名詞性從句整理后

1、II.名詞性從句1. 連接詞：1) 連詞：that (無任何詞意)，whether# (均表示"是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性)，as if ,as though (均表示"好像”，"似乎”)。以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分。2) 連接代詞： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever, whomever 連接畐U詞： whe n, where, how, why不可省略的連詞：1.介詞后的連詞； 2.引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。2. 主語從句1) 連接詞：從屬連詞that, wh

2、ether, if ;連接代詞 what, who, which , whatever, whoever;連接副詞 how, when, where, why。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接 副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown.誰能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不得而知。It is known to us how he became a writer.我們都知道他是如何

3、成為一名作家的。Where the En glish eve ning will be held has not yet bee n announ ced.英語晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。2) 有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主 語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：(1) It + be + 名詞 + that 從句(2) It + be +形容詞 + that從句(3) It + be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+ that從句(4) It +不及物動(dòng)詞 + that從句3) 另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)

4、如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用 虛擬語氣“(should) +do ”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that 3. 賓語從句1) 連接詞：與主語從句大致相同。2) 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中 常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí)，第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省

5、。He has told me that he will go to Sha nghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。注意：在 dema nd、order、suggest、decide、in sist, desire, request, comma nd 等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語從句常用“(should) +動(dòng)詞原形”。I in sist that she (should) do her work alo ne.我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.

6、司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。3) 用 who， whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告訴了你什么。She always thi nks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人，

7、 她都會(huì)給予熱情的支 持。4) 用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。whether與if在作"是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if:a. 引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時(shí)；b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)；c .引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時(shí)；d.從句后有"or not”時(shí)；e.后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。Whether there is life on the moon is an in teresti ng questi on. 月球上有沒有生命是個(gè)有趣的 問題。The questi on is whether she should ha

8、ve a low opinion of the test?Everythi ng depe nds on whether we have eno ugh mon ey. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。I won der whether he will come or not. 我想知道他來還是不來。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留？5） 注意賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用 不同時(shí)態(tài)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)；當(dāng)從 句表示的是客觀

9、真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America .6）think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng) 詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We don' t think you are here.我們認(rèn)為你不在這。I don' t believe he will do so.我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。4. 表語從句1） 有引導(dǎo)詞 that , whether, as if, who, what

10、 ,which ,when ,where, how, why .在表語從句中的 that不能省。2） 放在系動(dòng)詞之后，表示狀態(tài)持續(xù)，變化的系動(dòng)詞有 be, stay, keep, remain, get, become, seem, go.感官動(dòng)詞也屬系動(dòng)詞如look, sou nd, taste, smell, feel.等.3）引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別:what引導(dǎo)表語從句在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語，賓語,表語，而that在句子中只起連接作用，4）表語從句可用 whether引導(dǎo)，不用if.5） 有用結(jié)構(gòu)： 1） This/That/It is because 2） The rea

11、sonis that e.g. a. He was late for school. That wasbecausehe got up lateb. The reas on why he was late for school is _ that _he got up late.c. China isn ' t _ what _ she used to bed. The question isthat _ you didn ' t do that in time.5. 同位語從句1）一般放在名 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , su

12、ggestion, report, hope, belief 等之后,用 以說明或解釋前面的名詞.2）連接詞that雖在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不省略.3）先行詞通常是一些具有一定內(nèi)容含義的概括性名詞如：conclusion, evidenee, fact, hope,idea, word （n ews）, opinion, problem, promise, reason, truth, 等.4）在have no idea之后常用 wh-引導(dǎo)同位語從句.I have no idea where he has gon e./ I have no idea whe n he did it./I

13、have no idea what he did.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：同：1）、兩種從句都可以譯成定語The n ews that our team has won the final match is en couragi ng.（同位語從句）The n ews that you told us is really en couragi ng.（定語從句）2）、兩種從句都可以用that引導(dǎo)The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.（同位語從句）The sugge

14、stion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定語從句）異：1 ）從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進(jìn)一步說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句用來修飾、 限定前面的名詞。The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（從句說明 "消息” 的內(nèi)容）The n ews that you told us is really en couragi ng.（從句對(duì) "消息”加以限定）2）引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)是