冠詞的用法詳細(xì)講解

1、冠詞的用法詳解英語中冠詞分為定冠詞the和不定冠詞a/an兩種。冠詞一般不單獨(dú)使用，往往放在名詞前面，表示不同的意義。一：a和an區(qū)另1JA用于輔音前，an用于元音前。特別注意的是an用于元音因素（發(fā)音）而不是字母前。1 .拼寫以輔音字母開頭讀音卻以元音開頭的單詞hour, honest, honor等單詞的拼寫雖然以輔音字母h開頭，但其讀音卻以元音開頭，因此，前面要用an?？墒煊浵旅孢@句話：An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task.（小時(shí)前 , 位誠實(shí)的人接受了一項(xiàng)光榮的任務(wù)。）2 .拼寫以元音字母開頭讀音卻以輔音開頭的單詞u

2、seful, university, usual, European, united, one-eyed, one-way等單詞的拼寫雖然以元音字母開頭，但其讀音卻以元音開頭，因此，前面要用a?？墒煊浵旅孢@句話：In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one-way road with a usualtool. This is a usual thing.（在一所大學(xué)里，有一個(gè)歐洲人和一個(gè)獨(dú)眼龍拿著有用的工具沿著一條單行道行走，這是件平常的事。）如：Five years ago her brother was un

3、iversity student of physics.（ 上海卷）A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. a; /附析】答案選D。因?yàn)閡niversity是以輔音j開頭的要用a,排除B和C; physics是學(xué)科名 詞，前面不用冠詞 。3 .英文字母前用a還是用an的問題在 26 個(gè)英文字母中， A ei, e i, f ef, h eitf I ai, lel m em , n en o ou ra sesxeks等 12 個(gè)字母的讀音是以元音開頭的， 因此前面要用an。 其余字母則是以輔音開頭的。如：Please pay attention to your sp

4、elling. You have dropped ”m ” here. （ 全國卷 ）A. an B. the C. / D. aThere is a “u ,an m and a p in the word“jump:.附析】答案選Ao因?yàn)樽帜竚的發(fā)音是以元音e開頭的，所以用an;這里的an的意義與one 相當(dāng) ， 表示 “一個(gè) ”。 an NBA star 一個(gè)籃球明星an MIT student. 一個(gè)麻省理工的學(xué)生二 ： 不定冠詞的用法1 ： 表示 “一個(gè) ”與 “one ”相同Rome wasn t built in a day.He put a finger in his mout

5、h, tasted it and smiled.2:與專有名詞連用， 表示 “某一 ”?！?一個(gè)叫 的人 ”。The little boy wants to be a Le Feng.A professor from Qinghua University will give us a lecture.A Mr smith is waiting for you at the school gate.3： 表示 “每一 ”相當(dāng)于 per ， 用于某些表示時(shí)間、 重量 、 長度等的單位前。500 dollars a day , four times a day , twice a day ,8 ho

6、urs a dayWe go swimming four times a week.4: a +most 表示 “非常 ”。Though it is a most interesting book in these books ,it is not the most interesting one.This is a most troublesome case.5: a+序數(shù)詞，表示 再一 “、又一 ”You can try it a second time if you failWhen I sat down a fifth man rose to speak.6:a(n)+名詞，作表語表職

7、業(yè)。He is a professor .She is a engineer.但是 He turned sailor after he grew up.= He became a sailor after he grew up7: 表示 同一才目同，等于 the same ”They are of an age.=They are of the same age.Birds of a feather flock togetherThe two shirts are much of a size.8:在感嘆句中What a splendid performance it is .How seri

8、ous a problem it is .9:在so, as ,too ,how+ 形容詞之后He is so famous a poet that he is admired by othersIt is as fine a day as I have ever spent,It is too difficult a book for you to read .He doesn t know how precious a thing it is.10:在 half, many , quite ,rather 之后參考材料Half a dozen of apples , many a flow

9、er ,quite a good idea ,rather a clever boy ,such a funny expressionHe is quite a good actor.Dont be in such a hurry.11:第一次提到的人或事物，但不特別指明是哪一個(gè)Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.12;表示一類人和東西A tiger can be dangerous.A teacher must love his students.A bad workman quarrel

10、s with his tools.A dog is a faithful animal.=Dogs are faithful animals.13:物質(zhì)名詞的具體化，The people in China like tea and green tea is a wonderful tea.We don t have much rain here ,but last night we had a heavy rain.Please give me a coffee .( a cup of coffee)14:抽象名詞的具體化The sports meet was a great success.

11、It is an honour to be invited to the party.Reading is a pleasure for me.15:世界上獨(dú)一無二的東西前有修飾語時(shí)：We hope we can see a full moon tonight.China hopes to see a peaceful and friendly world in the 21st century.16: 在表示季節(jié)、 月份 、 日期 、 三餐前有修飾語時(shí)We had a very cold winter last year.This happened on a cold night.We ha

12、d a wonderful lunch at that party.17: 首次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前There is a man and an animal at the gate.18: 某些固定短語中：a great/good deal of ,a good many of ,a number of ,a lot of ,as a result of ,all of a sudden ,get in a word ,have a cold ,go for a walk, in a hurry ,after a while ,once in a while ,as a matte of fa

13、ct ,once upon a time ,have a word with ,one at a time ,a waste of三 ： 使用定冠詞的情況：1 ： 表示特定的人或物The book on the desk is mine.The girl in blue is my sister.2:上文提到的人或物前面I bought a shirt yesterday .The shirt was very beautifulThey have a son and a daughter .The song is a lawyer and the daughter is a nurse.3:

14、表示談話人雙方都知道的人或物Jack， close the window please.The manager is in the office.3： 用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示類別， 相當(dāng)于不定冠詞表示類別A lion is a dangerous animal.=The lion is a dangerous animal.=Lions are dangerous animals.5:在表示整個(gè)類別的名詞前The tiger is in danger of dying out.The lion is more fierce than the wolf.6:在表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物的名詞前，但

15、是前面有修飾語時(shí)可以用不定冠詞The sun /moon/star/earth/world/sky /universe/seaThe moon cast a shadow on the wall.A bright moon hangs over the garden.7:在表示方向、方位的名詞前In the east/west/south/north. On the right/left ,in the middleThe wind is blowing from the east.Turn (to the )left, and you will find the cinema.8:在表示自然

16、現(xiàn)象的名詞前The weather/climate /wind. 但是 nature 前不用冠詞The farmers are complaining about the weather.9:用于形容詞之前表示一類人或物The poor/sick/rich/wounded/dead/deaf/blind/public/living /youngThe rich are not always happier than the poor.Soon he would be among the unemployed.You cant expect them to do the impossible.1

17、0:表示樂器、娛樂場所名詞前參考材料I like playing the piano/violin/flute/guitar.I used to go the cinema/concert/theater/party.11:表示某項(xiàng)發(fā)明單數(shù)名詞前The compass was invented in China 2000years ago.Who invented the telephone?12:用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級前The earliest coins in the world were used in China.He is always the first to come to s

18、chool.13:在 only, same ,right ,very 之前 just 之后He was the only person invited to the ball in the office.Don t make the same mistake again.比較：This is the very book that I m eager to read.This is just the book that I m eager to read.14:用在復(fù)數(shù)的姓氏前表示一家人或者夫婦The Jones will come to the party tonight.The smiths

19、 love animals.15:與民族、國籍的名詞連用指全體The Chinese are a hardworking people.The English re proud of their sense of humour.16:在越來越”的結(jié)構(gòu)中The more he has ,the more he wants.The more learned he is ,the more modest he is.17:用在世紀(jì)或者逢十進(jìn)位的復(fù)數(shù)年代前In the 19th century, in the 1980s,in the 1980s18:在抓打人體某部位名詞前Pat/strike/hit

20、 sb on the head/nose/shoulder/backTake /catch/seize sb by the arm/hand/collar/sleeve19:在表示劑量的名詞前By the dozen/ton/pound/month/day/week/hourBy dozens /hundreds/inches但是，by weight/volume, 按重量、體積計(jì)算不用the20：用于特指的不可數(shù)名詞前Did you take the advice that he gave you about the matter?The air in the room is fresh.2

21、1:用于江、河、湖、海、洋、運(yùn)河等專有名詞前the Yangtze River .the West Lake ,the Red sea the Atlantic Ocean .the Panama Canel22:用于山脈群島等專有名詞前，但是孤島孤山前不用冠詞the Alps, the Philipines , Mount Tai23:用于表示海灣、海峽、沙漠等專有名詞前The T aiwan Straits, the English Channel, the Sahara Desert24:含有普通名詞的專有名詞前the People s Republic of China, the Un

22、ited Stated of American25:表示公共建筑的專有名詞前the Great Wall, the Summer Palace the childrens palace26 :用于階級、黨派、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名詞前the United Nations , the Chinese Communist Party27:報(bào)紙、雜志、會(huì)議、條約、歷史事件、時(shí)期、朝代前the Times the xi an Incident the Middle Ages the Ming Dynasty/period the Atlantic Pact大西洋公約順口溜：特指重提和唯一方位順序和樂器 姓氏

23、復(fù)數(shù)國全名 島嶼海峽和海灣 年代團(tuán)體 和機(jī)關(guān)海洋黨派最高級 沙漠河流與群山 船名建筑和組織 會(huì)議條約和報(bào)刊 請你記住用定冠四：不用冠詞的情況：1：表示一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Children begin school at the age of six.We must tell friends from enemies.2當(dāng)man表示人類，或者當(dāng)man ,woman 表示全體時(shí)Man can t live without water.Man is stronger than woman.Man has existed for thousands of years.3:在表示家人稱謂或稱呼前Co

24、me in ,boy.Mother is not at home.4:不含普通名詞的專有名詞前Zhou Lan was performing in her first competition.Russia is the largest country in the world.The building stands on Linclon Street.China is no longer the China （特指）of the past.5：當(dāng)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)Failure is the mother of success.Health is better than wealth.He

25、 has no sense of humour.I cant catch the humour （ 特指）of his talk.6:當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí)：Paper is made from wood.Clothes are made of cloth.比較：We can t live without air.The air in the room is fresh.7：當(dāng)名詞前有指示代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格時(shí)，序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞修飾時(shí)Paul remembers one of his first lessons from this teacher.His heart is beati

26、ng wildly with fear.A bomb exploded and destroyed his house.8:在表示季節(jié)、月份、日期、星期等的名詞前In summer/autumn/spring/winter但是 in the spring（ 特指）of 1949參考材料In January/February/March/ , on Sunday/Monday/Wednesday9:在節(jié)日、假日等名詞前on Christmas Day on New Years Day on National Day但是與festival連用，要用theThe Middle-Autumn Fest

27、ival the spring Festival the Dragon Festival the Lantern Festival10:在語言名詞前一般不加冠詞。如：I wrote a letter to my friend in English yesterday evening .11在表示學(xué)科的名詞前不加冠詞。如:I like physics best .12:在球類運(yùn)動(dòng)之前不加冠詞。如：The young man almost plays football every day13:在一日三餐之前，不加冠詞。如：I had lunch at school last term .14、許多

28、有關(guān)組織機(jī)構(gòu)和交通工具的短語中，不加冠詞。如：He s going to Beijing by plane .15:在語言名詞前一般不加冠詞。如：I wrote a letter to my friend in English yesterday evening但是與language連用時(shí)要加Chinese the Chinese language16: school , college , bed , prison , hospital這些若不是指具體的東西時(shí)不用冠詞。如：He lay in bed till night .17:kind /sort /type of + 名詞，名詞不用冠詞

29、Those sorts of dogs are really dangerous .The concert attracted all kinds of people.18:在表示獨(dú)一無二的頭銜時(shí)名詞在句中作表語、同位語、補(bǔ)語或介詞的賓語時(shí)，以及表示頭銜、職位的名詞與姓氏連用時(shí)：We elected him president of the society.Tom was captain of the ship.Premier Zhu was on a visit to Japan at that time.Professor Jackson is giving us a lecture on

30、 environment protection.比較：Mr .smith was head of the company.The head of the company is Mr smith.19:在日夜的各個(gè)階段前At daybreak/sunrise/dawn/noon/dark/night/midnightAt/by/before/after 4 oclock但是 in the morning /afternoon/evening20. in+書寫工具或顏料時(shí)Please write in ink/red/black.但是 please write with a pen /pencil

31、.21:and ,after ,by ,from連接對等的名詞時(shí)Day and night day after day day by day shoulder to shoulder arm in arm face toface little by littleFrom beginning to end from time to time from east to west from morning tillnight22 : 表示程度的形容詞最高級做表語時(shí)， 但是有比較范圍的用theWe are busiest on Sunday.This book is most useful.Of al

32、l methods , this is the most effective.She is the younger of the two.23 :turn, go 做 “變?yōu)?”“ 成為 ”時(shí) ， 后面的名詞前不用冠詞He was a medical student before he turned writer.He has gone socialist.比較 ：He became a lawyer when he grew upHe turned lawyer when he grew up24 as ,though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的倒裝句中， 名詞前不用冠詞Child as he i

33、s ,he knows a lot about computer.=though he is a child he knows a lot about computer.Professor as he is ,he is very modest. = Though he is a professor ,he is very modest.25 , 在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中， 名詞 + 介詞 + 名詞的名詞前The man climbed in ,sword in hand.The old man stood there ,pipe in mouth.比較 ：He sat at the table ,p

34、en in hand.He sat at the table ,a pen in his hand.He sat at the table ,with a pen in his hand.He sat at the table and a pen was in his hand.26:有些不可數(shù)名詞盡管有形容詞修飾也不用冠詞What fine weather it is.It is great fun to watch a close match.Here is good news for you.He has made great progress in English.He got use

35、ful information about computer.I wish you good luck in the evening.What good advice he gave us on how to learn English.27 :在固定短語中，有時(shí)也不用冠詞At home at first at least at present at work at most at home and broad by means of catch hold of catch sight of catch fire come into being come into action come in

36、to power come into use do justice to 公平地對待 , 公正地評判 do damage to do good to do wrong to冤枉某人 ,對不起某人do harm to for instance have words with in spite of in need ofIn charge of In search of in time of in place of代替 in advance in public inbusiness in silence in chains 上著鐐銬，在囚禁中，戴著鐐銬 in common in sight in

37、danger in space in debt in high/low spirits in doubt in favour of in surprise In groups in time in height 在高度、身高上 in modern times in order in trouble in use 在使用著的，在用的in other wordsin case leave wordmake friends withmake fun ofmake roomfor make use of make repairson second thought(s)On time on foot o

38、nout of sight out ofshow 展出,展覽,在展出 on duty on sale out of breathwork out of controlout of doorspay attention toput . into practice 實(shí)施, 實(shí)使燃燒，點(diǎn)燃set . on fire = set fire tostarve to death sentence . to deathstand at attentionsend word shake handsturn . into五：.有無冠詞，意義不一樣1. at table 在進(jìn)餐時(shí)2. a knife and fork 刀叉3. by hand手工做的4. by day 在白天5. by sea乘船6. in hospital住院7. in fr