Unit 4 Five Symbols of American Culture 新視野大學(xué)英語第三冊

1、Section A Five Famous Symbols of American CultureUnit 4I Words and expressions 雕像，塑像，鑄像雕像，塑像，鑄像 自由女神像自由女神像2. 1.贊同贊同 2.批準(zhǔn)，同意批準(zhǔn)，同意 我贊成你試著掙錢，但不要忽視你的學(xué)習(xí)我贊成你試著掙錢，但不要忽視你的學(xué)習(xí) n. 亂世佳人亂世佳人的的中文版中文版兩個司機對事故的描述不同。兩個司機對事故的描述不同。 He always puts a wrong interpretation on what I say. 他總是曲解我的話。他總是曲解我的話。口譯員口譯員The story w

2、as inspired by a chance meeting with his old friend. 故事的靈感來自于他和一位老朋友的偶遇。故事的靈感來自于他和一位老朋友的偶遇。 inspire sb. to + n. to do sth.nI hope this success will inspire you to greater efforts. / inspire you to work harder.n我希望這次的成功能激勵你更加努力。我希望這次的成功能激勵你更加努力。ninspiration n. 鼓舞；靈感鼓舞；靈感Several government officials c

3、ame to inspect our university last week. I got out of the car to inspect the damage. He carefully inspected the china for cracks.我下車檢查損壞情況。我下車檢查損壞情況。他仔細檢查瓷器看有無裂紋。他仔細檢查瓷器看有無裂紋。 簽約簽約/ 毀約毀約根據(jù)合同條款，你如果打算離職必須提前三個月通知根據(jù)合同條款，你如果打算離職必須提前三個月通知我們。我們。contract to do sth.They contracted to work fixed hours each we

4、ek.他們訂立合同確定每周固定的工作時數(shù)。他們訂立合同確定每周固定的工作時數(shù)。He contracted AIDS from a blood transfusion.Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.他輸血時感染了艾滋病。他輸血時感染了艾滋病。金屬熱脹冷縮。金屬熱脹冷縮。 The society is always trying to find ways of attracting new recruits.We are having difficulty recruiting enough qualified staff.我

5、們難以招到足夠的合格職員。我們難以招到足夠的合格職員。該社團總是想方設(shè)法吸引新成員加入。該社團總是想方設(shè)法吸引新成員加入。You will have to work on the weak points in your English if you want to pass the examination. 如果你想通過考試，你就得在英語的弱項上花些功夫。如果你想通過考試，你就得在英語的弱項上花些功夫。III. Background informationLiberty Enlightening the World Located on a 12 acre island, the Statue

6、 of Liberty Enlightening the World was a gift of friendship from the people of France to the people of the United States and is a universal symbol of freedom and democracy. The statue is 111 feet, 1 inch tall and made from 225 tons of copper.It was given to the people of the United States by France

7、on July 4, 1884 to commemorate the 100 anniversary of the American Revolution. It was dedicated on October 28, 1886.Barbie dolls An Introduction: Barbie dolls are sold nearly worldwide. They have been the subject of numerous books and controversies, plus the star in their own movies. There are even

8、lines of Barbie-inspired cosmetics and clothing. Size of Barbie Dolls: Barbie is, almost universally, 11.5 inches tall. and Skipper (Barbies Little Sister) 10 inches. Barbie has had a few shorter friends and relations as well.Ken is generally 12 inches tall. Creator of Barbie Dolls: The late Ruth Ha

9、ndler created Barbie. One day she saw her daughter Barbara play with paper dolls, and Ruth thought that girls would enjoy a 3-D doll with outfits you could change, like paper dolls. The Mattel design team couldnt envision what Ruth wanted. Then when in Germany, Ruth saw Bild Lilli, a doll with an ad

10、ult-proportioned body, 11.5 inches tall. Ruth thought this doll was just right for concept. So, she brought Bild Lilli to Mattel and Barbie was born.Three first editions of Barbie dolls from 1959 Collection of Barbie DollsAlice in Wonderland, the Queen of Hearts and the Mad HatterLine Of Star Trek B

11、arbie Shanghai Store American GothicnWith American Gothic, Grant Wood tells the story of Midwestern life and culture through the use of many traditional symbols: nthe rick-rack(荷葉邊荷葉邊 )on the womans apron, the gothic window, the pitchfork held in the tight fist of the somber farmer.It propelled the

12、artists career from local to national recognition.The American Bison, or Buffalo, ranged across America in to Canada. It is estimated that there were over 50 million bison in North America. The decline of the great bison herds was caused by extensive commercial hunting and the protection of agricult

13、ural areas which restricted the bisons grazing areas. By the 1890s fewer than 1000 animals survived. The population level has now risen again to around 50,000, and the future of the species is assured.nThe obverse sidenThe reverse sidenFlagg, James Montgomery nAmerican illustrator, poster artist, an

14、d portrait painter known for his illustrations particularly for his World War I recruiting poster of a pointing Uncle Sam with the caption “I Want You” .nThe poster was reissued during World War II.the recruiting poster of a pointing Uncle Sam with the caption “I Want You”James MontgomeryIII Text An

15、alysisFive Famous Symbols of American CulturenPart 1 (Para. 1-4) The Statue of LibertynPart 2 (Para. 5-10) Barbie nPart 3 (Para. 11-14) American GothicnPart 4 (Para. 15-18) The Buffalo NickelnPart 5 (Para. 19-22) Uncle SamQuestions & AnswersPara. 2n1. Who created the Statue of Liberty and what w

16、as he? n2. When?n3. What is the purpose to create the statue?n4. What do we know about the creator?Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, French artist.In the mid-1870s.Celebrating US independence and the France-America alliance.He was in love with a woman whom he married in 1876 in spite of his mothers object

17、ion. Para. 3nHow did he create the Statue of Liberty?nIt is said that he had used his wifes arm as the model, but felt her face was too beautiful for the statue. So for the face, he chose his mothers.Para. 4 nWhen did the creator finish the statue? nIn 1886.nHow did he like the statue?nThe creator c

18、alled it “my daughter, Liberty”.Para. 6:nWhat was the real name of Barbie?nHer real name was Barbara Handler. Paras. 8-10: nHow popular is Barbie according to the text?nSince her introduction in 1959, Barbie has become the universally recognized Queen of the Dolls. The average American girl owns ten

19、 Barbie dolls, and two are sold somewhere in the world every second.Para. 12nWho painted American Gothic?nGrant Wood.nHow did Wood get the idea of painting American Gothic?nHe was inspired by the Gothic windows of an old farmhouse.Paras. 16-17: nWhat do we know about American coins? nAmerican coins

20、honor prominent figures of the US government but the Buffalo nickel has three actual American Indians as models.nWho created the Buffalo nickel?nIt was James Earle Fraser who created the Buffalo nickel.nWhat was the buffalo nickel produced for?nIt honored a pair of connected tragedies from the settl

21、ement of the American frontier - the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American IndiansPara. 18 nWhy did Fraser go to New York Citys Central Park Zoo ?nBecause buffalo no longer wandered about the great grasslands.nHow was the Buffalo nickel created?nAs most of the buffaloes were killed, Jame

22、s Earle Fraser was forced to sketch an aging buffalo from New York Citys Central Park Zoo for the coin.Paras. 20-22 nWhat did the employee say when he was asked about the letters “EA-US”?nHe said “US” was short for “Uncle Sam” Wilson.nHow did Flaggs portrait of Uncle Sam look like?nIt was a self-por

23、trait of Flagg.Before all the different types of Barbie dolls for sale now, (Para. 6) nfor sale: intended to be sold nThe sign on the house says For Sale. n房子上的標(biāo)牌寫著房子上的標(biāo)牌寫著“出售出售”。non sale: being offered at a reduced price 折價銷售；減價出折價銷售；減價出售售 Ruth came up with the idea (Para. 7) ncome up with: find or

24、 produce (an answer, a solution, etc.) nI hope you can come up with a better plan than this. n我希望你能拿出一個比這更好的計劃。我希望你能拿出一個比這更好的計劃。n科學(xué)家找到了節(jié)省能源的新途徑。科學(xué)家找到了節(jié)省能源的新途徑。nScientists have come up with new ways of saving energy. Mattel refashioned the doll into a decent, all-American (Para. 7)nrefashion into: ch

25、ange into; make intonCan you refashion this dress into a skirt? n你能將這件連衣裙改成短裙子嗎？你能將這件連衣裙改成短裙子嗎？nfashion v. 把把.做成做成形狀；形狀； 塑造塑造nOur attitudes towards politics are fashioned by the media.n我們對政治的態(tài)度是在媒體的影響下形成的。我們對政治的態(tài)度是在媒體的影響下形成的。 although with an exaggerated breast size (Para. 7) nexaggerate: v. make (s

26、th.) seem larger, more important, better or worse than it really is nDont exaggerate. I was only two minutes late, not twenty. n別夸大其詞，我只遲到了兩分鐘，不是別夸大其詞，我只遲到了兩分鐘，不是20分鐘。分鐘。nThe problem has been greatly exaggeratedn這個問題被極度夸大了。這個問題被極度夸大了。 version and named it after Barbara, (Para. 7) nname sb./sth. afte

27、r sb. : give sb./sth. the name of sb. as an honornThe bridge was named after the hero. n這座橋是以那位英雄的名字命名的這座橋是以那位英雄的名字命名的.nSome people name their children after famous figures.n有些人以名人的名字給小孩起名。有些人以名人的名字給小孩起名。Barbie has become the universally recognized Queen of the Dolls. (Para. 8) nuniversally: ad. (be

28、lieved or accepted) by everyone; in the world or in all situationsna universally accepted point of view n人人接受的觀點人人接受的觀點 nIt is universally acknowledged that. n人們普遍認為人們普遍認為.Grant Wood instantly rose to fame in 1930 with his painting American Gothic, an often-copied interpretation of the solemn pride

29、of American farmers. (Para. 12) nMeaning: Grant Wood became famous immediately when he finished his painting American Gothic in 1930. The painting, which is often copied in other forms of art such as posters, cards, and souvenirs, reflects his understanding of the sincere pride of American farmers.

30、n1930年，格蘭特年，格蘭特伍德因其畫作伍德因其畫作美國哥特式美國哥特式一舉成名。此畫體現(xiàn)了美國農(nóng)民莊嚴(yán)的自豪，一舉成名。此畫體現(xiàn)了美國農(nóng)民莊嚴(yán)的自豪，常常被人臨摹。常常被人臨摹。 nfame: n. the state of being well-knownnThe novel earned him fame and fortune. n這部小說使他名利雙收這部小說使他名利雙收。 ncome/rise to fame 出名出名Grant Wood instantly rose to fame in 1930 with his painting American Gothic, an oft

31、en-copied interpretation of the solemn pride of American farmers. (Para. 12) with his painting American Gothic, an often copied interpretation of the solemn pride of American farmers. (Para. 12)nsolemn: a.na solemn statement n莊嚴(yán)的莊嚴(yán)的聲明聲明nmake a solemn promise n作出作出鄭重的鄭重的承諾承諾nHer solemn face told them

32、 that the news was bad. n她她嚴(yán)肅的嚴(yán)肅的表情告訴他們那是壞消息。表情告訴他們那是壞消息。 but the faces in his composition were what captured the worlds attention. (Para. 12) nIt was her words not her looks that captured his attention. n吸引他注意的是她的言談而不是她的容貌。吸引他注意的是她的言談而不是她的容貌。 For the grave farmer he used his dentist, a sour-looking

33、 man. (Para. 13)ngrave: a. He was looking extremely grave. n他神色極為凝重。他神色極為凝重。ngrave consequences 嚴(yán)重后果嚴(yán)重后果ngrave situation 嚴(yán)峻的局勢嚴(yán)峻的局勢ngrave n. I put some flowers on the grave. n我將一些花放在了墳?zāi)股?。我將一些花放在了墳?zāi)股?。He stretched the models necks a bit, but there was no doubt who posed for the portrait. (Para. 13) ns

34、tretch: v. nMy T-shirt stretched when I washed it. n我的我的T恤衫洗后變大了。恤衫洗后變大了。nThe long white beaches stretch for miles along the coast. n長長的白色海灘沿著海岸綿延數(shù)英里。長長的白色海灘沿著海岸綿延數(shù)英里。 and earned a reputation for being honest and hard working. (Para. 20) nreputation: nan international reputation 國際聲譽國際聲譽nhave a good

35、/bad reputation 聲譽好聲譽好/壞壞n他所在的大學(xué)有著良好的學(xué)術(shù)聲譽。他所在的大學(xué)有著良好的學(xué)術(shù)聲譽。nHis university has a good academic reputation. nThe rumors ruined his reputation. n這些傳言破壞了他的聲譽。這些傳言破壞了他的聲譽。 his form evolving from an earlier cartoon character called Brother Jonathan that was popular during the American Revolution. (Para. 2

36、2) nevolve from: nDarwin believed that we evolved from apes.n達爾文相信人類是從猿進化而來的。達爾文相信人類是從猿進化而來的。nevolution n.nthe evolution of the computer over the past 30 yearsn計算機在過去三十年里的發(fā)展計算機在過去三十年里的發(fā)展n美國哥特式，1930年，76.2x63.5cm,板 油彩,芝加哥藝術(shù)學(xué)院,The Art Institute of Chicago,格蘭特伍德,Grant Wood,1892-1942年,美國 n1928年,格蘭特伍德去了德國

37、慕尼黑，很為那里的哥特藝術(shù)所迷戀。所謂的哥特式建筑，主要由石頭的骨架券和飛扶壁組成。其基本單元是在一個正方形或矩形平面四角的柱子上作雙圓心骨架尖券，四邊和對角線上各一道，屋面石板架在券上，形成拱頂。采用這種方式，可以在不同跨度上作出矢高相同的券，拱頂重量輕，交線分明，減少了券腳的推力，簡化了施工。由于采用了尖券、尖拱和飛扶壁等建筑形式，哥特式教堂的內(nèi)部空間高曠、單純、統(tǒng)一。裝飾細部也都用尖券作主題，使建筑風(fēng)格與結(jié)構(gòu)手法形成有機整體。 n1930年8月，伍德在Iowa南部的一個小鎮(zhèn)看到一所頗具哥特式風(fēng)格的房子，它建于1880年代，有五個房間。此建筑物的緊湊和堅實的設(shè)計，尤其是閣樓上的哥特式窗戶，

38、給伍德留下了非常深刻的印象。他想象著一個農(nóng)夫和他的女兒站在房子前面，然后拍下這個房子的照片帶回了他的工作室。他請他62歲的牙醫(yī)和他30歲的妹妹作為畫中人物的模特，并讓他們穿上19世紀(jì)維多利亞時期的衣服。雖然在畫中兩人是站在一塊的，但實際上這兩個人物是在不同的場合下完成的。伍德花兩個月的時間完成了這幅作品，及時趕上了芝加哥藝術(shù)學(xué)院的展覽。雖然一開始裁判們對是否要接受他這幅畫上有分歧，但這幅畫最后得以參展并獲得了銅獎和300美元的獎勵。當(dāng)時這幅畫引起了極大的爭議，一個藝術(shù)批評家指責(zé)該畫是“侮辱普通鄉(xiāng)村人民的漫畫”。有人認為伍德用這幅畫來諷刺中西部文化的狹隘和壓抑，但伍德本人否定了這種說法；也有人把

39、這幅畫理解為對美國鄉(xiāng)村道德品質(zhì)的頌揚；還有人認為這部作品的主題非常曖昧，既有贊揚的肯定，又不乏諷刺的意味。后來伍德自己透露他的畫中含有諷刺的因素，但至于是哪些因素他緘口不言。American Gothicn男人的眼睛直直地向前平視，雙唇緊閉，黃瘦的臉上表情十分嚴(yán)肅，鼻梁上一絲不茍地架著圓圓的眼鏡。他沾滿泥巴的手里拿著一個叉，它既代表了在農(nóng)業(yè)占主導(dǎo)地位的年代，農(nóng)民們勤勞耕作的精神，也象征著在19世紀(jì)男權(quán)社會中，不容置疑的男性權(quán)威和力量。從構(gòu)圖上來看，這個叉與人物橢圓形的臉和人物身后哥特式窗戶的線條相呼應(yīng)。站在他身邊的女人一副典型的維多利亞時期女性的裝扮，從發(fā)型到服飾，甚至到表情，都讓人聯(lián)想起簡愛

40、。同男人一樣，女人的表情也不茍言笑，只因那個年代的女性以嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、矜持、勤勞、克己為美德。她略微站在男人身后，眼睛看向男人，有點“唯他是聽”的意味。n在三十年代早期，欣賞這幅畫的評論家也認為這幅畫意在嘲諷美國鄉(xiāng)村或小鎮(zhèn)生活的刻板。但是幾年之后，美國遭遇了大蕭條，工業(yè)化程度高、更講究精致的東部生活不下去了，種地為生的中西部人照樣可以自給。人們開始以不同的眼光看待伍德這幅畫，它不再被理解為諷刺，而是變成了對大眾民粹主義的頌揚。論者認為農(nóng)夫和他的妻子是美國精神的化身，“美國的民主以有著勇敢的心和結(jié)實的下巴的勞動者為基礎(chǔ)，就是這幅畫所畫的這樣的人。” n關(guān)于畫中的兩個人物的關(guān)系，也一直是大家爭論不休的話題

41、，到底是一對農(nóng)場老夫妻還是父親和女兒？如果是夫妻，很多Iowa農(nóng)夫的妻子認為這是一副詆毀她們形象的畫作；如果是父女，那么男人手里拿著一把叉，到底是表示一個普通耕作的農(nóng)夫，還是一個不無妒意地趕走女兒追求者的傳道夫呢？理解為父女關(guān)系的評論家把女兒下巴和頸部的褶皺理解為“老處女的尖銳”，但也有人認為這些褶皺暗示著女兒并不像她的穿著（扣子緊緊封住脖子）那樣刻板。 美國哥特式漸漸獲得了人們的認可，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為美國最廣為人知的畫作之一，成了美國流行文化的一部分。很多人對這幅畫進行戲仿和調(diào)侃。 IV Old to newfreedom from accept; permitlovefit togetherw

42、idespreadserious-looking encouragelibertyapproveaffectionassembleuniversalsolemninspireI. Old to Newset freelook at sth. closely showdevelop graduallyliberateinspectdisplayevolveII. Chinese to English 著手（研究，設(shè)計）著手（研究，設(shè)計）愛上愛上贊成贊成出售出售一舉成名一舉成名work onfall/be in love withapprove offor salerise to fame杰出人物

43、杰出人物反傳統(tǒng)反傳統(tǒng)簽合同簽合同繼續(xù)繼續(xù)拒絕采訪拒絕采訪以以命名命名prominent figurebe against traditionsign a contractgo aheaddecline interviewname after為為當(dāng)模特當(dāng)模特前任總統(tǒng)前任總統(tǒng)從從發(fā)展而來發(fā)展而來征兵海報征兵海報想出想出(主意主意)pose forformer presidentevolve fromrecruiting postercome up withV TranslationTranslate the following into English.His parents did not ap

44、prove of his plan to go and study abroad with a girl they had never met, but he went ahead and got to New York with her.1. 他父母不他父母不贊成贊成他和一個他們沒有見過面的他和一個他們沒有見過面的姑娘姑娘到國外學(xué)習(xí)到國外學(xué)習(xí)的計劃，可他的計劃，可他還是去了還是去了，和，和她一起去了紐約。她一起去了紐約。approve ofgo aheadgo and study abroadIt is said that the painter used his aunt as the m

45、odel in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength.2. 據(jù)說據(jù)說，畫家以他的嬸嬸作他畫中的模特，畫家以他的嬸嬸作他畫中的模特，她的面容她的面容飽經(jīng)滄桑卻不失堅定飽經(jīng)滄桑卻不失堅定。represent suffering yet strength3. 真正的肯不喜歡三維芭比娃娃，這種娃娃真正的肯不喜歡三維芭比娃娃，這種娃娃被描繪被描繪成成具有具有“出賣肉體之女人出賣肉體之女人”的模樣的模樣。be described asThe real Ken did not like the three-dimensional Barbie dolls, which were described as having the appearance of “a woman who sold sex”.have the appearance of4. 這位小說家于這位小說家于1950年年因出版因出版再見，親再見，親愛的愛的一舉成名一舉成名，小說的，小說的靈感來自于他靈感來自于他和一位姑娘和一位姑娘在他哥哥的農(nóng)場在他哥哥的農(nóng)場的經(jīng)歷的經(jīng)歷。 The novelist inst