模具熱處理及其導(dǎo)向平行設(shè)計畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯

1、畢業(yè)論文中英文資料外文翻譯文獻Heat Treatment of Die and MouldOriented Concurrent DesignLI Xiong,ZHANG Hong-bing,RUAN Xueyu,LUOZhonghua,ZHANG YanAbstract:Many disadvantages exist in the traditional die design methodwhich belongs to serial pattern. It is well known that heattreatment is highly important to the dies.

2、 A new idea of concurrentdesign for heat treatment process of die and mould was developedin order to overcome the existent shortcomings of heat treatmentprocess. Heat treatment CAD/CAE was integrated with concurrentcircumstance and the relevant model was built. Theseinvestigations can remarkably imp

3、rove efficiency, reduce cost andensure quality of R and D for products.Key words:die design; heat treatment; mouldTraditional die and mould design,mainly by experience orsemiexperience，is isolated from manufacturing the design is finalized，the scheme of die and mould is usually modified time and aga

4、in，thus some disadvantages come into being,such as long development period,high cost and uncertain practical to strong desires for precision,service life,development period and cost,modern die and mould should be designed and manufactured more and more advanced technologies and innovations have been

5、 applied,for example,concurrent engineering,agile manufacturing virtual manufacturing,collaborative design,etc.Heat treatment of die and mould is as important as design,manufacture and assembly because it has a vital effect on manufacture， assembly and service lifeDesign and manufacture of die and m

6、ould have progressed rapidly， but heat treatment lagged seriously behind themAs die and mouldindustry develops， heat treatment must ensure die and mould there are goodstate of manufacture，assembly and wearresistant properties by request.Impertinent heat treatment can influence die and mould manufact

7、uring such asoverhard andsoft and assemblyTraditionally the heat treatment processwas made out according to the methods and properties brought forward bydesignerThis could make the designers of die and mould and heat treatment diverge from each other， for the designers of die and mould could not ful

8、ly realize heat treatment process and materials properties， and contrarily the designers rarely understood the service environment and designing thought.These divergences will impact the progress of die and mould to a great extent.Accordingly， if the process design of heat treatment is considered in

9、 the earlydesigning stage，the aims of shortening development period，reducing cost andstabilizing quality will be achieved and the sublimation of developmentpattern from serial to concurrent will be realizedConcurrent engineering takes computer integration system as a carrier,at the very start subseq

10、uent each stage and factors have been considered such as manufacturing，heat treating，properties and so forth in order to avoid the errorThe concurrent pattern has dismissed the defect of serial pattern,which bring about a revolution against serial patternIn the present workthe heat treatment was int

11、egrated into the concurrentcircumstance of the die and mould development ， and the systemic and profound research was performed1 Heat Treatment Under Concurrent CircumstanceThe concurrent pattern differs ultimately from the serial pattern(seeFig 1).With regard to serial pattern， the designers mostly

12、 consider thestructure and function of die and mould， yet hardly consider the consequentprocess，so that the former mistakes are easily spread backwardsMeanwhile，the design department rarely communicates with the assembling ， cost accounting and sales departmentsThese problems certainly will influenc

13、e the development progress of die and mould and the market foregroundWhereas in the concurrent pattern，the relations among departments are close，the related departments all take part in the development progress of die and mould and have close intercommunion with purchasersThis is propitious to elimi

14、nation of the conflicts between departments，increase the efficiency and reduce the costHeat treatment process in the concurrent circumstance is made out not after blueprint and workpiece taken but during die and mould designing In this way， it is favorable to optimizing the heat treatment process an

15、d making full use of the potential of the materials2 Integration of Heat Treatment CADCAE for Die andMouldIt can be seen from Fig2 that the process design and simulation of heattreatment are the core of integration frameAfter information input viaproduct design module and heat treatment process gene

16、rated via heattreatment CAD and heat treatment CAE module will automatically divide themesh for parts drawing，simulation temperature field microstructure analysisafter heattreatment and the defect of possible emerging (such asoverheat,over burning)， and then the heat treatment process is judged if t

17、heoptimization is made according to the result reappeared by stereoscopic visiontechnology Moreover tool and clamping apparatus CAD and CAM areintegrated into this systemThe concurrent engineering based integration frame can share information with other branchThat makes for optimizing the heat treat

18、mentprocess and ensuring the process sound2.1 3-D model and stereoscopic vision technology for heattreatmentThe problems about materials，structure and size for die and mould canbe discovered as soon as possible by 3-D model for heat treatment based onthe shape of die and mould Modeling heating condi

19、tion and phasetransformation condition for die and mould during heat treatment areworkable，because it has been broken through for the calculation of phasetransformation thermodynamics ， phase transformation kinetics ， phasestress,thermal stress，heat transfer，hydrokinetics etcFor example，3-D heatcond

20、ucting algorithm models for local heating complicated impression andasymmetric die and mould， and M ARC software models for microstructuretransformation was used Computer can present the informations oftemperature，microstructure and stress at arbitrary time and display the entiretransformation proce

21、dure in the form of 3-D by coupling temperaturefield,microstructure field and stress field If the property can becoupled,various partial properties can be predicted by computer2.2 Heat treatment process designDue to the special requests for strength，hardness，surface roughness anddistortion during he

22、at treatment for die and mould，the parameters includingquenching medium type， quenching temperature and tempering temperatureand time，must be properly selected，and whether using surface quenching orchemical heat treatment the parameters must be rightly determined It isdifficult to determine the para

23、meters by computer fully Since computertechnology develops quickly in recent decades,the difficulty with largescalecalculation has been overcomeBy simulating and weighing the property，thecost and the required period after heat treatmentit is not difficult to optimizethe heat treatment process2.3 Dat

24、a base for heat treatmentA heat treatment database is described in Fig3The database is thefoundation of making out heat treatment processGenerally， heat treatmentdatabase is divided into materials database and process database It is aninexorable trend to predict the property by materials and process

25、Although itis difficult to establish a property database，it is necessary to establish thedatabase by a series of tests The materials database includes steelgrades,chemical compositions，properties and home and abroad grades paralleltablesThe process database includes heat treatment criterions，classes

26、，heatpreservation time and cooling velocityBased on the database，heat treatmentprocess can be created by inferring from rules2.4 Tool and equipment for heat treatmentAfter heat treatment process is determined，tool and equipment CADCAE system transfers the information about design and manufacture to

27、thenumerical control deviceThrough rapid tooling prototype，the reliability oftool and the clamping apparatus can be judgedThe whole procedure istransferred by network，in which there is no manmade interference3 Key Technique3.1 Coupling of temperature，microstructure， stress andpropertyHeat treatment

28、procedure is a procedure of temperature-microstructurestress interaction The three factors can all influence the property (seeFig4)During heating and cooling，hot stress and transformation will comeinto being when microstructure temperature-microstructureand temperaturemicrostructureand stress-proper

29、ty interact on eachother Research on the interaction of the four factors has been greatlydeveloped,but the universal mathematic model has not been builtManymodels fit the test nicely， but they cannot be put into practiceDifficultieswith most of models are solved in analytic solution，and numerical me

30、thod isemployed so that the inaccuracy of calculation existsEven so， comparing experience method with qualitative analysis，heattreatment simulation by computer makes great progress3.2 Establishment and integration of modelsThe development procedure for die and mould involvesdesign,manufacture，heat t

31、reatment，assembly，maintenance and so onTheyshould have own database and mode1They are in series with each other bythe entity relation modelThrough establishing and employing dynamicinference mechanism ，the aim of optimizing design can be achievedTherelation between product model and other models was

32、 builtThe productmodel will change in case the cell model changes In fact，it belongs to therelation of data with die and mouldAfter heat treatment model is integratedinto the system，it is no more an isolated unit but a member which is close toother models in the systemAfter searching，calculating and

33、 reasoning fromthe heat treatment database,procedure for heat treatment，which is restrictedby geometric model,manufacture model for die and mould and by cost andproperty，i s obtainedIf the restriction is disobeyed， the system will send outthe interpretative warningAll design cells are connected by c

34、ommunication network3.3 Management and harmony among members The complexity of die and mould requires closely cooperating amongitem groupsBecause each member is short of global consideration for die andmould development， they need to be managed and harmonizedFirstly,eachitem group should define its

35、own control condition and resource requested,andlearn of the request of up-and-down working procedure in order to avoidconflict Secondly ， development plan should be made out and monitormechanism should be establishedThe obstruction can be duly excluded incase the development is hinderedAgile manage

36、ment and harmony redound to communicating information，increasing efficiency，and reducing redundancyMeanwhile it is beneficial forexciting creativity， clearing conflict and making the best of resource4 Conclusions(1) Heat treatment CAD CAE has been integrated into concurrentdesign for die and mould a

37、nd heat treatment is graphed,which can increaseefficiency， easily discover problems and clear conflicts(2) Die and mould development is performed on the same platformWhenthe heat treatment process is made out， designers can obtain correlativeinformation and transfer self-information to other design

38、departments on theplatform(3) Making out correct development schedule and adjusting it in time canenormously shorten the development period and reduce costReferences：1 ZHOU Xiong-hui，PENG Ying-hongThe Theory and Technique of ModernDie and Mould Design and ManufactureMShanghai：Shanghai JiaotongUniver

39、sity Press 2000(in Chinese) 2 Kang M， Park& Computer Integrated Mold ManufacturingJ Int JComputer Integrated Manufacturing，1995，5： 229-2393 Yau H T，Meno C HConcurrent Process Planning for Finishing Millingand Dimensional Inspection of Sculptured Surface in Die and MouldManufacturingJ Int J Produ

40、ct Research，1993，31(11)：270927254 LI Xiang，ZHOU Xiong-hui，RUAN Xue-yuApplication of Injection MoldCollaborative Manufacturing System J JournaI of Shanghai JiaotongUniversity， 2000，35(4)：1391-13945 Kuzman K， Nardin B， Kovae M ,et a1 The Integration of RapidPrototyping and CAE in Mould Manufacturing J

41、J Materials ProcessingTechnology， 2001， 111：2792856 LI Xiong，ZHANG Hong bing，RUAN Xue-yu， et a1Heat TreatmentProcess Design Oriented Based on Concurrent EngineeringJJournal of Ironand Steel Research， 2002，14(4)：2629文獻出處：LI Xiong,ZHANG Hong-bing,RUAN Xueyu,LUO Zhonghua,ZHANG Yan. HeatTreatment of Die

42、 and Mould Oriented Concurrent DesignJ. Journal of Iron and SteelResearch， 2006,13(1):40-43， 74模具熱處理及其導(dǎo)向平行設(shè)計李雄，張鴻冰，阮雪榆，羅中華，張艷摘要：在一系列方式中， 傳統(tǒng)模具設(shè)計方法存在許多缺點。眾所周知,熱處理對模具起著非常重要的作用。為了克服模具熱處理工藝存在的缺點，一種新的模具熱處理工藝并行設(shè)計方法已經(jīng)被開發(fā)出來了。熱處理CAD/CAE 技術(shù)是集成了并行環(huán)境和有關(guān)模型而建立的。這些調(diào)查研究可以顯著提高效率， 降低成本， 并保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量達到R 和D 級。關(guān)鍵詞：模具設(shè)計；熱處理；模具

43、傳統(tǒng)模具設(shè)計主要是依照自身實踐經(jīng)驗或依照部分實踐經(jīng)驗，而不是制造工藝。在設(shè)計完成之前， 模具方案通常要被一次又一次的改進，于是有些缺點便出現(xiàn)， 例如開發(fā)時期長，成本高和實際效果不明顯。由于對精確性、使用壽命、開發(fā)期和費用的嚴(yán)格要求， 先進的模具要求設(shè)計和制造得十分完善。因此越來越先進的技術(shù)和創(chuàng)新方法被應(yīng)用其中， 例如并行工程、敏捷制造業(yè)、虛擬制造業(yè)、協(xié)同合作設(shè)計等。模具的熱處理與模具設(shè)計，制造和裝配同樣重要。因為它對模具的制造裝配和使用壽命又及其重要的影響。模具設(shè)計與制造發(fā)展十分迅速，但是熱處理發(fā)展卻嚴(yán)重滯后它們。隨著模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展， 熱處理必須保證模具有良好的制造裝配和磨損耐熱性能。不切實際

44、的熱處理將導(dǎo)致模具材料過硬或過軟， 同時影響模具裝配性能。傳統(tǒng)的熱處理工藝是按照設(shè)計師提出的方法和特性制作出來的。這樣會使模具設(shè)計師和熱處理工藝師意見產(chǎn)生分歧， 而模具設(shè)計師卻不能充分地了解熱處理工藝和材料的性能，相反熱處理工藝師卻很少了解模具的使用環(huán)境和設(shè)計思路。這些分歧將在很大程度上影響模具的發(fā)展。因此，如果把熱處理工藝設(shè)計放在設(shè)計階段之前，則縮短開發(fā)周期， 減少花費和保證質(zhì)量等目標(biāo)將會被考慮， 而且從串行到并行的發(fā)展模式也將會實現(xiàn)。并行工程是以計算機集成系統(tǒng)作為載體，在開始以后，每個階段和因素都被看作如制造、熱處理、性能等等， 以避免出現(xiàn)錯誤。并行模式已經(jīng)摒除了串行模式的缺陷， 由此帶來

45、了一場對串行模式的革命。在當(dāng)前的工作中，熱處理被集成到了模具開發(fā)的并行環(huán)境中，同時也正在進行這種系統(tǒng)性和深入性的研究。1.熱處理下的并行環(huán)境并行模式與串行模式存在根本的不同（見圖1）。對于串行模式，設(shè)計者大多考慮的是模具的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能，但很難考慮相關(guān)的工藝， 以致前者的錯誤很容易蔓延到后面。與此同時，設(shè)計本門很少與裝配， 預(yù)算會計和銷售部門溝通。這些問題當(dāng)然會影響模具的開發(fā)進度和市場前景。然而在并行模式中，不但以上部門關(guān)系聯(lián)系密切， 所有參加模具開發(fā)的部門都與買家有密切的交流。這有助于協(xié)調(diào)各部門消除矛盾， 提高工作效率， 同時降低成本。并行環(huán)境下的熱處理工藝不是在方案和工件確定以后，而是在模具設(shè)

46、計的時候制定出來的。這樣的話， 將有利于優(yōu)化熱處理工藝， 充分利用材料。2.模具熱處理 CAD/CAE 一體化從圖2 中可以看出， 熱處理工藝的設(shè)計與模擬是一體化模式的核心。在信息輸入產(chǎn)品模塊中后，經(jīng)熱處理工藝過程產(chǎn)生的熱處理CAD 和熱處理CAE 模塊將對于零件圖，熱處理以后模擬溫度場的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析和可能出現(xiàn)的缺陷（ 例如過熱， 燒傷）自動劃分網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如果優(yōu)化是根據(jù)立體視覺技術(shù)的結(jié)果重新出現(xiàn)則這項熱處理工藝已經(jīng)被審核。而且工具與夾具的CAD 和CAE 也集成于這種系統(tǒng)中。以并行工程為基礎(chǔ)的集成模式可以與其它類似模式共享信息。這樣使熱處理工藝得到優(yōu)化，并確保改工藝準(zhǔn)確。2.1 采用三維模型和立體視覺技術(shù)的熱處理在形成模具的基礎(chǔ)上，材料，結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸的問題能通過熱處理三維模型盡快發(fā)現(xiàn)出來。在熱處理過程中，模具加熱條件和相變條件是切合實際的， 因為通過計算相變熱力、相變動力、相應(yīng)力、熱應(yīng)力、傳熱速度、流體動力等已經(jīng)取得重要突破。例如，能進行局部復(fù)雜表面和不對稱模具的三維熱傳導(dǎo)模型計算，和能進行微觀結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變的MARC 軟件模型。計算機能夠在任何時間提交溫度，微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和應(yīng)力的信息，并通過連接溫度場