全面解析中考動詞和非謂語動詞分析

1、動詞動詞概述 表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞叫做動詞?？梢苑譃橐韵滤念悾侯悇e例句使用特點(diǎn)實(shí)義/行為動詞及物動詞Love,make后跟賓語不及物動詞Go,rise后不跟賓語連系動詞Be,look后跟表語助動詞Be,have,do,shall,will,did本身沒有詞義，后跟動詞原形或分詞，構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句等情態(tài)動詞Can,may,mist本身有詞義，后跟動詞原形，構(gòu)成謂語一、實(shí)義動詞及物動詞與不及物動詞根據(jù)后面是否帶賓語，行為動詞又可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞，及物動詞。Vt.vi.Theystudyhard.Iknowthemwell.注：有的動詞既可作及物動詞，也可用作不及物動詞。如：Shesings

2、verywell.ShesanganEnglishsongjustnow.英語里有不少實(shí)義動詞可以兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞。兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞時(shí)，詞義不變。試比較：ShallIbeginatonce?Shebeganworkingasalibrarianaftersheleftschool.WhendidtheyleaveChicago?Theyleftlastweek.短語：動態(tài)動詞和靜態(tài)動詞動態(tài)動詞表示動作，如give,take,work,run等；靜態(tài)動詞表示感覺、情感、內(nèi)心世界、相互關(guān)系等，如know,exist,be,have,appear,prove,concern,hate

3、,dislike,like,love,surprise,include,dependon,belongto,guess,suppose，imagine,believe,doubt,admire,envy等。延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞根據(jù)動作是否延續(xù)，行為動詞又分為延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞。如rain,live,work,learn等是延續(xù)性動詞，go,come,leave,start,arrive,join,finish,end等是非延續(xù)性動詞。注：非延續(xù)性動詞在肯定句中通常不與表示時(shí)間段連用的for短語連用。如：譯他離開這里三天了。誤Hehaslefthereforthreedays.正Heh

4、asbeenawayfromhereforthreedays.正Heleftherethreedaysago.正Itsthreedayssinceheleft.限定動詞與非限定動詞詞在句中作謂語，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。非限定動詞有動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞三種，也叫非謂語動詞，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。Theroomneedscleaning.二、連系動詞系動詞亦稱連系動詞，作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（亦稱補(bǔ)語），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。系動詞后不可接副詞，接的是形容詞。Be：Heisateacher.（is與補(bǔ)足語一起說明主語的身份。）Iamfin

5、e.2、keep,rest,remain,stay,例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他開會時(shí)總保持沉默。Thismatterrestsamystery.此事仍是一個謎。3、表示看起來像這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad.4、feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsverysweet.5、become,grow,turn,fall（asleep）,get,go,come,run.

6、Hebecamemadafterthat.Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.6、終止系動詞。表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove,turnout,表達(dá)證實(shí)，變成之意，Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.（turnout表終止性結(jié)果）7使役動詞：let,have,make使，讓Let/makesomebodydosthTheteacherlets/makesthemcleantheclassroomafterschool.Makesb/sthadj. Thestorymakesmehappy.Thecolormakesi

7、tlookbeautiful.Havesomebodydosth 讓某人做某事Havesthdone讓某物被做Mymotherhavesmemakethebed.Ihavemyhaircut/washed.有些動詞它們既可以用作實(shí)義動詞，又可以用作連系動詞。另外be還可用作助動詞。它們的用法不同，詞義和句型結(jié)構(gòu)也有所不同。例如：Lookattheblackboard,please.請看黑板。(look用作實(shí)義動詞)Helooksalittletired.他略顯疲倦。(look用作連系動詞)Theyareatwork.他們在工作。(are用作連系動詞)Theyareworking.他們正在工作。

8、(are用作助動詞，幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))三、助動詞協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞詞組的詞叫助動詞。助動詞是語法功能詞，自身沒有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用，它沒有對應(yīng)的漢譯，例如：HedoesntlikeEnglish.（doesnt是助動詞，無詞義；like是主要動詞，有詞義)1、助動詞be(is,am,are,was,were)，have(has,had,having)，do(did,does).*do(does,did)的用法（1）構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句(How)didyouknow?Hedoesnotsmoke.（2）加強(qiáng)語氣。Hedidtellthat. Docomeandseeus.（3）代替前面剛出

9、現(xiàn)的動詞，避免重復(fù)。-Youlikepopularmusic,dontyou?-Yes,Ido.HespeaksFrenchasfluentlyasshedoes.（4）用于倒裝句中。Neverdidhepayattentiontomywords.OnlythendidIunderstandtheimportanceofEnglish.（5）構(gòu)成否定的祈使句。Dontbesocareless.Donothesitatetocomeforhelp.情態(tài)動詞Can,could,may,might,shill,should,will,would,need,dear,haveto,oughtto例題.

10、1.MrWang_beinNanjingnow,hewenttoBeijingonlythismorning. A.mustntB.maynotC.cantD.neednt2.-MustIstayathome,Mum?-No,you_. A.needntB.mustntC.dontD.maynot3.-Canyougoswimmingwithusthisafternoon?-Sorry,Icant.I_takecareofmylittlesisterathomebecausemymotherisill. A.canB.mayC.wouldD.haveto4.-MayIgotothecinema

11、,Mum?-Certainly.Butyou_bebackby11oclock. A.canB.mayC.mustD.need5.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish_intotheriver.A.needntbethrownB.mustntbethrownC.cantthrowD.maynotthrow6.-MayIgoouttoplaybasketball,Dad?-No,you_.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst. A.mustntB.maynotC.couldntD.neednt7.-WhereisJack,please?-H

12、e_beinthereadingroom. A.canB.needC.wouldD.must8.-Mum,mayIwatchTVnow?-Sure,butyou_helpmewithmyhouseworkfirst.A.canB.mayC.mustD.could9.TheboysaidhehadtospeakEnglishinclass,buthe_speakitaftercalss.A.couldB.didnthavetoC.mightD.shouldnt10.John_gotherewithustonight,butheisntverysureaboutit. A.mustB.canC.w

13、illD.may11.Eventhetopstudentsinourclasscantworkoutthisproblem.Soit_beverydifficult.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need12.Itsstillearly.You_.A.mustnthurryB.wouldnthurryC.maynothurryD.donthavetohurry13.Acomputer_thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo. A.cantB.couldntC.maynotD.mightnot14.-CouldIborrowyourdictionary?-Y

14、es,ofcourseyou_. A.mightB.willC.canD.should15._Iknowyourname? A.MayB.WillC.ShallD.Must16.I_liketoknowwhereyouwereborn.A.shallB.shouldC.doD.may17._youbehappy!A.MightB.MustC.WishD.MayCADCBCACBDCDACACDCDACA非謂語動詞一、不定式動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作句子的謂語。其構(gòu)成形式為to 動詞原形，to為動詞不定式的符號，本身無意義。動詞不定式具有兩大特點(diǎn)：1.具有動

15、詞的特點(diǎn)，因此，后面可以跟表語、賓語或狀語，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語。2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)，可以在句子中用作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語、定語、表語及同位語等。一、動詞不定式作主語1. Its our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肅省)2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時(shí)間。It will _the workers

16、over a year _ _the flyover.(北京市海淀區(qū))4. Its very nice _you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)簡析動詞不定式作主語時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語動詞前面的主語位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語，而將真正的主語(不定式)置于后面。常見的句式有：(1)It is 形容詞(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is 名詞(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do

17、sth.(4)It is 形容詞(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容詞，與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語的屬性或性質(zhì)；句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，表示不定式表示的動作、行為的性質(zhì)。二、動詞不定式作賓語1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)2. Dont forget

18、_ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult _A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D簡析在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， rememb

19、er等動詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語。如果其后接形容詞補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，則可以用it作形式賓語，而把作真正賓語的不定式放到后面。三、動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江蘇省)2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks

20、C. to cook D. cooked (甘肅省)Key： 1. B 2. C簡析不定式可以用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。后面可以接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。四、動詞不定式作狀語1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)

21、Key： 1. A 2. C簡析go， come， try， do / try ones best等動詞或短語動詞作謂語時(shí)，其后常?？梢越硬欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z。3. Im sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad _her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets Keys： 3.

22、 D 4. B 5. A簡析be 形容詞 to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式作狀語，常表示原因或方式。6. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.(改為意思相同的句子)The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (廣東省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. (改為意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ people _ _ _.

23、 (廣東省)Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on簡析在上述too 形容詞/副詞(for sb)to do(太而不能)和enough (for sb) to do(足以、足夠做)結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作結(jié)果狀語。五、動詞不定式作定語1. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework _.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)3. He

24、is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山東省)簡析不定式作定語時(shí)，常放在被修飾的詞語之后，與被修飾的詞語為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系；如果不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成的短語動詞相當(dāng)于及物動詞。六、不帶to的動詞不定式1. We saw him _the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)2. So much work usually m

25、akes them _very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel 3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better _.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陜西省)4. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. didKey： 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C簡析1.在see， wa

26、tch， hear， feel等感官動詞和make， have， let等使役動詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式不帶to.但是在被動語態(tài)中，作主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式要帶to(let沒有被動語態(tài))。2.在had better后面接不帶to的不定式。七、動詞不定式的否定形式1. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jumpC. didnt jump D. not jump (廣西壯族自治區(qū))2. The old man told the child _ noisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to n

27、ot be D. be not (湖北省)3. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late.A. have， not to be B. have，not beC. be， not to be D. be， not be (內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū))Key： 1. A 2. B 3. C簡析動詞不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符號to的前面加上not，如果是不帶to的不定式就直接在動詞原形前面加上not.八、某些動詞后面接不定式和接動詞-ing形式的區(qū)別1. Please stop _a rest if you fe

28、el tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has (廣西)2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took 3. Lets have a rest, shall we?Not now, I cant stop _ the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)4. Jim was ba

29、dly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk). (用所給單詞的正確形式填空簡析一些常見的動詞后面接不定式和接動詞的-ing形式的區(qū)別如下：stop to do sth意為停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事，stop doing sth意為停止正在做的事：remember to do sth意為記住去做某事(事還未做)，remember doing sth意為記得做過某事(事已做)：go on to do sth意為接著做某事(做完一事，接著做另一事)，go on doing sth意為繼續(xù)做某事(一事未做完接著往下做)：forget to do sth意為忘了做某事(事

30、還未做)，forget doing sth意為忘了曾做過某事(事已做)。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head.A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省)6. A woman saw it _ when she was walking past.A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龍江省)Key： 5. B 6. A簡析在see， hear， watch， feel等感官動詞+do，也可接動詞的-ing

31、形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，用原形表示動作的全過程(動作已結(jié)束)，用動詞的-ing形式表示動作正在進(jìn)行(動作尚未結(jié)束)。九、動詞不定式的省略及其符號to的保留1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us?Yes, _. What time are we going to meet?A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. Id like to (浙江省)2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us?_. What time are we going to meet?A.

32、No, I cant B. Yes, Im gladC. Yes, Id love to D. Id like (大連市)Keys： 1. D 2. C簡析在口語中，動詞不定式中的動詞或短語動詞在上下文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，第二個動詞不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。這種用法常見于be glad to，would like (love) to，have to等結(jié)構(gòu)中。十、動詞不定式的被動式和其他形式The new hospital _ is near the factory.A. build B. builds C. to build D. to be built (青海省)Key： D簡析當(dāng)不定式的

33、邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者(賓語)時(shí)，用動詞不定式的被動式，即：to be 過去分詞；如果不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前，不定式用完成式，即：to have 過去分詞；如果不定式表示的動作和謂語動詞表示的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，用不定式的進(jìn)行式，即：to be 現(xiàn)在分詞練習(xí)：1. Dont forget _ the letter.A. to send B. sendC. sending D. being sent2. The chair looks very old， but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit o

34、n C. be sat D. be sat on3. Is _necessary to return the book tomorrow？A. thisB. thatC. itD. which4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke5. Mother told me _the water before I drank it.A. boilingB. boiledC. boilD. to boil6. On my way home，I stopped _some f

35、ood.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. bought7. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing8. The sitting-room needs _， but itll have to wait until Saturday.A. be cleaning B. to be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned9. The first thing I want to do is _.A.

36、visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him10. Li Yang advised me _too much， otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking二、動名詞動詞的-ing形式既包括動名詞又包括現(xiàn)在分詞，在英語中使用極其廣泛，因此要求每位學(xué)生對其都應(yīng)清楚了解并正確運(yùn)用。下面就動詞的-ing形式在句中做定語總結(jié)如下：動詞的-ing形式做定語在句中通常有兩個位置，如果是單個的動詞的-i

37、ng形式做定語，常放在被修飾詞前做前置定語；如果是動詞的-ing形式的短語做定語，常放在被修飾詞后做后置定語。如：1.He is an attacking player.他是一個攻擊型的運(yùn)動員。2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一個令人難堪的問題。3.A little child learning to walk often falls.學(xué)走路的小孩常常跌跤。4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party？你知道來參加晚會的人數(shù)嗎？注意：當(dāng)-ing形式做后置定語時(shí)，可以相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的定語從句

38、。如：1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁邊的姑娘是我表妹。-ing形式做定語通常從以下三方面考查，即：1)說明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)，特征或用途。如：1.They set up an operating ta

39、ble in a small temple.2.He may be in the reading room，for all I know.他說不定在閱覽室里。3.Ladies and gentlemen，please go and wait in the meeting room.2)與被修飾詞為主動關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行的動作。如：1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher？3)有些-ing形式已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞，常做定語用來

40、修飾物，表示“令人”。常用的此類詞有：exciting，amusing，amazing，astonishing，shocking，puzzling，confusing，disappointing，discouraging，pleasing，striking，boring，tiring，touching，moving，interesting，satisfying，terrifying，frightening等。如：1.That must have been a terrifying experience.那準(zhǔn)時(shí)一段可怕的經(jīng)歷。2.The experiment was an amazing suc

41、cess.那項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)是一個驚人的成功。3.There is a page missing from this book.這本書缺了一頁。除了-ing形式能做定語外，如果-ing形式與被修飾詞是被動關(guān)系，就用它的被動式，即being done.being doing通常表示正在被做，常做后置定語。如：1.The tall building being built now is our new school.正在被建的高樓是我們的新學(xué)校。2.The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.-ing形式做定語專練1.The la

42、dy said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A.20 dollars remainedB.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollarsD.remaining 20 dollars.2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _the desert.A.covering B.covered C.cover D.to cover3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign stude

43、nts _ Chinese in the school，most _were from Germany.A.study;of whom B.study;of them C.studying;of them D.studying;of whom4.The question _ at present has something important to do with our daily life.A.to be discussing B.to discuss C.been discussed D.being discussed5.China is a_country_to the third w

44、orld.A.developed;belongs B.developing;belonging C.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged6.-Who is the man_to the teacher？-A model worker_our school.A.talks，visits B.is talking;is visiting C.talking;visiting D.talking;visited7.How many of us_，say，a meeting that has nothing to do with us will be inter

45、ested in the discussion？A.attend B.attendingC.to attend D.have attended8.The flowers_sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smellingC.smelt D.to be smelt三、分詞一.概念: 分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種,是一種非謂語動詞形式二.相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)精講:1.現(xiàn)在分詞的用法： 1) 做表語：He was very amusing. That book was r

46、ather boring. exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling. 2) 作定語：上面所出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語, 修飾一個名詞： That must have been a terrifying experience. I found him a charming person. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語還可以放在名詞的后面修飾名詞, 相當(dāng)于一個定語從句： There are a few boys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting outside. 3) 作狀語： 現(xiàn)在分詞短語可以表示一個同時(shí)發(fā)生的次要的或伴隨的動作： Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain. Opening the drawer, he took out a box. Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語還可以表示原因, 相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句： Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. Being unem