畢業(yè)論文附錄(.NET Framework Introduce)課件

1、.NET Framework IntroduceNET Framework for the development of Microsoft applications and the creation of a rich a revolutionary new platform. This case is most interesting is its vague, but this is a reason for this. First of all, pay attention to this statement did not say "in the Windows opera

2、ting system development and application procedures." Although. NET Framework version runs on Microsoft Windows operating system president, but future operations will be launched in other versions of the operating systems, such as Mono, It yes. NET Framework development of the source code versio

3、n (including a C # compiler). This version can run on several operating systems, including Linux and the Mac OS.Microsoft. version NET Compact Fr amework (basically intact. NET Framework of a subset). Use. NET Framework is a major cause of it as the operating system of integrating all kinds of ways.

4、 In addition, as given above. NET Framework definition does not limit the type of application. This is because there is no restriction. . NET Framework can create Windows applications, Web applications, Web and various other types of procedures should be used . NET Framework design approach to ensur

5、e that it can service to be used in various languages, including C #, C + +, Visual Basic, and JScript. even some of the old language, such as COBOL. Therefore, in addition to the implementation of these languages. NET version, currently still has introduced more. NET version of the language. All of

6、 these languages can visit. NET Framework, they can cross each other. C # developers can use Visual Basic programmers to prepare the code, and vice versa. All of these provide an unexpected diversity, This is. NET Framework with the enticing prospect of reasons. 2.NET Framework mainly contains a ver

7、y large code library. customers in languages (such as C #) through object-oriented programming (OOP) to use these codes. The library is divided into different modules, thus can expect the result to choose to use the various parts. For example, a module includes Windows application components, anothe

8、r networking module containing the code block, There is also a Web module contains the code block. development Some modules also divided into more specific sub-module, such as the Web module development for the establishment of a Web module. service its purpose is different operating systems under t

9、heir own identity, support for some or all modules. For example, the PDA support all of the core. NET function, but it does not need some of the more esoteric modules. Part. NET Framework defines some of the basic types. Data type is a form of expression, designated one of the most basic elements (s

10、uch as 32-bit integers with the symbol) to use. NET Framework in various languages between interoperability. This is known as the Common Type System (Common Type System. CTS). In addition to supporting the library, . NET Framework also includes. NET common language runtime (Common Language Runtime,

11、CLR), which is responsible for management use. NET development for all applications implementation. 3. How to use. NET Framework applications development. Use. NET Framework preparation of applications, is used. NET code for the preparation of code (using the Framework support any language). VS is a

12、 powerful integrated development environment, support for C # (and managed and unmanaged C + +. Visual Basic and other languages). The environmental advantages of the facilitates. NET to integrate the functions of the code. We build the code is C # code, but use. NET Framework, and, if necessary, th

13、e use of VS other tools. In order to implement C # code, which must be converted to target operating system to solve language, which is the machine code This change as compiled code, the compiler implementation. But. NET Framework, the process is divided into two phases 4. Keyword and the JIT compil

14、er in use. NET Framework library code, instead of immediately creating an operating system specific code of the machine, but put code compiler for Microsoft intermediate language (Microsoft Intermediate Language, keyword) code, the code is not exclusive to any one operating system. not exclusive to

15、C #. Other. NET language, If Visual Basic. NET can be compiled in the first stage of this language, When using VS C # application development, build on the process completed by VS. Obviously, the implementation of the applicable procedures must complete more work, This is Just-In-Time (JIT) com

16、piler task It put keyword compiler for OS and dedicated to the goal of the machine structure for the code. This OS can implement applications. Here compiler Just-In-Time the name reflects the keyword only need to do a translation of the facts. Past, we often need to compile code for several applicat

17、ions, Each application procedures for specific operating systems and CPU structure. This is usually an optimal form (for example, in order for the code in the AMD chips run faster). But sometimes it is very important (for instance, in Win9x WinNT/2000 environment and the application process Prologue

18、). Now unnecessary because, as the name implies, JIT compiler uses keyword code and keyword code is independent of machine, operating system and CPU. There are several JIT compiler, each compiler are used for different structures, We can always find a suitable compiler is the creation of the machine

19、 code. Thus, users need to do a far less. In fact, they do not consider the details related to the system, giving attention to the functional code will be enough. 5. Program Set compiled application, citing the keyword code stored in a centralized procedure. Set procedures including the application

20、executable files (which can be directly run on Windows. no need for other procedures, expansion are. exe) and other applications that use the library (expansion are. dll). In addition to include keyword, the procedures set also includes meta-information (that is, procedures focus on the data contain

21、ed in the information, also known as metadata) and the optional resources (keyword used by other data, such as sound files and pictures). Yuan procedures allow information collected is completely self-described. No other information on the procedures for collection, in other words, we do not encount

22、er the following circumstances : not requiring the data added to the system registry. and the use of this kind of situation in other platform development often arise. Therefore, the deployment of applications it is very simple, just put the paper copy to the remote computer directory can be. Not the

23、 target system because of other information, So just from the CONTENTS run executable files can be (assuming installed. NET CLR). Of course, we do not have the applications needed to install all the information in one place. You can make some code, the implementation of a number of applications requ

24、ired tasks. At this time, these are usually reusable code on all applications can access areas. In. NET Framework, this is a definitive collection procedures Cache (Global Assembly Cache, the GAC). code or on the high-speed cache is very simple. needs to do is include the code on the procedures set

25、contains the cache directory can be. Trust code compiler for code or keyword and then JIT compiler it compiler based machine code, CLR task is not completed. Used. NET Framework prepared by the implementation of the code (often referred to as the stage of operation (runti me) is the custodian. That

26、the CLR manages the applications, and its methods are memory management, handling security, and allow for cross-language debugging. Conversely, not CLR running under control of non-custody procedures, some languages such as C + + can be used in the preparation of such application, for example, visit

27、ed the base operating system functions. However, in C #, can only prepare in the Trusteeship Council run under the code. We will use CLR functions of the Trusteeship Council,. NET operating system with its own interactive. Garbage collector managed one of the most important functions of the garbage

28、collector (garbage collectio n). This species. NET will ensure that applications would no longer use certain memory, the memory which will be completely released. In. NET introduced to the former, this primarily by programmers responsible, code of a few simple mistakes will be large memory allocatio

29、n to the wrong places, so that these mysterious disappearance of memory. This usually means that the speed of the computer has gradually slowed down and eventually led to the collapse. . NET trash recycling frequent checks of computer memory, will no longer need to remove the contents. It does not s

30、et the time frame may be one of seconds for the 1,000th inspection, may also check a few seconds. or check at any time, but certainly for the inspection. Here to give programmers some hints. Because this work in an unpredictable time, the application of the design process, we mus

31、t remember to conduct such inspections. Many memory needed to run their own code of the implementation of such checks, instead of waiting for the garbage collector. But this did not sound difficult. 8. The combination of them in continuous learning, first summarize the above building. NET applicatio

32、ns needed steps : (1) the use of some. NET-compatible languages in the centralized procedure, as shown in Figure 1-2. (3) the code (if it is an executable file that will automatically run or other code to run when to use it), it must first use of JIT compiler to compile code-based machine code, as s

33、hown in Figure 1-3. (4) in the Trusteeship Council the CLR environment for the operation code, and other applications or processes, as shown in Figure 1-4. 9. Links in these processes Another point to note.step compiler for the C # code keyword is not always included in a separate document, Applicat

34、ion procedures can be code on a number of source documents, and then compile them into a centralized procedure. This process is known as link is very useful. The reason is handling several smaller than handling paper documents to a much more simple. Can be logically related to the decomposition of a

35、 code document to deal with it alone, It also needs more easily find their code, development teams have programmed decomposition of manageable pieces Let everyone prepare a small piece of code, which would not undermine the code has been prepared for a good part or other people are handling parts.NE

36、T Framework 介紹.NET Framework 是 Microsoft 為開發(fā)應(yīng)用程序而創(chuàng)建的一個富有革命性的新 平臺。這句話最有趣的地方是它的含糊不清，但這是有原因的。首先，注意這句話 沒有說 “在 Windows 操作系統(tǒng)上開發(fā)應(yīng)用程序” 盡管.NET Framework 的 Microsoft 。 版本運行在 Windows 操作系統(tǒng)上，但以后將推出運行在其他操作系統(tǒng)上的版本， 例如 Mono，它是.NET Framework 的開發(fā)源代碼版本(包含一個 C#編譯器)，該版本 可以運行在幾個操作系統(tǒng)上，包括各種 Linux 版本和 Mac OS.Microsoft .NET C

37、ompact Framework(基本上是完整 .NET Framework 的一個 子 集)。使用.NET Framework 的一個主要原因是它可以作為集成各種操作系統(tǒng)的方式。另外，上面給出的.NET Framework 定義并沒有限制應(yīng)用程序的類型。這是因為本來就沒有限制。.NET Framework 可以創(chuàng)建 Windows 應(yīng)用程序、Web 應(yīng)用程序、Web 服務(wù)和其 他各種類型的應(yīng)用程序.NET Framework 的設(shè)計方式保證它可以用于各種語言，包括 C#語言,C+、Visual Basic、JScript，甚至一些舊的語言，如 COBOL。為此，還 推出了這些語言的.NET

38、版本，目前還在不斷推出更多的.NET 版本的語言。所有這 些語言都可以訪問.NET Framework，它們還可以彼此交互。C#開發(fā)人員可以使用 Visual Basic 程序員編寫的代碼，反之亦然。所有這些提供了意想不到的多樣 這也是.NET Framework 具有誘人前景的部分原因。 2.NET Framework 主要包含一個非常大的代碼庫，可以在客戶語言(如 C#)中通 過面向?qū)ο缶幊碳夹g(shù)(OOP)來使用這些代碼。這個庫分為不同的模塊，這樣就可以 根據(jù)希望得到的結(jié)果來選擇使用其中的各個部分。例如，一個模塊包含 Windows 應(yīng)用程序的構(gòu)件，另一個模塊包含聯(lián)網(wǎng)的代碼塊，還有一個模塊包

39、含 Web 開發(fā)的代碼塊。一些模塊還分為更具體的子模塊，例如在 Web 開發(fā)模塊中，有用于建立 Web 服務(wù)的子模塊.其目的是，不同的操作系統(tǒng)可以根據(jù) 自己的特性，支持其中 某些更的部分或全部模塊。例如，PDA 支持所有的核心.NET 功能，但不需要 深奧的模塊。 部分.NET Framework 庫定義了一些基本類型。類型是數(shù)據(jù)的一種表 達方式，指定其中最 基礎(chǔ)的部分(例如 32 位帶符號的整數(shù))，以便使用.NET Framework 在各種語言之間進行交互操作。這稱為通用類型系統(tǒng)(Common Type System， CTS).除了支持這個庫以外， .NET Framework 還包含.

40、NET 公共語言運行庫 (Common Language Runtime，CLR)，它負責管理用.NET 庫開發(fā)的所有應(yīng)用程序的 執(zhí)行。 如何用.NET Framework 編寫應(yīng)用程序.使用.NET Framework 編寫應(yīng)用程序， 就 是使 用.NET 代碼庫編寫代碼(使用支持 Framework 的任何一種語言).VS 是一種 強大的集成開發(fā)環(huán)境，支持 C#(以及托管和非托管 C+、Visual Basic 和其他一些語言)。這個環(huán)境的優(yōu)點是便于把.NET 功能集成到代碼中。我們創(chuàng)建的代碼完全是 C#代碼，但使用.NET Framework，并在需要時利用 VS 中的其他工具。為了執(zhí)行

41、 C#代碼，必須把它們轉(zhuǎn)換為目標操作系統(tǒng)能夠理解的語言，即本機代碼，這種轉(zhuǎn)換稱為編譯代碼，由編譯器執(zhí)行。但在.NET Framework 下，這個過程分為兩個階 段。MSIL 和 JIT 在編譯使用.NET Framework 庫的代碼時，不是立即創(chuàng)建操作， 而是把代碼編譯為 Microsoft 中間語言(Microsoft Intermediate Language，MSIL)代碼，這些代碼不專用于任何一種操作系統(tǒng)，也不專用于 C#。其他.NET 語言，如 Visual Basic .NET 也可以在第一階段編譯為這種語言，當使用 VS 開發(fā)C#應(yīng)用程序時，編譯過程就VS完成。顯然，要執(zhí)行應(yīng)

42、用程序，必須完成 更多的工作，這是 Just-In-Time(JIT)編譯器的任務(wù)，它把 MSIL 編譯為專用于 OS 和 目標機器結(jié)構(gòu)的本機代碼。這樣 OS 才能執(zhí)行應(yīng)用程序。這里編譯器的名稱 Just-In-Time 反映了 MSIL僅在需要時才編譯的事實。過去，常常需要把代碼編譯 為幾個應(yīng)用程序，每個應(yīng)用程序都用于特定的操作系統(tǒng)和 CPU 結(jié)構(gòu)。這通常是一為了讓代碼在 AMD 芯片上運行得更快)， 但有時是非常重要的(例 種優(yōu)化形式(例如，如對于工作在 Win9x 和 WinNT/2000 環(huán)境下的應(yīng)用程序)?，F(xiàn)在就不必要了，因為 顧名思義，JIT 編譯器使用 MSIL 代碼，而 MSI

43、L 代碼是獨立于機器、操作系統(tǒng)和 CPU 的。目前有幾種 JIT 編譯器，每種編譯器都用于不同的結(jié)構(gòu)，我們總能找到一 個合適的編譯器創(chuàng)建所需的本機代碼。這樣，用戶需要做的工作就比較少了。實 際上，可以不考慮與系統(tǒng)相關(guān)的細節(jié)，把注意力放在代碼的功能上就夠了。 5. 程序集在編譯應(yīng)用程序時，所創(chuàng)建的 MSIL 代碼存儲在一個程序集中，程序 集包括可執(zhí)行的應(yīng)用程序文件(這些文件可以直接在 Windows 上運行，不需要其他 程序，其擴展名是.exe)和其他應(yīng)用程序使用的庫(其擴展名是.dll)。除了包含 MSIL 外，程序集還包含元信息(即程序集中包含的數(shù)據(jù)的信息，也稱為元數(shù)據(jù))和可選的 資源(MSIL 使用的其他數(shù)據(jù)，例如聲音文件和圖片)。元信息允許程序集是完全自 我描述的。 不需要其他信息就可以使用程序集， 也就是說， 我們不會遇到下述情形： 不能把需要的數(shù)據(jù)添加到