:特殊轉(zhuǎn)換 :動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于從句t surprised us.s having seen them(

16、二That Sophia had seen them) didnim) staying up so late(二that he stays up so late).(3) .We encouragestudents living in the sch=that students live in the school).(4) .What was disappointing was our not being able to go for a picnic (that we were not able to go for a picnic).2.【考查點(diǎn)】：there+being+其他成分(1)

17、 .There being nothing to do, we played games.(二Because there was nothing to do原因)(2) .They closed the store, there being no customers.(二Because ther was no customers)因)四、例題精析【例題1 Every one in our class was work ing hard and doing what we coulda good college.A. en terB. to en terC. en ter ingD. en te

18、red【答案B【解析容易誤選A。有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動詞 could就斷定此處應(yīng)填動詞原形 enter。其實(shí) 正確答案應(yīng)是B。此句為省略句，即在 could后省略了動詞do，若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為 Every one in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college即句中的不定式短語 (to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語的，而不是與情態(tài)動詞(could) 一起構(gòu)成謂語。【例題2】He knows nothing about it, so he cant

19、helpany of your work.A. doingB. to doC. being doingD. to be done【答案】B【解析】容易誤選A，根據(jù)cant help doing sth這一結(jié)構(gòu)推出。其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選 B。比較以下結(jié)構(gòu):cant help to do sth =不能幫助做某事cant help doing sth =禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事【例題3】The purpose of new tech no logies is to make life easier,it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not

20、 makingD. do not make【答案】B【解析】容易誤選C,受題干中的逗號的影響，認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果的用法。其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選B，句中的逗號相當(dāng)于連詞 and 或 but, not to make it more difficult 是對逗號前的不定式 to make life easier的 補(bǔ)充說明。此句的意思是新技術(shù)的目的是為了使生活變得更容易，而不是使生活變得更困難 。兩個不 定式同時用以說明句子主語 purpose的內(nèi)容。五、課堂運(yùn)用【基礎(chǔ)】1. Mrs. White showed her student some old mapsfrom the library.A. to

21、 borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing【答案】C【解析】解析：此題考察非謂語動詞做定語。非謂語動詞做定語，首先判斷動詞與所修飾名詞的主動還 是被動關(guān)系，borrow和maps是被動關(guān)系，被動關(guān)系時非謂語動詞形式有三種：to be done表示動作將要發(fā)生，being done表示動作正在發(fā)生，done表示動作已經(jīng)完成，根據(jù)句意 borrow的動作已經(jīng)完成， 因此選擇C。句意：懷特夫人向?qū)W生們展示了從圖書館借來的一些老地圖。2. With Father s Day around the corn er, I have take n s

22、ome money oue bathprese nts for my dad.A. buyB. to buy C. buying D. to have bought【答案】B【解析】解析：動詞不定式的一般式作目的狀語。 買禮物”發(fā)生在 從銀行取了一些錢”后，所以D不可以選。句意：父親節(jié)將要到來，為了給爸爸買禮物我已經(jīng)從銀行取了一些錢。3.Thoughto see us the professor gave us a warm welcomeA. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised【答案】C【解析】解析：省略結(jié)構(gòu)和非謂

23、語動詞考查。補(bǔ)完整為：Though he was surprised跟后面句子的主語致，可以省略主語和系動詞。【鞏固】1. He had won derful childhood,with his mother to all cor ners of the wordA. travel B. to travel C. traveledD. traveling【答案】D【解析】解析：主語(he)與動詞travel之間存在主動關(guān)系，故用traveling作伴隨狀語。2ts no use over spilt milk.A.cryB.cryi ngC.that you cryD.for you to

24、cry【答案】B【解析】It is no good (use ) doing sth該句型中的真正主語是動名詞短語，形式主語。主句中的表語可以是 no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use。3.The murderer was brought in, with his handsbeh ind his back.A. to be tied B. being tied C. tied D. hav ing tied【答案】C【解析】容易誤選B。最佳答案為C。從意義上看，ha nds與tie的關(guān)系應(yīng)屬被動關(guān)系，故排除 D。在 A、B、C三

25、個選項(xiàng)中，選項(xiàng)A比較容易排除，因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ奖硎緦硪饬x，在此與語境不符?，F(xiàn)將B和C作一比較：B為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式，它表示兩層意義，一是表被動，二是表進(jìn)行，也就是說his handsbeing tied的實(shí)際意思是他的手正在被捆住，這顯然與語境不符。而 C為過去分詞，它也表示兩層意 義，一是表被動，二是表示動詞的完成或完成后的狀態(tài)，此句中的 with his hands tied behind his back可【拔高】I.Once your bus in ess becomes intern ati on al,con sta ntly will be part of your life.A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flyi ng【答案】D【解析】幾個干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。最佳答案為D。由于空格后出現(xiàn)了 constantly這一副詞，這就說明不能選B或C，因?yàn)锽、C均為名詞，不能受副詞constantly的修飾。A和D