第五講-高中英語狀語從句詳解(共10頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上狀語從句一：狀語從句的定義、功能、分類定義：在復(fù)合句中作狀語的從句功能：狀語從句在主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動詞，形容詞或副詞，或整個主句分類：按意義可分為時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等狀語從句。位置：從句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首時，從句后面常用一個逗號，放在句末時，從句前一般不用逗號。二：考點與難點1、各種從屬連詞的含義及用法比較；2、no matter wh- 與 wh-ever 引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別；3、狀語從句的時態(tài)問題；4、狀語從句倒裝及省略； 5、狀語從句與其它從句的區(qū)別。三：九種常見狀語從句用法1. 時間狀語從句引導(dǎo)時間狀

2、語從句的從屬連詞1）.基本類：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once, as soon as, etc.2）. 名詞類the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant,etc. (一就); every time, each time, the last time, the first time, the day, the year, the morning etc.3）. 副詞類：immediately, directly, instantly, etc. (一.就.)4）.句型類：no s

3、oonerthan, hardly/scarcely when, etc. (一就)注意：1. when, as, while When when表示時間點時，從句中用短暫性動詞；表示時間段時，用持續(xù)性動詞。Eg:. When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. （when表示段時間） 2). He waved a hello when he saw her.（when表示點時間）. 可用作并列連詞，其意義為“這時 ,突然”，相當(dāng)于and then suddenly。常用于下列句式： be doing / be

4、about to do sth/ be on the point of doing / have/had done + whenEg.1). I was about to go out when the door bell rang. 2). One evening I was having my dinner when an unexpected friend knocked my door. 還可以表示原因,意思是 “既然”，相當(dāng)于 since; considering thatEg. 1). It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you co

5、uld easily walk there in five minutes . 2). How can he get good grades when he won't study?While  while通常表示一段時間，從句中常用持續(xù)性動詞作謂語。Eg: Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。while有時可以作并列連詞，表示對比，可譯成“然而”。Eg:  1). I am fond of English while he likes maths.while有時可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意思是“雖然”。Eg. While they lo

6、ve the children, they are strict with them.As 表示 一邊一邊，強調(diào)從句和主句中兩個動作交替進行或同步進行。eg: She is singing a song as she took a bath. as表示隨著 eg: As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer.2. till, until和notuntil1）until /till用于肯定句時，表示直到  為止，主句必須為持續(xù)性動詞。eg: We shall wait until / till he com

7、es back.2） Notuntil/till表示直到才  ，主句通常要用短暫性動詞。eg:  People do not know the value of their health till/ until they lose it.3) 當(dāng)not until位于句首時，主句中的主語、謂語要使用倒裝語序。eg: 直到那時，我才知道我錯了。 Not until then did I know I was wrong. 3. before：1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. “才2 We

8、 hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. “不到就” 3 Please write it down before you forget it. “趁”4Before I could remember a word, he had checked me. “還沒來得及” 5. 句型It will be/was段時間before“還要過多久才” 如：還有2年他才離國。 It will be two years before he leaves the country.6. 句型It will be/was not一段時間before“沒過多久就”。 如：沒過2

9、年他就離國了 It wasnt two years before he left the country.4since, ever since 1Since：自以來。表示動作從過去某一點時間一直延續(xù)到說話時間為止。主句中通常為現(xiàn)在完成時，從句中一般用一般過去時。Eg: 1). 自從我上次見你，你到哪里去了Where have you been since I last saw you。2ever since 從那時起直至現(xiàn)在，此后一直。Eg: He has been sad ever since the death of his wife. 2). 從她

10、小時候起，她就一直在集郵。Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps. 句型It is/has been段時間sinceEg: 1). Its two years since he was a college student. 他大學(xué)畢業(yè)已有兩年了 2).  It has been just a week since we arrived here. 我們 到那里有一個星期了。5. “一就”表達法：1) as soon as. Eg.一下課我就去廁所 I went to the toilet as soon as

11、the class was over.2) Immediately， instantly ， directlyEg:他一到家馬上就給她打了電話。They phoned her immediately they reached home.3) the moment, the minute, the instant, the secondEg: 1).他說他一回家就開電視。He said hed turn on TV the moment he got home.2). 告訴他他一回來我就要見他。Tell him I need to see him the minute he arriv

12、es. 4).hardly / scarcelywhen, no soonerthan 主句通常用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。 當(dāng)hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句子的開頭時，主句須用倒裝語序。Eg: 他剛出發(fā)就想起家來。He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.No sooner had he started out than he felt homesick.6.next time, the first time, the last time, every time 等eg

13、: 1). 下次你進城一定來看我們。Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.2). 我第一次見他時，他給我留下了好印象He left me a good impression the first time I met him.3). 我每次見到他，他都是一付痛苦的表情Every time I see him he looks miserable.4).上一次我見到他時，他看上去很開心。The last time I spoke to Bob, he seemed very happy.7.by the time by the

14、tine 也可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為”到  時為止“，主句一般要用完成時態(tài)。Eg: 1). By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.愛因斯坦到十四歲時就自學(xué)完了高等數(shù)學(xué)。 (從句為一般過去時，主句要用過去完成時)2).  在你回來之前我將會做完我的活兒。I shall have finished my work by the time you return.反饋訓(xùn)練一：翻譯下列句子1.  趁著還沒忘記的時候就記錄下來2. 我堅持不斷

15、地努力直到獲得成功。3. 隨著時間一年一年過去，中國變得越來越富強了。4. 我們剛開始就被叫停。5. 下次你來的時候，就會見到他。二、條件狀語從句 條件狀語從句是表示主句動作發(fā)生的前提或條件的從句。條件狀語從句分為真實條件狀語從句和非真實條件狀語從句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的有if, unless, so/ as long as, as so far as, on condition that, in case, suppose, supposing(that), provided(that), providing(that)等。條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞一般要用現(xiàn)在時或過去時代替一般將來時或過去將來

16、時。1.if: 如果。注意：if only和only if的對比。 if only : 但愿，要是就好了，表示一個不可能實現(xiàn)愿望，要用虛擬語氣。 only if : 只有，等于only on condition that，從句用陳述語氣。Eg: 如果我們不怕困難，困難就算不了什么了。Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.只有當(dāng)你給冰加熱，它才會變成水。Only if you heat ice, it turns to water. 要是我知道該多好。If only I knew!2.unless

17、如果不、除非。等于if not Eg:  I won't let you in unless you show me your pass.如果你不出示通行證，我就不讓你進來。3.so long as, as long as, on condition that這幾個短語意思差不多，都表示只要，條件是。Eg: .只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到克服困難的方法 As/So long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty. 4.in case萬一，如果 ，等于if it happen

18、s that。Eg: . In case I forget, please remind me of my promise. 如果我忘了，請?zhí)嵝盐宜龅某兄Z5.providing, provided that, supposing, suppose that, given that如果，只要，假如Eg: 1). Given that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job.考慮到他們?nèi)狈?jīng)驗，他們的工作已做得很好了。(that可以省略)2).假設(shè)我們弄不到足夠的食物，那我們怎幺辦？Suppose thst /Supposing we can

19、t get enough food, what shall we do反饋訓(xùn)練二：翻譯下列句子1. 哪里有水，哪里就有生命。2. 你可以隨意到你喜歡的任何地方去。3. 無論你去哪都要遵守法律。三.原因狀語從句1. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句最常用的連詞是 because, since, 和as，because直接原因,必不可少的原因，非推斷，是整個句子的重點，語氣最強回答whysince 通常放句首譯為“既然，鑒于”主從句的時態(tài)一般相同。 as 不談自明的原因，語氣最弱，多放于句首注意：1. 在強調(diào)句中強調(diào)原因狀語從句，只能用because引導(dǎo)，不可用as或since. 2. because可以引導(dǎo)表語

20、從句,而as, since不可以，這時主語一般都是it, this, that3. since往往表示的是已知的客觀事實，或分析后的推理，引導(dǎo)的從句大多置于句首，主從句的時態(tài)一般相同。for可做并列連詞，不可用于句首，要放句中，引導(dǎo)后半句表原因，強調(diào)推理解釋。反饋訓(xùn)練三：用because, as, since 填空It was _ he was ill that he didnt go with us.Its_ he is too lazy._you are here, you must do it.2復(fù)合連詞也可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，這些連詞有：now that, seeing (that),

21、 considering (that), for the reason that, by reason that, for fear that, in that等，Eg: 1). Now (that) (= Since) you mention it, I do remember.2). 考慮到他們是初學(xué)者，他們已經(jīng)做得不錯了Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.四.結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連接詞有so that/ sothat/suchthat1. so +adj./adv. +t

22、hatso +adj. +a/an +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ thatso +many/much/few/little+名詞+thate.g. 1). It is so hot that we cant sleep. 2). It is so interesting a book that she has read it twice. 2. such +a/an+adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatsuch +adj. +復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+thatsuch +a lot of/lots of +名詞+thateg:It is such a useful book that she has read i

23、t twice. There was such delicious food that he had too much.3. so that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句表示實現(xiàn)的一件事或一個事實，從句謂語動詞一般不和情態(tài)動詞連用，且從句前多有逗號與主句分開。例如：She hurried, so that she caught the bus.(結(jié)果） She hurried so that she might catch the bus.（目的）反饋訓(xùn)練四: 用so that/ sothat/suchthat 填空：1.He studied hard _ he passed the exam. 2.He

24、 was _ angry _ he couldnt speak. 3. There was _a lot of rain _ we couldnt go out. 4. Its_ an interesting film _ we all want to see it. 5. He had _many falls _ he was black and blue all over. 6. I am going to the lecture early _ Ill get a good seat. 五.讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句表示在某種相反的條件下，主句中的情況依然會出現(xiàn)。讓步狀語從句由althou

25、gh, though, however, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whether（是否）, no matter (who, wha, etc), even if, even though等詞注意：1. Although 和though均意為“雖然，盡管”但是although較though 正式，更多用于句首，though可用于句首、句中或句末。二者均不可以與but邊用，但可以與副詞yet, still, nevertheless等連用。Eg: Although (though) he was ill

26、, (sill/yet) he went on working.2as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的常見的幾種倒裝方式(1)如果從句的謂語部分為“不及物動詞副詞”時，常將從句中的副詞提到從句的句首。Hard as you may try，you will not succeed.盡管你努力了，你可能不會成功。(2)如果從句的謂語部分為“情態(tài)動詞不及物動詞”，常將這個不及物動詞提到從句的句首。Wait as you may，he will not see you.盡管你等了，他可能不會見你。(3)如果從句的謂語部分是“系動詞單數(shù)名詞”，則常將這個作表語的名詞提前，但這個名詞前面的不定冠詞要省略。Child

27、 as he is，he can tell right from wrong.盡管他還是個孩子，他能明辨是非。3.whether.or (not) .不管還是。Eg: 不管你相信與否，這是真的。 Whether you believe it or not, it's true. 反饋訓(xùn)練五： 1. No matter _ much I have to pay, I will take it.2. No matter _ you think, you must apologize to her.3. No matter _ method you have been using, toda

28、y you must do as I tell you.4.There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely,_ she was an only child. A.ever since B.now that C.even though D.even as5._ you like it or not, you will have to give up smoking.A.If B.Whether C.How D.Why6.You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have t

29、o do.A.however B.no matter C.although D.whatever7.You can eat food free in my restaurant _ you like.A.Whenever B.wherever C.whatever D.however六、地點狀語從句 地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever和everywhere，anywhere等引導(dǎo)，Eg. 1). Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.2). 你最好在有問題的地方做上符號You'd better make a

30、 mark where you have any questions.3). Ill go wherever he goes.4).  他們每到一處都受到了友好的接待。 Everywhere they went, they were kindly received.注意：在地點狀語從句之前，不要使用介詞。Eg: 1). 你應(yīng)該把書放在原來的地方。 You should put the book at where it was.(no)  You should put the book where it was.(yes)2). 我們應(yīng)該到最需要我們的地方去。We shoul

31、d go to where we are needed most.(no) We should go where we are needed most.(yes)反饋訓(xùn)練六：地點狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別1.-Where do you plan to work?-Ive made up my mind to go _Im most needed.A.to the place B.to which C.that D.where2.I will go to a country for a holiday _ there are a lot of flowers and trees.A.in the

32、place B.where C.which D.wherever七.目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞：so，so that，in order that，in case，for fear that，lest(唯恐，以免，為不使）等。其謂語動詞常與情態(tài)動詞can，could，may，might，should，would連用。Eg: 1). 帶上雨衣，以防下雨 Take your raincoat in case it rains.2).他很早就離開了，生怕錯過最后一班火車。 He left early in case he should miss the last train.反饋訓(xùn)練七：1.Id like t

33、o arrive 20 minutes early_ I can have time for a cup of tea.A.as soon as B.as a result C.in case D.so that2.John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _he phones.A.as long as B.in order that C.in case D.so that3. The Shanghaiese are making great efforts to beautify the city_ more overseas compani

34、es will come. A. in order that B.so as to C.so long as D.on condition that八.方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞 1：as，(象.一樣,正如, 按照),as if/as though(好象,宛如) eg: 1). 請按照人家告訴你做的去做。 Please do as you are told。2). Leave it as it is. 事實上,按現(xiàn)在的樣子3）他的行動就好象什么也沒有發(fā)生 He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.2在非正式文體或口語中，也可用 the way (that

35、) (= as = in the way in which), Eg:. 她不用我做的方法來做這件事。She doesnt do it the way I do.反饋訓(xùn)練八：1. 他們對待這黑孩子仿佛他是一頭牲口。2. 按照我教你的畫一只貓。 3.  讓一切順其自然。 4. 她用我喜歡的那種方式來做她的工作。九.比較狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞:as.as(和一樣), the same as,not as/soas(不如),than(比),the morethe more(越越).這種從句常采用省略句的句型，如：Eg: 1). 他和我一樣大。He is as old as I (am).2). 他

36、工作的和一個有技術(shù)的工人一樣快。He worked as fast as a skilled worker.3). 這個項目完成的比預(yù)期中快。The project was completed earlier than we had expected.4). 他來的越早越好。The sooner he comes, the better (it will be).區(qū)別：We know you better than he (knows you). We know you better than (we know) him.反饋訓(xùn)練九： 1. 她今年比去年進步更大。2. 你賣的票越多，你的收入也

37、越多。3. 你工作越努力，你取得的進步就越大。4. 他不如杰克跑得那樣快四：狀語從句的省略：在條件，時間，讓步，方式狀語從句中，如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致或者從句的主語是it,而且謂語包含有be動詞，那么可以把主語或it,跟be 動詞同時省略。Eg: 1). While I was in Beijing , I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.= While in Beijing , I paid a visit 2). Come tomorrow, if it is possible.= Come tomorrow, if possible3). 他站

38、在門口好像在等誰。She stood at the gate as if (she was ) waiting for someone.4). 盡管很冷，他仍然穿一件T恤。Though(it was) cold, he still wore a shirt.反饋訓(xùn)練十：Once _（see）, the film can never be forgotten.If _（invite）, I will go to the party.She stood at the school gate as if _（wait） for someone.對比練習(xí)1. _ he heard this, he g

39、ot very angry. I met Lucy_ I was walking along the river._ a child, he lived in the countryside. A. when B. while C. as2. We were about to leave_ it began to rain. She thought I was talking about her son, _, in fact, I was talking about my son. Hardly had I finished my composition _ the bell rang. A

40、. when B. while C. as D. during3. Child _ she is, she know a lot. He did the experiment _ he was told.The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper, but not _ good. A. during B. as C. so D. thoughE. both B and C 4. He would have a look at the bookstores_ he went to town.We decide to finish the work o

41、n time, _happens.If we work with a strong will, we overcomeany difficulty, _ great it is.Ill give the book to _ likes English. A. whenever B. whoever C. whatever D. however5. It will be years _ we meet again. It is ten years _ I came to this town. It is ten years ago _ I came to this town. A. when B

42、. that C. before D. since6. _ it rains, the game will be played on time._ I was twenty, I had never been away from my hometown._ he were there, he couldnt help us. A. Even if B. Untill C. Till D. Unless 7. Go and get your coat. It is _ you left it. You are free to go _ you like. A. there B. where C.

43、 wherever D. when 8. The article is written in such easy English_ all of us can read it.The article is written in such easy English_ all of us can read. A. that B. which C. as D. so that 9. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ great it is.If we work hard, we can overcome any

44、difficulty, _ great it is.If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, _ difficulty it is.If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ difficulty it is. A. what B. how C. however D. whatever2012年狀語從句高考題1.（全國高考I，25）I dont believe weve met before, _ I must say you do look familiar.

45、 A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless2.（重慶高考，30）Coach, can I continue with the training? Sorry, you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injury. A. until B. before C. as D. unless3.（湖南高考，28）_ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. A. While B. Once C. If D.

46、 Until4.（湖南高考，32）_ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever5.（福建高考，30）It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties _ it gets more financial support from the European Union. A. if

47、B. unless C. because D. since6.（北京高考，21）Look at those clouds! Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time. A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only7.（江西高考，31）You can borrow my car _ you promise not to drive too fast. A. unless B. even if C. in case D. as long as8.（陜西高考，18）Hot _ the nig

48、ht air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. A. although B. as C. while D. however9.（陜西高考，25）All the photographs in this book, _ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. A. unless B. until C. once D. if10.（四川高考，4）At school, some students are active _ some are shy, yet t

49、hey can be good friends with one another. A. while B. although C. so D. as11.（四川高考，10）If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay _ you are and wait for help. A. why B. where C. who D. what12.（天津高考，14）Everything was placed exactly _ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony. A. while B. w

50、hen C. where D. though13.（遼寧高考，30）Leave your key with your neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day. A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if14.（山東高考，27）He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unless D. though15.（山東高考，32）A number of high buildings have ar

51、isen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. A. when B. where C. before D. until16.（江蘇高考，30）Ones life has value _ one brings value to the life of others. A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that17.（上海高考，32）I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly _ the airlin

52、es lower ticket prices. A. once B. if C. after D. unless2013年狀語從句高考題1.【2013北京】30. I took my driving license with me on holiday,_ I wanted to hire a car.A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only2.【2013福建】32. Anyone, once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our

53、 government.A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test3.【2013湖南】23. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _ you reach any decision. A. although B. Before C. Because D. unless4.【2013江蘇】28. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, _ it is discovered, will create many e

54、conomic possibilities around the world.A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever5.【2013江西】28.She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.A. if B. Unlesss C. After D. when6.【2013江西】34.If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.A. askedB. to askC. askingD. having asked7.【2013遼寧】24. One can always manage to do more things, no matter _ full ones schedule is in life. A. how B. what C. when D. where8.【2013山東】26. Mark needs to learn Chinese _ his company is opening a br