第二部分第二講代詞和介詞

1、第二講代詞和介詞_f埼贏合f阮w 咎曲_心特髙即杰 汽、>",學生用書P251)代詞一、不定代詞1. something , anything , nothing 的區(qū)另Usometh ing(1) 一般用于肯定句，表示“某事，某物”；被認為是重要的或值得注意的事；(2) 也可用于疑問句，表示請求、邀請、征詢意見等。anything(1) 表示 任何東西，任何事物，般用于否疋句、疑冋句或條件句；(2) 也可用于肯定句，當“任何事情”講；(3) anything but 根本不。nothing表示 役有什么，役有 件東西，常用于陳述句，表示否定意義。 (2014 高考新課標全國卷

2、 I )True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.真正的創(chuàng)造力是一種利用現(xiàn)成的東西并從中創(chuàng)作出新的東西的 能力。 (2014 高考浙江卷)While staying in the village , James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything in return.在村子里待的那段時間，詹姆斯無私地同村民分享他所擁有的一切，而不

3、要任何東西作 為回報。2. none , nothing , no one/nobody 的用法比較nonenone既指人也指物， 后面可接of短語，一般用來回答 how many, how much和which的提問。nothingnothing只指事物，后面不能接of短語，用來回答 what的提冋。no one/n obodyno one和nobody只指人不指物，其后不接of短語，一般回答 who的提冋。 （2015 東莞調(diào)研）一How much bread is there?還有多少面包？Nonewish you could offer me some.一一一點也沒有了。我希望你能給我

4、一些。 （2015河南豫北三校高三聯(lián)考 ）一What have you been doing today?今天你都干了什么？Oh , nothing special, just hanging around.一一哦，沒有什么特別的，只是閑逛。3. the other , other, an other , others 的用法比較the otherthe other可單獨使用，特指兩個人或物中的“另一個”；也可修飾名詞表示“另外的”。otherother不能單獨使用，只能修飾名詞，表示泛指意義。可單獨使用，也可修飾名詞，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個”，代ano ther替或修飾單數(shù)可

5、數(shù)名詞。另外an other后可接 基數(shù)詞/few +復數(shù)名詞 形式，表示“另外的（多少）”。others單獨使用，表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some一起出現(xiàn)；特指其他的全部人或事物時用the others。 I ' spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing.我準備把我假日時間的一半用來練習英語，另一半時間學習繪畫。 （2015 齊魯名校聯(lián)合測試 ）The microblog has become another classroom for me , a

6、nd theteachers are all big names in academia.微博已成為我的第二課堂，這里的老師們都是學術界的 大師級人物。 （2014 高考新課標全國卷 I ）Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. 明白別人的想法對于孩子們來說可能是一個難題。4. it, that , one的用法比較it特指前面提到過的冋一個人 或者物。I can 'tfind my hat , I don' t know where I put it.thatthat用來替代前面出現(xiàn)的特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)

7、名詞或特指的不（2015 濟南模擬）The basic design of the car is very similar to that of the earlier model.可數(shù)名詞，相當于the+單數(shù)/ 不可數(shù)名詞。 The scenery in the souther n mountains is quite differe nt from that of the city in the n orth.one指代前面出現(xiàn)過的那類事物 中的“ 一個”，其復數(shù)形式為 on es。 We've bee n look ing for a cheap house but have n

8、'tfo und one yet. Mr.Zha ng gave me a veryvaluable present, one( = a present) that I had n ever see n. The book on the desk is bettertha n the one (= the book) un der the desk.5.both , all, either , any , neither , none 的用法都任何都不兩者botheithern either二者或二者以上allanynone 一Would you like tea or coffee?

9、你要喝茶還是咖啡？Neither , thanks.一一都不要，謝謝。 (2014高考重慶卷)We both got tired of each other.我們兩個都相互厭倦。二、指示代詞的用法1. this , these, that, those 的用法this與these往往指時間或空間較近的人或物；that與those指時間或空間較遠的人或物。Is there any way of solving these problems?有什么解決這些問題的方法嗎？2. such , so的用法(1) such指如前所述的這樣的人或物。Such is Cao Mao Sister, a dil

10、igent farmer with great passions in music. 這就是草帽姐，一個 勤勞同時又對音樂有很大熱情的農(nóng)民。(2) so作指示代詞時，代替一個句子或短語所表達的事情，一般用在believe, th ink , expect,suppose, imagi ne, guess, hope 等后面，女口 I think so./I don 'th ink so.。Is he coming toni ght?一一他今晚來嗎？I thi nk so./I don 'th ink so.我想是的。/我認為他不來。三、it的用法it作形式主語或形式賓語代指不定

11、式、動詞-ing形式、名詞性從句。 He didn't make it clear when and where the meet ing would be held. It's no use complaining without takingactio n.表示“喜歡、恨”等心理方面的動詞后面接it,構成固疋結構，這類動詞有enjoy, prefer,love, like , hate, dislike , appreciate 等。（2015皖北協(xié)作區(qū)高三聯(lián)考 ）一A lovely day , isn' t it ?Yes.I love it when the w

12、eather is like this.Why not go out for a walk ?when it comes to.當提及至U When it comes to saving energy, big changes start with small steps , like turning off the lights.make it成功；確定時間為 （后接時間類名詞）；as it is事實上；照原樣；get it明白了；take it for gran ted that.認為是理所當然的Sarah made it to the airport just in time to ca

13、tch her pla ne this morning.一、常考介詞歸納1. against（表示方位）依靠著；碰，撞；反對；以為背景，襯托；預防（2014高考江蘇卷）She fought against her American identity.她和自己的美國身份抗爭。2. off（表示位置）在的外面，在的沿海；（表示時間）在之前；（表示方向）從通向，偏離，從離開（2014 高考四川卷）ln fact, they' re hard to spot, because they usually fly off when they hear huma ns approachi ng.事實

14、上，很難發(fā)現(xiàn)它們，因為聽到有人靠近時它們通常會飛走。3. by不遲于；在旁邊；到為止；按照，根據(jù)；通過方式；增減的幅度（2014 高考新課標全國卷 I ）By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.無論將來情況如何，通過幫助他們發(fā)展可以為他們很好服務的 經(jīng)典技能。4. beyond（時間）過了，比晚，遲于；（位置）在另一邊，超出之外；（表示程度）為 所不及，超出的范圍No one hopes that the situation between

15、China and Japan is beyond control due to the Diaoyu Islands.沒人希望中日關系因釣魚島事件失控。5with和在一起；帶有，擁有；隨著；用工具；就來說；對于，關于；（表示原因）由于，因為（2014 高考陜西卷）The Scottish girl with blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Co ntest那個藍眼睛的蘇格蘭女孩在第五屆漢語演講比賽中獲得了一等獎。6over在上方；越過；超過；（表示時間或過程）在期間（2014 高考新課標全國卷 n ）. .S

16、imon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）.西蒙把他的朋友順到了一個峭壁邊上。7. for為了； 代表； 因為， 由于； 對于， 關于， 在方面； 以為代價； 贊成， 支持； 就 而言。（2014 高考山東卷）She decl ined and in stead went to work for Sedgewick.她拒絕了，而是為 Sedgewick 做事。二、介詞短語和介詞的固定搭配1 . at 名詞at sea 茫然，在大海上； at will 任意地； at work 在上班； at lunch 在吃午飯； at t

17、able 在吃 飯；at peace處于和平狀態(tài)2. by +名詞by accident 偶然地； by chance 碰巧； by mistake 錯誤地； by the way 順便說3. beyond 名詞beyond description 難以形容； beyond words 無法用語言形容； beyond doubt 無疑； beyond one'rseach 夠不著4. in 名詞in adva nee 在前頭，事先，預先； in case以防，萬一；in charge 主管，看管； in com mon 共有，共同； in demand 很需要； in order 按順

18、序，井然有序，情況良好； in progress 進行中； in return 作為回報； in turn 依次，轉而； in vain 徒勞； in shape 健康狀況良好5. on +名詞on purpose 故意地； on leave 在休假； on holiday 在度假； on sale 出售； on time 準時； on the air 正在廣播； on the other hand 另一方面（2014 高考江西卷 ）Starti ng your own bus in ess could be a way to achievi ng finan cial independenc

19、e.On the other hand ， it could just put you in debt.開始你自己的事業(yè)可能是一種獲得經(jīng)濟獨立的方法。另一方面，它可能將你置于債務之 中。6. under 名詞under construction 在建設中； under consideration 在考慮中； under repair 在修理中7. out of 名詞out of breath 上氣不接下氣； out of balanee 失去平衡； out of date 過時； out of patienee 不 耐煩； out of control 失去控制； out of touch 失

20、去聯(lián)系8. in 名詞 ofin case of 如果； in fear of 擔心，害怕； in honour of 為紀念， 對表示敬意； in memoryof為紀念;in place of代替；in search of尋找，尋求；in sight of在看得見的地方；in support of 支持，支援；in face of 面對；in exchange of 與交換；in terms of 就而言；in view of鑒于，根據(jù)9. 其他?？冀樵~短語for the sake of 為了； on behalf of 代表；apart from 除了； in addition to 除

21、了； on the basis of以為基礎（2014 高考天津卷 ）In addition to the school, the village has a clinic , which was also built with government support.除了學校，村莊里還有一個診所，該診所也是在政府的資助下建起來的。專項釧綜涉涉為管自我檢剛査缺補漏,學生用書P254）I .用適當?shù)慕樵~完成下列句子1. （2014 高考北京卷 ）Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaveshalf an hour.答案：in2

22、. （2014 高考重慶卷）She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost wenttheroad.答案：off3. （2014 高考江西卷）lt is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple lifehisgreat wealth.答案：despite4. （2014 高考浙江卷 ）People won' pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas oftheir own cryingexpressi on.答案：for

23、5. （2013 高考陜西卷 ）The manager wants to see changes in the company , and I am sure hewilltime.答案：in6. （2013 高考新課標全國卷 n ）A serious study of physics is impossiblesomekno wledge of mathematics.答案：without7. Those wine bottles areof place in the children plasroom.I will take them out in no time.答案：out8. vie

24、w of the weather , our school sports meet has to be held in the in door stadium.答案：In9. This experie nee teaches me a less on: Never judge a pers on simplythe basis of the first impressi on.答案：on10. The young sin ger is quite popular the public.Shemade a remarkable achievement for a girl of her age.

25、答案： with11 Do you know any other foreign language English?答案： besides12The play begins at 6 ：40 pm.So we have to be at the theatre 6 ：30 pm.atthe latest.答案： by13 His movie won several awards at the film festival ， which was his wildestdreams.答案： beyond14Workers approaching retirement should be savin

26、g more ，not less，as a result low rate of interest.答案： of15 It is dangerous to judge the basis of first impressions.答案： on16 top of their cultures ， Americans have taken over from the Indians manyother things.答案： On17 The girl a red dress is my sister ， and the red dress looks beautiful on her.答案： in

27、18 terms of character teaching ，storytelling is one of the best ways to get yourpoints across， especially to young kids.答案： In19 David was always his best in any danger ， but at that moment he froze.答案： at20His cellphone ，which cost him hundreds of dollars last year ，is of order andneeds repairing，

28、though it still looks new.答案： outn .根據(jù)所給漢語提示，用適當?shù)拇~填空1. （2014高考安徽卷）你可以向任何一個人求助，這里的每一個人都愿意幫助你。You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand.答案： Everyone2. （2014高考浙江卷）去年平均降雨量僅為18.75厘米，使其成為自1850年加利福尼亞 州成立以來最干旱的一年。An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year ， making the driest ye

29、ar sinceCalifornia became a state in 1850.答案： it3. （2014高考江蘇卷）優(yōu)秀的家庭對其成員們來說意味著很多，但并不是一切。Good families are much to all their members ， but to none.答案： everything4. （2013高考陜西卷）盡管Rosemary多年來遭受嚴重的疾病折磨，但是她從沒有失去對 生活的熱情。Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years ， she lost ofher enthusi

30、asm for life.答案： none5. （2013高考四川卷）主街上交通燈的綠燈指示時間比小街上的綠燈指示時間長。The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than on the small ones.答案： that6. 新科技使以更快的速度、更低的成本生產(chǎn)新產(chǎn)品成為可能。New technologies have made possible to turn out new products faster and at alower cost.答案： it7. 我在什么地方等你，在家還是在學校？ Where s

31、hall I wait for you ， at home or at school? 都可以，你說了算。 . It is up to you.答案： Either8. 如果你能開車送我進城，我將很感激。I 'dappreciate if you could drive me downtown.答案： it9. 你能過來幫我再找一把剪刀嗎？ Would you come and help me find another pair of scissors? 為什么是我？湯姆一整天都無所事事。 Why ？ Tom has nothing to do all day.答案： me10 .邁克

32、，你今天的狀態(tài)似乎不太好。 Mike ，you don't seem to be quite today.我昨晚幾乎沒有睡，我在準備一個報告。 Well ， I hardly slept last night.I was preparing for a report. 答案： yourself11. 絕不能嘲笑別人的失敗，因為沒有人喜歡被嘲笑。Never laugh at the failure of ， because enjoys being laughed at.答案： others； nobody12 . Lily 是唯一注意到我進教室的人，所有其他人都沉浸在閱讀中。Lily

33、was the only person who noticed me coming into the classroom， allabsorbed in reading.答案： the others13. 簡 愛的作者夏洛蒂 勃朗特一生寫了好幾部小說，其中有一本是在她去世四年后 的 1859 年才出版的。Charlotte Bront? ， the author of JaneEyre ， wrote several novels in life ， one of published in 1859 ， four years after her death.答案： them14. 經(jīng)理拒絕接受

34、三個建議中的任何一個。The manager refused to accept of the three suggestions.答案： any15. 你的家庭作業(yè)完成多少了？ How much homework have you finished? 一點也沒有做。 No ， 答案： none16這周我們將舉行一次模擬考試，下周我們還將再舉行兩次模擬考試。We are going to have one model test this week and two the next week.答案： another 17在黎巴嫩近一半的人認為一位婦女不帶頭巾出現(xiàn)在公共場合是可以接受的。Nearl

35、y half in Lebanon agree that is acceptable for a woman to appear inpublic without a headscarf.答案： it18一些人平穩(wěn)流暢，其他人則跌跌撞撞，大概是喝醉了。Some people moved in silky ，liquid movements ， were jerky ，probably drunk.答案： others19當人們真正累了的時候，什么也不能阻止他們睡覺 無論什么事。When people are really tired ， will stop them from falling

36、asleep whatever itis.答案： nothing20你可以從兩個選題中任選一個，但不要同時都選。You can choose of the topics ， but do not attempt both.答案： either 川.語篇填空 在下列空格中填入適當?shù)拇~。If you know me well ，you would know I don 't like birthday parties.At least ，I don't like birthday parties given for 1. I enjoy them when they 'f

37、roer 2.，butwhen they ' re for me，I just don't like 3. I remember one birthday party some friends of 4. had for me when I was astudent at the university.Of course ，I had told 5. best friend Henry that I didn 'wtanta party and I made him promise he wouldn 'dto 6. He agreed.I should hav

38、e knownbetter than to believe 7. On the day of my birthday ，we got home from school at about ，oh，I don't know ， three or half past three.We went inside and as usual 8.went into the bathroom and started toclose the door when suddenly from behind the shower curtain （浴簾 ）， a kind of strange female

39、voice started singing ，“ Happy birthday to you.Happy birthday to you. ”And then from all over the room， people joined in.There were about fifteen people hiding everywhere in the room.9 had got my roommate 'ksey and got in earlier.They had all planned to comeout of the hiding place just at the sa

40、me time while singing.I guess I really upset their plans by going in just to wash 10.hands.1 解析： 根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容可知，作者在此指本人。答案： me2 解析： 根據(jù)下文的 don't like 可知，作者不喜歡為自己舉辦的生日聚會，而是喜歡給 他人舉辦的生日聚會。答案： others3 解析： 根據(jù)前面的 when they're for me 可知，我不喜歡為自己舉辦的生日聚會。 答案： them4 解析： 根據(jù)英語雙重所有格的表示法可知，此處用名詞性物主代詞。答案： mine5 解析

41、： 從后面的 friend 可以看出，此處用形容詞性物主代詞。答案： my6解析：從前面的 I made him promise he wouldn 'tdo 可推知， 我讓他答應不做任何事情。 答案： anything7 解析： 根據(jù)語境可知，作者對自己相信他而感到自責。答案： him8 解析： 根據(jù)語境可知，指我像往常一樣進入浴室。答案： I9 解析： 指朋友拿到了我室友的鑰匙，提前進入了我的房間。答案： They10 解析： 指作者自己的手。答案： myIV .語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于 3個單詞 )或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Christmas is no

42、 fun when you ' repoor.Twenty years ago I was a young ，1.(struggle) ，substitute teacher whose calls into work had been few.Money wastight ， bills were due 2. my wife and I couldn 'etven afford to get Christmas gifts foreach other.The only gifts we could get for our children were a few soft toys that I had found3. (sell) at half price in the supermarket.I opened the door and brought in the gifts I4.