2018年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題(第一套)

1、2018年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題（第一套）PartI Writing(30 minutes)Direction:sFor this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the challenges of starting a career aftergraduatio.nYou shouldwrite at least 120 words but no more than180 words.PartnListening Comprehension(25 minutes)關(guān)注公眾號(hào)“春秋大道”，無(wú)償?shù)玫饺坑⒄Z(yǔ)四六級(jí)歷年真

2、題(更新至2018 年 12月) +聽力原頻Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end ofeach news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news reportand then questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourch

3、oices marked A)，B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phon

4、e network on the moon.D) Gather data from the noon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable.B) It is durable.C) It is inexpensive.D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.歡迎下載2B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody

5、 was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull dow n the deserted shopp ing mall.C) Turn the shopp ing mall into an amuseme nt park.D) Find money to reno vate the local n eighborhood.Questions

6、5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy relia nee on import.C) Widespread pla nt disease.D) In suffieie nt potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disea

7、se.D) It is worried about un fair eompetiti on.7. A) Global warni ng.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Gover nment regulati on.D) Dimini shi ng in vestme nt.Seetio n BDirect ions:In this secti on, you will hear two longconversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions.Both the conv

8、ersation and the questions will be spokenonly on ce. After you hear a questi on, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices markedA),B),C)and D). Thenmark the corresp歡迎下載3onding letter onAn swer Sheet 1 with a sin gle linethrough the cen tre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation

9、you have just heard.8.A) I nformative.B) In spiri ng.C) Dull.D) Shallow.9.A)She types on a keyboard.B) She does record ing.C) She take photos.D) she take no tes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It en ables her to thi nk hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A)It en ables he

10、r to improve her pronun ciati on.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It tur ns out to be an enjo yable way of lear ning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A)To spe nd her hon eym oon.B) To try aut

11、be ntic In dia n food.C) To take photos of the Jaj Mahal.D) To trace the origi n of a love story.歡迎下載413. A) In memory of a prin cess.B) In honor of a great cmperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess s 14thchild.14. A) It looks older than expected

12、.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless an tiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A)Their streets are n arrow.B) Each on has a unique character.C) They are mostly crowded.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Sectio n CDirections:In this section, you will hear thr

13、ee passages. At theend of each passage, you will hear three or four questi ons. Both thepassage and the questio ns will be spoke n only on ce. After you hear aquesti on, you must choose the best an swer from the four choicesmarkedA), B), C) andD). Thenmarkthe corresponding letter on An swerSheet 1 w

14、ith a sin gle line through the cen tre.Questi ons 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A)They help spread the latest tech no logy.B) They greatly enrich people s leisure life.C) They provide reside nts with theD) They allow free access to digital books and videos.歡迎下載517. A)By h

15、elping them find jobs.B) By keep ing them off the streets.C) By in spiri ng their creativity.D) By providi ng a place of relaxati on.18. A)Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C) They ten ded to visit libraries regularly.D) Their nu mber i

16、n creased modestly.Questi ons 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A)lt is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is an unu sual cross breed.C) It is the largest cat in Africa.D) It is a large-sized wild cat.20. A)They are as loyal as doges.B) They are fond of sleep ing in cab in

17、ets.C) They have unu sually long tails.D) They know how to please their own ers.21. A)They shake their front paws.B) They shower with them.C) They teach them to dive.D)They shout at them.Questi ons 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Conten ted and relieved.B) An xious and d

18、epressed.歡迎下載6C) Proud but a bit n ervous.D) Excited but somewhat sad.23. A) It starts the moment they are born.B) It depe nds on their pare nts for success.C) It is gaining increasing public attention.D) It is beco ming pare nts biggest concern.24. A) Choose the right school for them.B) Help them t

19、o learn by themselves.C) Read books and magaz ines to them.D) Set a good example for them to follow.25. A) Their in tellige nee.B) Their home life.C) The quality of their school.D) The effort they put in lear ning.Part 川Readi ng Comprehe nsion( 40mi nutes)Sectio n ADirect ions:In this secti on,there

20、 is a passage with tenbla nks. You are required to select one word for each bla nk from a list ofchoices given ina word bank following thepassage. Readthe passage through carefully before making yourchoices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresp onding letter for

21、each item onAn swerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of thewords in the bank more tha n onceQuesti ons 26 to 35 are based on the follow ing passage.歡迎下載7Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the globaleconomymore than $5 trillionannuall

22、y in welfare costs, with the mostserious26occurri ng in the develop ing world.The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution.Lostin come alone amounts to $225 billi on a year.The report in cludes both in door and outdoor air polluti on. In door polluti on, which includes28_ like home he

23、ati ng and cook ing, has rema ined29 overthe past several decades despite adva nces in the area. Levels of outdoor polluti on havegrow n rapidly along with rapid growth in in dustry and tran sportati on.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation ChrisMurray 30 it as an“ urge nt call to

24、acti on. ”“ One of the riskfactors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which in dividuals have little31, ” he said.The effects of air polluti on are worst in the develop ing world, wherein some places lost-labor in come32n early 1% of GDP. Around 9 in10 people in low-a nd middle-i ncome

25、 coun tries live in places where they 33experie needan gerous levels of outdoor air polluti on.But the problem is not limited34to the develop ing world.Thousa nds die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related ill nesses. In many Europeancountries, wherediesel(柴油)35_ have become morecom mon in r

26、ecent years, that nu mber reaches tens of thousa nds.A) abilityI)exclusivelyB) associatedJ)i nno vatedC) con sciouslyK)regularly歡迎下載8D) con sta ntE) c on trolF) damageG) describedH) equalsSectio n BDirections:In this sect ion, you are going to read a passage withten stateme nts attached to each stat

27、eme nt contains in formatio n give n inone of the paragraphs. Ide ntify the paragraph from which the in formatio nis derived. You may choose a paragraph more tha n once. Each paragraphis marked with a letter.Answer the questionsby mark ing the corresp onding letter onAn swer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medic in

28、e Moveme nt Is Wit ness ing ProgressA Several times a mon th, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralphs market inHuntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helpingpeople lear n about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wan deri ngthe cereal aisle with Allis on Sco

29、tt, givi ng her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid any thi ng that is healthy.“Have youthought about trying fresh juices in the morning?”he asks her.“Thefroze n oran ges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain.Juices are quick and easy to prepare,

30、you can take the frozen fruit out the ni ght before andhave it ready the n ext morning.”B Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of thenearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St.Joseph Hoag Health allianee. The center s Shop with Your Docprogra

31、m sends doctorsto the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any othershoppers who happen to be around with questions.C Nadeau notices the pre-mademacaroni(通心粉)-and-cheese boxes inL)relatesM)sourcesN)un dermineO)vehicles歡迎下載9Scotts shopping cart and suggests she sw

32、itch to whole grain macaroni andreal cheese.“So I d have to make it ?” she asks, her enthusiasm fadingat the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I m not sure they d eat it. They just won t eat it. ”D Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big con tributors to th

33、erising diabetes rates amongchildren.“In America, over 50 percent of ourfood is processed food, ” Nadeautells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant- basedfood. I think we should try to reverse that. ” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kidsand to make real macar oni and cheese.Sco

34、re one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.E Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California.The food-as- medicine movement has been around for decades, but it s making progressas physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather thanrelying solel

35、y onmedications（藥物）.By prescribingnutritional changes or launching programs such as Shop with your Doc ,they are trying to preve nt, limit or eve n reverse disease by cha nging what patients eat.“There s no question people can take things a long way toward revers ing diabetes,revers ing high blood p

36、ressure, eve n preve nti ng can cer by food choices, ” Nadeau says.F In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and preside nt ofST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical in stituti ons across the state are start ing to make aphilosophical switch to beco ming a health orga ni zati on, no t just a health

37、 care orga ni zation. That feeli ng echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at ZuckerbergSan Fran cisco Gen eral Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expa ndon an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patientsseveral bag

38、s of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive trai ning in how tocook it.“ We really want to link food and medici ne, andnot just give away food, ” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital s medicaldirector of Healthy Food In itiatives.“ We want people to un dersta nd whatthey re eating,

39、how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”G In Southern California, Loma Linda UniversitySchool of Medicine isofferi ng specialized trai ning for its reside nt physicia ns in LifestyleMedicine that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease.Research findings in creas in gly sh

40、ow the power of food totreat or reversediseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the soluti on, or that every ill nesscan ben efit substa ntially from dietary cha nges.Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear pictureemerges:that the salt, sugar,f

41、at and processed foods in theAmerican diet co ntribute to the nation s high rates of obesity, diabetes歡迎下載10and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths fromheart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure,tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low con

42、sumption of fruits and vegetables.H“ It s a differentparadigm（范式）of howto treat disease, ” saysDr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program atLoma Linda UniversitySchool of Medicine. The lifestylemedicinespecialty is desig ned to train doctors in how to preve nt

43、 and treat disease,in part, by changing pati ents nutritional habits. The medical center and school atLomaLinda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patie nts not onlylear n about which foods to buy,but also how toprepare them at home.I Many people don t know how to cook, Rea

44、 says, and they only know how to heatthings up. That means depe nding on packaged food with high saltand sugar content. Soteachi ng people about which foods are healthy and howto prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient s life. Andbeyond that, it mighttransform the health and lives o

45、f that patient sfamily.“What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says.“As aphysician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effectsof long- term disease. ”J Studies have explored evide nee that dietary cha nges can slowinflammation（炎癥），for example, or make

46、 the body in hospitable to cancer cells. Ingeneral, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a pla nt-based diet particularlyfor people with diabetes or other in flammatory con diti ons.K“As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift,but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the

47、 sameway physicians used to smoke, andthen stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicia ns can havea bigger voice in it.”36. More tha n half of the food America ns eat is factory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers i

48、n foodstores.38.There is grow ing evide nee from research that food helps patie nts recover fromvarious ill nesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.歡迎下載1140. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41. One food-as-medicineprogram not only prescribes

49、 food for treatmentbut teaches patie nts how to cook it.42. Scott is not kee n oncook ing food herself,thinking it would simplybe a waste of time.43. Diabetes patie nts are advised to eat more pla nt-based food.44. Using food as medic ine is no no vel idea,but the moveme nt is makingheadway these da

50、ys.45. America ns high rates of various ill n esses result from the way they eat.Sectio n CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage isfollowed by some questi ons or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of themthere are four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. You should decide onthe

51、best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuesti ons 46 to 50 are based on the follow ing passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areaseven having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their

52、 distribution system. The problemis growing as the population of the state con ti nues to expa nd. New research has founddeep water reserves un der the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previousdrilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to newpumping practices,

53、waterdeeper than this can now beextracted（扌由?。?The team at Stanfordin vestigated theaquifers（地下蓄水層） below this depth and found thatreserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drillto depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gasextraction, but only recently in California has

54、 it becomeprofitableto pumpwater from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, whichmeans that pump ing will be expe nsive and there are other concerns. The biggest concernof pump ing out water from this deep in the gradual settli ng dow n of the land surface. As the

55、water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Eve n though pump ing from these depths is expe nsive, it is still cheaper than歡迎下載12desalinating（脫鹽）the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Somedesalinationplants exist where feasible, but they are costly

56、 to run and cann eed con sta nt repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and Californiais hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of saltthan shallower aquifers. Th

57、is means that some wells may even need to undergodesalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost.Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drillinglogshas just bee n published. New estimatesof the water reserves now go up to2,700 billi on cubic meters of freshwater.46.

58、How could California s drought crisis be solved according to someresearchers?A) By build ing more reserves of groun dwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advaneed drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.47. What can be in ferred about ex

59、tract ingwater from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not con sidered worth the expe nse.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.48. What is men ti oned as a con seque nee of extract ing water from deepun

60、derground ?A) The sinking of land surface.C) The damage toaquifers.B) The harm to the ecosystem.D) The cha nge of theclimate.49. What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any n eed for repairs.歡迎下載13B) They are en tirely free from polluta nts.C) They are the ultimate soluti on to