北師課改版初二年級英語第三單元知識點(diǎn)

1、一語法：形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級:一）形容詞和副詞的比較級1. 概念：形容詞和副詞的比較級用于兩者（人或事物）之間的比較，意為“更.”,說明“前者比后者更 .”.2. 構(gòu)成：1）規(guī)則變化：(1) 單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞，在詞尾加 -er 。calm calmersmartsmarterfast faster(2) 以不發(fā)音的字母 e 結(jié)尾的形容詞和副詞，在詞尾直接加 -r 。nice nicerfine finerlate later(3 ) 以單個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)的形容詞和副詞，雙寫該輔音字母，再加-er 。big biggerthin thinnerhot hotter(

2、4) 以“輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的 ”，把 “y” 變?yōu)?“i ”，再加 “-er ”。early earlierhappyhappiereasyeasier(5) 多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞在原級前加more。popular more populardifficultlymore difficultly(6) 由“動詞 +后綴 -ing/-ed ” 構(gòu)成的形容詞，在詞尾前加 erestingmore interestingboredmore bored(7) 由“形容詞 +后綴 -ly ” 構(gòu)成的副詞，在該副詞前加 more 構(gòu)成比較級。slowly more slowly

3、happily more happily記憶口訣：比較級，要變化，一般詞尾加er 。詞尾若有啞音e，直接加 r 就可以。單輔重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾字母要雙寫。輔音字母若加 y，記得把 y 變成 i.1形副音節(jié) 123，比較等級 more 在前。2）不規(guī)則變化：good/well betterbad/ill/badlyworsemany/muchmorelittlelessfar farther(更遠(yuǎn)的 )/further（進(jìn)一步）old older （作表語） /elder （作定語）This is my elder brother.He is older.3. 用法：（1）用于兩者之間的比較，表示

4、兩者之間的差異。構(gòu)成：主語 +謂語 +形容詞或副詞的比較級 +than+ 比較對象They have more apples than us.（ 2) 比較級 +and+比較級more and more+ 原級（多音節(jié)或者部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞）意為 “越來越 . ”O(jiān)ur city is becoming cleaner and cleaner.Tom is walking more and more slowly.（3)the+ 比較級， the+ 比較級意為 “越.，就越 .”.The more you read, the more you know.（4)as.as.意為 “與.一樣

5、.”,否定形式 not as/ so.as,意為 “不如 .,與.不一樣 ”也是一種表示比較級的形式，但as 與 as 之間用形容詞或副詞的原級。This room is not as/so big as that one.=This room is smaller than that one.（5) 形容詞的比較級用于 .of the two.的結(jié)構(gòu)中，比較級前要加定冠詞the.2He is the more athletic of the two boys.（6) 比較級前可使用even, much, rather, far, a little, a bit, a lot等形容詞或副詞短語

6、進(jìn)行修飾，表示程度。 （四個很多）This trip is even more difficult.I am a little heavier than Lucy.二）形容詞和副詞的最高級：1. 概念：形容詞和副詞的最高級用于三者或者三者以上的人或事之間的比較。在表示最高程度，即其中一個在某方面 “最. ” 時使用。2. 構(gòu)成：1) 規(guī)則變化：(1) 單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞，在詞尾加 -est 。long longestclever cleverestfast fastest(2) 以不發(fā)音的字母 e 結(jié)尾的形容詞和副詞，在詞尾直接加 -st 。nice nicestcute cute

7、stlate latest(3) 以單個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)形容詞和副詞，雙寫該輔音字母，再加-est 。big biggestthin thinnesthot hottest(4) 以“輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的 ”，把 “y” 變?yōu)?“i ”，再加 “-est ”。early earliesthappyhappiesteasyeasiest(5) 多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞在原級前加most。popular most populardifficultlymost difficultly(6) 由“動詞 +后綴 -ing/-ed ” 構(gòu)成的形容詞，在詞尾前加 eresti

8、ngmost interestingboredmost bored(7) 由“形容詞 +后綴 -ly ” 構(gòu)成的副詞，在該副詞前加 most 構(gòu)成比較級。slowly most slowlyhappily most happily32) 不規(guī)則變化：good/well bestbad/ill/badlyworstmany/muchmostlittleleastfar farthest/furthestold oldest/eldest3. 用法：（1）注意： A. 最高級前一般要加定冠詞the ，副詞最高級前的定冠詞通常省略。B句子中常含有表示比較范圍的介詞of 或 in.of+表示一群人或事

9、物的名詞或代詞in+表示單位或場所的名稱Bill is the tallest boy of us.Jane has the most friends in our class.(2) 在表達(dá) “第幾（大，長，遠(yuǎn) . ）”時，序數(shù)次后用形容詞的最高級形式。He is the first tallest boy in his class.(3) 在表達(dá) “最. 的. 之一 ”時，用最高級，結(jié)構(gòu)： one of the+ 形容詞的最高級 +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)Beijing is one of the biggest cities in our country.(4) 在表達(dá) “某人的最 .的.” 時，最

10、高級前省略定冠詞the ，構(gòu)成：某人的 +形容詞的最高級 +名詞Linda is my younger sisters best friend.練習(xí)：1. 寫出下列形容詞與副詞的比較級與最高級形式：long_ _wide_ _fat_ _heavy_ _slow_brightly_4far_ _few_ _quickly_ _well_ _exciting_ _old_ _interested_ _many/much_ _2. 用所給詞的正確形式填空：1. Bob is _ (young) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred.2. Ying Tian is not

11、 as _ (tall) as Yong Xian.3.Which is _ (heavy),a hen or a chicken?4.- How _ (tall) is Sally? - She' s 1.55 meters _ (tall).What about Xiaoling?-She' s only 1.40 meters _(tall). She is much _ (short) than Sally.She is also the _ (short) girl in the class.5.He is_ (bad)atlearningmaths.He ismuc

12、h _ (bad)atChineseand he is the _ (bad) at English.6. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world.7. He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think.8.An orangeisalittle_ (big)thananapple,butmuch _(small) than a watermelon.9. Saturday is my _ (busy) day in a week.10. Her mother is

13、getting _(fat) and _ (fat).3. 選擇填空：1.This box is_ that one.A. heavy thanB. so heavy thanC. heavier asD. as heavy as52.When we speak to people, we should be _.A. as polite as possibleB. as polite as possiblyC. as politely as possibleD. as politely as possibly3.This book is_ that one, but_ than that o

14、ne.A.as difficultas;expensiveB. as more difficultas; moreexpensiveC. as difficult as; more expensiveD. more difficult as; as expensive4.It was very hot yesterday, but it is_ today.A. even hotterB. more hotterC. much more hotD. much hot5.The jacket was so_ that he decided to buy it.A. muchB. littleC.

15、 expensiveD. cheap6.His father is_ than his mother. ;A. older four yearsB. as four years olderC. four years olderD. bigger four years7.When spring comes, it gets_.A. warm and warmB. colder and colderC. warmer and warmerD. shorter and shorter8.At last he began to cry _.A. hard and hardB. more hard an

16、d more hardC. harder and harderD. less hard and less harder9._ I look at the picture, _ I like it.A. The best; the moreB. The more; the lessC. The more; lessD. More; the more10. _ you come back, _ it will be.6A. The quicker; the bestB. The sooner; the betterC. Faster; the betterD. The sooner; better

17、11.I like_ one of the two books.A. the olderB. oldestC. the oldestD. older12.Which is_ country, China or Japan?A. the largeB. the largerC. largerD. largest13.This work is _ for me than for you.A. difficult B. most difficultC. much difficultD. more difficult14.The Changjiang River is one of _ in the

18、world.A. the longest riverB. longest riversC. the longest riversD. longer rivers15.My moon cake is nicer _ his.A. likeB. withC. forD. than16.He jumps the _ of the three.A. farB. furtherC. farthestD. furthest17.My hair is longer than_ .A. my sisterB. KateC. my brothers D. Lucys 18.Tom speaks Chinese

19、_ better than Jimmy.A. moreB. veryC. a lot ofD. much19.Mother is _ in my family.A. busyB. busierC. the busiestD. more busy20.Who listens_, Tom, Jack or Bill?A. the most carefullyB. more carefullyC. the most carefulD. more careful7二. 句型：1）用于提問對人或事物的看法。（1）句型：What.think of.?How.like.?均翻譯為 “.認(rèn)為 .怎么樣？ ”H

20、ow.feel about.?(2)eg. What do you think of the weather in Beijing?How do you like the weather in Beijing?How do you feel about the weather in Beijing?(3) 回答：肯定： I love it . / I like it.否定： I don t like it. / I cant stand it.練習(xí)：1.-What do you _ your hometown?- I love it very much.A. look atB. talk ab

21、outC. think ofD. like2.- How do you like the movie?-_.A. I love itB. What about you C. No, I dont like itD. Yes, I likeit3. What do you think of the game show?(改為同義句 )_._.4 你認(rèn)為我們的校規(guī)和班規(guī)怎么樣？（蘭州中考）8_ do you_ _ our school rules and class rules?2) 用來提問對方某動作或話語的意圖 :(1) 句型：What do/does.mean.by.?What does.m

22、ean?What is the meaning of.?(2)Eg. What does the word“fast ” mean?What do you mean by the word“fast ”?Whats the meaning of“fast ”?(3) 注： by 后面加名詞，代詞或動名詞。練習(xí)：1.What do you mean_ shaking your head?A. inB. byC. ofD. from2.Whats the _ of“OK”?A. meaningB. meanC. ideaD. view3.What does the sentence“No Smok

23、ing” mean?( 改為同義句 ).3)so+ 連系動詞 be/ 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 +主語意為 “.也是 .”(1) 肯定的倒裝句 , 前后兩個句子的主語指不同的人或物， 表示主語所做的動作與前面句子的動作一致。Peter is interested in English. So am I.(2) 否定的倒裝句。Neither+ 連系動詞 be/ 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 +主語意為 “.也不 .”9-Peter can t speak English. Neither can I.(3)so+ 主語 +連系動詞 be/ 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞意為 “.的確 / 確實(shí) . ”表肯定的結(jié)構(gòu)，用

24、于對前句的主語和動作進(jìn)行重復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)。-He is good at English.-So he is.練習(xí)：1.He went abroad, so_ I.A.didB. doC. amD. does2.-it s burning hot today, isnt it?-Yes._ yesterday.A. So was itB. So it wasC. So it isD. So is it3.-I told you not to forget the homework.-_.A. So you didB. So I do notC. So did youD. So do I4.He does

25、nt like eating apple, _ do I.A .soB. butC. neitherD. nor4) 用來提問天氣的句型：Whats the weather like？= How is the weather?回答： It is +表示天氣狀況的形容詞。-What s the weather like?-Its sunny.練習(xí)：Whats the weather like?(改成同義句 )_.10三詞類辨析：1. large, big與 great 的區(qū)別：(1)large側(cè)重于面積，體積，容積和數(shù)量等，比較正式，不常用來指人。表示物時，可與 big 通用。Shanghai

26、is one of the largest cities in China.(2) big可以指范圍，面積，體積，重量等。使用廣泛，常用于口語。反義詞為small.There is a big tree in front of the house.(3)great側(cè)重形容抽象化的東西，常帶有主觀色彩，可以修飾人或物。指人時，意為“偉大的；杰出的 ”。China is a great country with a long history.練習(xí)：1.The coat doesn t fit me. Its too _ .A. largeB. bigC. hugeD. great2. He is

27、_ enough to go out without his parents.A. largeB. bigC. hugeD. great3.He is one of the _ poets today.A. largeB. bigC. hugeD. great2. compare.to 與 compare.with 的區(qū)別 :(1)compare.to把.比作 .(常表示異類相比，比喻 )We often compare the children to flowers.(2)compare.with.把.同.作比較（常表示同類相比，比較）He compared his camera with

28、mine.練習(xí)：11用 to 或 with 填空：1.We compare books_ friends.2. If your compare British football_ American football, youll findmany differences.3.Compared _ many women, she was really very lucky.3. voice, sound與 noise 的區(qū)別：(1)voice“ 嗓音，說話聲 ”指口中發(fā)出的聲音或人的噪音“I don t think so,” she said in a low voice.(2)sound“ 聲

29、音，響聲 ”指自然界的各種聲音 ( 人和物 )All she could hear was the sound of the waves.(3)noise“ 噪音，響聲 ”指不和諧的聲音Try not to make so much noise.練習(xí)：用 voice, sound 和 noise 填空：1.At midnight he heard a strange _.2.Dont make any_.3. Light travels much faster than _.4.She said“no”in a low _.5. The girl has a beautiful _.4. 帶有

30、 end 的短語區(qū)別：(1)at the end of“ 在.盡頭 ”反義詞： at the beginning of“ 在.開頭 ”At the end of the road, you will find the restaurant.(2)by the end of“ 到.末為止 ”常用于一般將來時和過去完成時12By the end of last century, the population of our city had reached one million.(3)in the end“ 最后 ”常用于一般過去時in the end=at last= finallyIn the

31、 end, he decided to send the sick children to hospital.練習(xí)： in the end, at the end of, by the end of填空：1.There is a book store _ the street.2. Tom passed the exam_.3.There will be 500 students in our school _ 2015.5. spend, pay, take與 cost 區(qū)別：(1)spend主語是人花費(fèi)對象為時間 / 金錢spend time/money doing sth.花費(fèi)時間 /

32、金錢做某事spend time/money on sth.在某事 / 某物上花費(fèi)時間 / 金錢spend time with sb.同某人一起度過時間My mother spent the whole morning doing housework.(2)pay主語是人花費(fèi)對象為金錢pay money for sth.How much did you pay for this dictionary?(3)take主語是 it花費(fèi)對象為時間it takes sb. some time to so sth.It took me half an hour to work home just now.

33、(4)cost主語是物cost sb. some moneyI didn t get it because it cost too much.練習(xí)：1.-Do you often get online?-Yes. I _ lots of time on it. Its a good way to kill time.13A .costB. spendC. takeD. use2.It _ me 15minutes to do to school by bike.A. costB. spendC. takesD. pay3.My brother spent five hours _ his ho

34、mework.A. doingB. to doC. didD.do4. The sweater_ my mother 100 yuan.A .costB. spentC. tookD. used5.How much did you _ the shoes?A. pay forB. costC. spendD. take6. a few, few, a little與 little的區(qū)別：意義功能修身可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)修飾不可數(shù)名詞否定（有些；有幾個）a fewa little否定（幾乎沒有）fewlittleThere are a few eggs in the fridge, so I needn

35、t buy any at once.There are few eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some.I can only speak a little French.Theres little rice in the bowl.口訣： few, little有異同，可數(shù)或不可數(shù)要記清，其前有 “a” 表肯定，其前無 “a” 表否定。練習(xí)：用 a few, few, a little與 little填空：1.I like_ in my sugar.2.There are _ students eating lunch now.3.A_ people we

36、re waiting for the bus.144.You have to hurry to school. There is _ time left.5.He wanted to drink _ orange juice.7. arrive, get與 reach 的區(qū)別：(1)arrive不及物動詞之后通常接介詞in( 較大的地方 ) 或 at( 較小的地方 ) 。We arrived at the station five minute late.They will arrive in Paris next week.(2)get不及物動詞之后通常接介詞 to.When we got

37、to the park, it began to rain.(3)reach及物動詞之后直接加地點(diǎn)作賓語。He reached Shanghai yesterday.(4) 注： arrive，get 不可直接加賓語，但是可以接here, there, home 等副詞。練習(xí)：1.When he arrived_ the station, the train had left.A. atB. toC. inD./2.Last night he _ home at _ 12.A. got, behindB. got, around C. got to, behindD. arrived at,n

38、early3.Jim and Kate are_ their hometown tomorrow.A. getting toB. gettingC. arrivingD. reaching to4.He will arrive _ New York tomorrow.8. so 與 much的區(qū)別：(1)so副詞修飾形容詞和副詞原級I am so happy to hear from you.15與 many, much, few或 little連用修飾名詞。 So many people here! Its toocrowded.(2)such形容詞such a/an+ 單數(shù)名詞such a

39、 personsuch a/an+ 形容詞 +單數(shù)名詞such a kind girlsuch+不可數(shù)名詞 / 復(fù)數(shù)名詞such weather/mistakessuch+形容詞 +不可數(shù)名詞 / 名詞復(fù)數(shù)such exciting newssuch tallbuildings練習(xí)：1. A： He left in _ a hurry that he forgot to lock the door.B： He left _ hurriedly that he forgot to lock the door.2. A ： There are _ many people in the street

40、 that we couldnt moveon.B： There are _ a lot of people in the street that we couldnt moveon .3.They made_ much noise that our teacher got very angry.4. Have you seen_ an interesting film?9. no one 與 none 的區(qū)別：(1)no one“ 沒有人 ”指代人no one=nobody它做主語時謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)，后面不接of 短語；常用于回答 who引導(dǎo)的疑問句-Who went to the net

41、 bay yesterday evening?-No one.(2)none“ 沒有人，沒有東西 ”16它做主語時謂語根據(jù)其后名詞單復(fù)情況保持一致，后可接of 短語；常用于回答 how many/how much引導(dǎo)的疑問句。-How many students in your class are American?-None of them is/are.練習(xí)：1.-Who is in the classroom now?-_.A. No oneB. NoneC. NothingD. Neither2. -How many story books do you have?-_.A. No o

42、neB. NoneC. NothingD. Neither10. take place與 happen 的區(qū)別：(1)take place“ 發(fā)生，舉行 ”指根據(jù)安排或計劃的發(fā)生。The English party will take place on Friday evening.(2)happen“ 發(fā)生 ”指不可預(yù)見的，偶然事件的發(fā)生。An accident happened to him last week.練習(xí)：1.The Olympic Games of 2016 will_ in Brazil.A. take afterB. take offC. take placeD. tak

43、e away2. When will the wedding _?A. takes placeB. took placeC. taken placeD. happened3. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _toher?A. was happeningB. to happenC. has taken placeD. has happened1711. expensive與 high, cheap與 low.(1)expensive和 cheap 用來形容物品的價格貴賤。I cant afford i

44、t. Its too expensive.(2)high和 low 用來形容物品價格高低。The price of the apples is high now.口訣：物品分貴賤 (expensive/cheap)，價格有高低。 (high/low)練習(xí)：1.I think the sweater is too_. I dont have enough money to buy it.A. expensiveB. highC. cheapD. low2. It is said that the price of the books is_ now. Lets buy sometogether.

45、A. expensiveB. highC. cheapD. low四單詞講解：1.hard (adj.)“ 難的 ”Its hard to say when to start.“ 堅硬的 ”They played this game on the hard woodenfloor.(adv.)“ 努力地，大量地 ”You must study harder.2.during (介詞 )“ 在.期間；在 .時候 ”多與一段時間搭配during ones life在某人的一生當(dāng)中I will spend several days with my grandpa during the summer holiday.練習(xí)：Welcome to our hotel!