情態(tài)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)從句

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；主要是 must I 和 may I 的否定回答must I No, you needn 't /you don 't have tomay I No ,you mustn 't賓語(yǔ)從句 用一個(gè)句子做另一個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)， 將這個(gè)句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。 賓語(yǔ)從句做介詞或 及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在從下列三個(gè)方面總結(jié)歸納如下：一，引導(dǎo)詞A, 由that引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語(yǔ)從句，在很多動(dòng)詞如 say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel 等動(dòng)詞后。連詞 that 只起連接作用，在 從句中不做句

2、子的成分， 也無(wú)詞匯意義， 在口語(yǔ)中常被省略， 但在大多數(shù)情況下 還是以不省為好，特別是在筆語(yǔ)中。例：I told him that he was wrong.l在think,believe, suppose, expect 等動(dòng)詞引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)盡管 是否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將 think 等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健＠篒 don ' t think you are right.我認(rèn)為你做的不對(duì)）l 在許多帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中， that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面， 而用 it 做形式賓語(yǔ)。例： We think it wrong that he told a li

3、e to everyone （ 我認(rèn)為他向每一個(gè)人撒 謊是錯(cuò)誤的 ）B, 由連詞if、whether引導(dǎo)的表示 是否”的賓語(yǔ)從句。Whether” 在從句中 不做句子的成分，一般情況下， whether 和 if 可以替換。例： I don ' t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.l在介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中不用if引導(dǎo)例： Everything depends on whether we have enough moneyl

4、賓語(yǔ)從句中有 or not 時(shí)不用 if 引導(dǎo) .例： I don 't know whether the movie star will come or not.l 和不定式連用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不用 if 引導(dǎo) .例： Wh ether to go there or not hasn' t been decided.C, 由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。連接代詞 who,whom,whose, what, which,和連接 副詞 when, where, why, how 等連接的賓語(yǔ)從句，它們?cè)诰渲屑从羞B接從句的 作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。例： Do you know which f

5、ilm they are talking about? （which 做定語(yǔ)）I don ' t know where he lives. （where 做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) ）二，賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序，賓語(yǔ)從句從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序，既連接詞 +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分例： I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.二，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，既：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。主句是一

6、般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)， 從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。 如果從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句 之前，則從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。例:1）She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.2) She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3) She says that she has finished her homework already.She said that she had finished her

7、 homework already.4) She says that she can sing a song in English.She said that she could sing a song in English.l 如果賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句要用一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.ICould you tell me是用來(lái)征詢對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)，語(yǔ)氣委婉，并不表示過(guò)去。例：Could

8、you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum?注意事項(xiàng)：u 由陳述句變成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意人稱的變化。例： She said: “I have been to England before. ”She said that she had been to England before.She asked me: “Do you like maths? ”She asked me if I liked maths.u 賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的交換。由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句， 如果賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)是 同一個(gè)人時(shí)，可以用 “疑問(wèn)詞 +

9、不定式”做賓語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)例： I don 't know what I should od next.I con ' t know what to do next.He didn ' t know where he would live.He didn ' t know where to live.1) 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I,疑問(wèn)部分要用aren't I.I'm as tall as your sister ， aren't I?2) 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是wish，疑問(wèn)部分要用may +主語(yǔ)。I wish to have a word wit

10、h you, may I?3) 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little 等 否定含義的詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用肯定含義。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown ( 開(kāi)花), do they ?4) 含有 ought to 的反意疑問(wèn)句，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問(wèn)部分用 shouldn't / oughtn't + 主語(yǔ)。He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he

11、? / shouldn't he?5) 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑問(wèn)部分常用don't +主語(yǔ)(did n't +主We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?6) 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是 used to 時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用 didn't +主語(yǔ)或 usedn't +主語(yǔ)He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?7) 陳述部分有 had better + v. 疑問(wèn)句部分用 had

12、n't you?You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?8) 陳述部分有 would rather +v. ，疑問(wèn)部分多用 wouldn't + 主語(yǔ)。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?9) 陳述部分有 You'd like to +v. 疑問(wèn)部分用 wouldn't + 主語(yǔ)。You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?10) 陳述部分有 must

13、的疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。He must be a doctor, isn't he?You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?11) 感嘆句中，疑問(wèn)部分用 be +主語(yǔ)。What colours, aren't they?What a smell, isn't it?12) 陳述部分由neithernor, either連接的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)

14、部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13) 陳述部分主語(yǔ)是指示代詞或不定代詞 everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問(wèn)部 分主語(yǔ)用 it。Everything is ready, isn't it?14) 陳述部分為主語(yǔ)從句或并列復(fù)合句，疑問(wèn)部分有三種情況：a. 并列復(fù)合句疑問(wèn)部分，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, should

15、n't he?b. 帶有定語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，疑問(wèn)部分謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定： He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?c. 上述部分主句謂語(yǔ)是 think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ) 從句，疑問(wèn)部分與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句。I don't think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, can&

16、#39;t she?15) 陳述部分主語(yǔ)是不定代詞 everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one 等，疑問(wèn)部分常用復(fù)數(shù) they ，有時(shí)也用單數(shù) he。Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 dare 或 need 的反意疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)部分常用 need (dare ) + 主語(yǔ)。 We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so,

17、 dare you?當(dāng) dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用助動(dòng)詞 do + 主語(yǔ)。She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?17) 省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)部分用 will you 。Don't do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / won't you ?注意： Let's 開(kāi)頭的祈使句，后用 shall we?Let us 開(kāi)頭的祈使句，后用 will you?Let's go and listen to the music, s

18、hall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18) 陳述部分是 "there be" 結(jié)構(gòu)的，疑問(wèn)部分用 there 省略主語(yǔ)代詞。There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問(wèn)句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isn't it?He is not unkind to his cla

19、ssmates, is he?20) must 在表 "推測(cè)"時(shí)，根據(jù)其推測(cè)的情況來(lái)確定反意疑問(wèn)句 He must be there now, isn't he?It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?快速記憶表陳述部分的謂語(yǔ) 疑問(wèn)部分I aren't IWish may + 主語(yǔ)no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little 等否定含義的詞 肯定 含義ought to （肯定的） shouldn't/ oughtn'

20、t + 主語(yǔ)have to+v.（had to+v.） don't + 主語(yǔ)（did n't + 主語(yǔ)）used to didn't + 主語(yǔ)或 usedn't + 主語(yǔ)had better + v. hadn't youwould rather + v. wouldn't + 主語(yǔ)you'd like to + v. wouldn't + 主語(yǔ)must 根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定感嘆句中 be + 主語(yǔ)Neithernor, either根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定指示代詞或不定代詞 everything,that,nothing,this 主

21、語(yǔ)用 it 并列復(fù)合句 謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定定語(yǔ)從句 ,賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句 謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定主從復(fù)合句 根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine 等引導(dǎo) 與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)的從句 everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one 復(fù)數(shù) they, 單數(shù) he 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 dare 或 need need （dare ） + 主語(yǔ)dare, need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do +主語(yǔ)省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句 will you ？Let's 開(kāi)頭的祈使句 Shall we?Let us 開(kāi)頭的祈使句 Will y

22、ou?there be 相應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 +there（ 省略主語(yǔ)代詞）否定前綴不能視為否定詞 仍用否定形式回答： 反意疑問(wèn)句是在陳述句后邊加上一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句 ,對(duì)陳述句所敘述的內(nèi)容提出相反 的疑問(wèn),這種句子就叫作反意疑問(wèn)句。反意疑問(wèn)句可以表示真實(shí)的疑問(wèn),也可以表示提問(wèn)人的傾向、強(qiáng)調(diào)或反問(wèn)。如果陳述句是肯定句時(shí),后邊的反意疑問(wèn)句通常要用否定式 ;反之,如果陳述句是否定句時(shí) ,后邊的反意疑問(wèn)句通常要用肯定式。 陳 述句和后邊的反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)以及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱、 數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)通常要保持一致。 例如:He speaks English, doesn't he?Mary won't do i

23、t, will she?Lies cannot cover up the facts, can they?回答反意疑問(wèn)句和回答一般疑問(wèn)句一樣,肯定回答用 "Yes, +肯定結(jié)構(gòu) "否定回答用"No, +否定結(jié)構(gòu)"。這與漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣有所不同。例如：-He's a doctor, isn't he? 他是醫(yī)生 , 對(duì)吧 ?-Yes, he is. 對(duì),他是醫(yī)生。 （No, he isn't. 不,他不是醫(yī)生。 ）-He isn't a doctor, is he? 他不是醫(yī)生 ,對(duì)吧?-Yes, he is. 不,他是醫(yī)生。 （N

24、o, he isn't. 對(duì),他不是醫(yī)生。 ）閱讀理解；This is a talk by a London taxi（ 出租車(chē) ）driver."I've been a taxi driver for nearly ten years. Most London taxi drivers have their own taxis.""It's a nice job most of time. you meet a lot of people. I always work at night, because there is too much

25、 traffic during the day. I live twenty miles（ 英里 ）outside London and I go to work at 5：30 in the afternoon.""I usually go home between 2 and 3 in the morning.""Some very strange things happened late at night .The other day I was taking a woman home from a party .She had her littl

26、e dog with her. When we got to her house, she found that she had lost her key. So I waited in the car with the dog while she climbed in through the windows.""I waited and waited. After half an hour of ringing the bell I decided to find out what was going on .I tied the dog to a tree and st

27、arted to climb in through the window. The next thing I knew was that the police came. They thought I was a thief（ 小偷 ）.Luckily the woman came downstairs（ 下樓 ）.She must have gone to sleep and forgotten about me and the dog!"1. The driver always worked at night because it was easier to .A. drive

28、B. make money ? C. climb in through the windowD. meet a lot of people2. The woman climbed in through the window because .A. she wanted to have a sleepB. her husband didn't open the door for herC. she didn't want to pay the driverD. she couldn't find her key3. The story happened .A. early

29、 in the morning B. late at nightC.20 miles outside London D. near the police station4. Which of the following is wrong?A. The driver worked until between 2 and 3 in the morning.B. The police made a mistake.C. The woman had no money to pay the driver.D. The woman had forgotten about the driver and th

30、e dog.5. The driver climbed in thA. early in the morning B. late at nightC.20 miles outside London D. near the police station4. Which of the following is wrong?A. The driver worked until between 2 and 3 in the morning.B. The police made a mistake.C. The woman had no money to pay the driver.D. The wo

31、man had forgotten about the driver and the dog.5. The driver climbed in through the window toA. get money from the womanB. return the dog to the womanC. see what was happening in the houseD. phone the policeKEY: 1-5 ADBCCThere are fifty states in the United States. The largest in population is Calif

32、ornia, the largest in area is Alaska. Alaska is the smallest in population and Rhode Island is the smallest in size. The oldest states are the ones along the Atlantic coast. The newest states are Alaska and Hawaii. Alaska is also the coldest state. California and Florida are the warmer. Henry and hi

33、s family live in Seattle, a big city, on the Pacific coast. But Los Angeles and San Francisco, also on the Pacific coast, are larger than Seattle. Henry's cousin, Susan, lives in New York. It is the largest city in the United States. Thousands of people visit New York each year. The most importa

34、nt city in the United States is Washington, D. C. It is the capital, but it is much smaller than New York.1. How many states are there in the U. S. A. ?A. Five B. Forty- Five. C. Fifty D. Fifteen.2. Which state is the largest in population?A. California. B. Rhode-Island.C. Alaska D. Los Angeles.3. W

35、hich state is the oldest, the newest, and the smallest in population?A. Rhode Island. B. Seattle. C. San Francisco. D. Alaska.4. Which of the following is true?A. The oldest states are the ones along the Pacific coast.B. Washington is the most important and the largest city.C. New York is the larges

36、t city in the United States.D. Henry's cousin lives in the Seattle.5. Why is Washington, D. C. the most important American city? Because.A. it is the largest city B. it is the largest in populati onC. it is the most beautiful city D. it is the capital of the Un ited StatesKEY: 1. C 2. A 3. D 4.

37、C 5. D二.單項(xiàng)選擇（15分）指出能填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳答案。1. He's a basketball fan and he wants to see Yao Ming D one day.A. he B. him C. his D. himself2. Li Ming is a new stude nt in our class. He B here for only a mon th.A. has come B. has been C. came D. Was3. "May I go now?" "No. You _B_ let the teach

38、er know first."A. need B. must C. can D. may4. Usually before exams, students _A_ two minutes to write down their names.A. are given B. were given C. gave D. give5. I remember she came _A _ a fine spri ng after noon.A. on B. in C. at D. to6. "What do you think of the new movie?" "

39、;It's good. But the one we saw last month iseven _B_ than it."A. good B. better C. best D. well7. Several _A_ students came to the meeting.A. thousand B. thousandsC. thousand of D. thousands of8. This is a busy street. We see buses _C_ all the time.A. came and went B. to come and goC. come

40、and go D. comes and goes9. How many English words _B_ you by the end of last term?A. have learned B. had learnedC. were learning D. would learn10. He is a nice person to _A_ .A. get on with（與某人相處。）B. come up withC. catch up with D. look up in11. Go and find out b there will be a train for Shanghai t

41、oday.A. that B. whether C. When D. where12. The man _b_ is wearing a blue jacket is Jim's uncle.A. who B. whom C. which D. /13. While she _a , she cut herself.A. was cooking B. cooked C. had cooked D. cooksH. _d_ of the students in the class would like to go to school by bike in such terrible we

42、ather.A. All B. Both C. Neither D. None15. Our P.E. teacher _b_ us try very hard in the running practice of 800 meters.A. asked B. made C. let D. toldDBBAA BACBA BBADB三完形填空（10分）閱讀短文，指出能填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳答案。It was Mon day. Mrs Smith's dog was 1 , but there was no meat in the house. Thinking t hat there w

43、as no 2 way, Mrs Smith took a piece of paper, and wrote the following word s on it: "Give my dog half a pound of meat." Then she gave the paper to her dog and s aid, " 3 this to the butcher, and he's going to give you your lunch today." 4 the piece of paper in its mouth, the

44、dog ran to the butcher's shop. It gave the paper to the butcher.The butcher read it 5 , and recognized （辨認(rèn)）that it was 6 Mrs Smith's handwriting. So he did 7 he was asked to. The dog was very happy, and ate the meat up at once.At midday, the dog came to the shop again. It gave the butcher a

45、piece of paper again. After reading it, he gave half a pound of meat 8 .The next day, the dog came again just at midday. And as usual, it brought a piece of pa per in the mouth. This time, the butcher did not take a look at the paper, and gave the d og 9 meat, for he had regarded the dog as one of h

46、is customers. But, the dog came agai n at 4:00 p.m. And the same thing happened once again. To the butcher's surprise, it ca me for the third time at 6:00 p.m. The butcher felt puzzled. He said to himself, "This is a small dog. Why does Mrs Smith give it so much meat to eat today?" Loo

47、king 10 the piece of paper, he found that there were no words there.I. A. hungry B. thirsty C. hot D. ill2. A. another B. other C. others D. the other3. A. Take B. Bring C. Get D. Carry4. A. Picking B. Having C. Dropping D. Holding5. A. carefully B. quietly C. slowly D. clearly6. A. possibly B. real

48、ly C. exactly D. strongly7. A. when B. like C. as D. after8. A. too B. also C. again D. either9. A. its B. his C. himself D. it10. A. at B. for C. into D. up四閱讀理解（30分）閱讀理解下面的短文，然后按要求答題。（A）根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容，指出能完成所給句子的最佳答案。1. The art show will last .A. One day B. Two days C. Three days D. Four days2. The student

49、s will have the school meeting in May.A. four times B. three times C. twice D. once3. We can see that the students will have exams from to .A. May 1, May 5 B. May 10, 12 C. May 22, May 26 D. May 8, May 114. From the above chart （圖表）we can see that there are two groups in this school.A. sports B. art

50、 C. scienee D. Ianguage5. There will be ball matches in May.A. two B. three C. four D. five（B）When most people think of the Olympics, they don't think of scienee. But in the USA, e ach year, students take part in a kind of competition called the Science Olympiad.It has a lot of different events.

51、 Students go there to show how much they know about th e scienee of music, biology, chemistry and others. My best event is forestry （森林學(xué)）.Thi s time, I went to the Olympiad with my school's team. We had worked hard, but this wa s the state competition. It would be hard to win.The Olympiad was ou

52、t of town, so we got to ride on a bus and stay in a hotel for a ni ght. The Olympiad was in three big rooms. When we got there, we set up our team's "ca mp" off to one side. The big day had come at last! First, I went to watch the tower buil ding competition. That's when students b

53、uild small towers and put heavy things on top ofit. They hope they can hold them up. One of my schoolmates was putting things on her tower. She was nervous, and in the end it was too heavy for her tower to hold it it br oke! I felt bad for her. After lunch, I helped some teammates with their events.

54、 One wasgeography, and the other was history. I don't know much about those things, so I just w atched my teammates do most of the work. At last, it was time for my favorite event fo restry. Another student was also in the forestry event. The rules were easy. We had to lo ok at more than 40 diff

55、erent kinds of leaves and find out which plants they were from. We also had to answer some questions about the uses of each leaf. I knew almost all of the leaves and could answer most of the questions. I had spent more than a month studyi ng on the Internet to get ready. At the end, it was time for

56、the awards (頒獎(jiǎng)),l was ner vous, because the forestry awards were last. We won second place in the whole state! A nice man gave me a medal and smiled at me.I had a great time at the Science Olympiad. I can't wait for next year!根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，指出能完成所給句子的最佳答案。6.A.B.C.Which of the following is true?When peop

57、le talk about Olympics, they never think of the sports games.The writer got some help from others in getting ready for the competition.No one thinks the Olympics has anything to do with scienee. Many kids today know little of the lives of their relatives and don't care deeply about theD.7.The wr

58、iter thought the competition was difficult.The writer feltabout thecompetiti on.A.nervous B. excited C. sad D.bad8.We know thatA.you know a lot about biologyif you're good at forestryB.it's the first time forthe writer to be in the competitionC.the writer had to dosome experiments in the com

59、petitionD.the state competiti onlasted several days9.The writer took partin the competitionA.in the morning B. at noonC.10.in the after noon D. at ni ghtThe writer at the Science Olympiad.A.won the first prize B. lost the state competitionC.enjoyed himself D. got 40 different kinds of leaves(C)For many of us, the idea of a family is a lot narrower than it used to be.Today childrengo away to college, and take up jobs wherever chances see