高中情態(tài)動詞用法總結(共4頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上情態(tài)動詞的用法A. can; could; be able toCan 1. 表示“能力”(此時過去時是could) 2.表示許可、請求，“可以”。-Can/Could I go now?3 表示推測, 把握很大,could也可表推測,把握比can小。-Look! Someone is coming! Who can it be?-It cant be him. He has gone to Paris.（不可能）/ He could be here soon. 他很快就來。 4 表示感情（驚異/不耐煩）“究竟，到底”（主要用于否定句，疑問句和感嘆句中。）How ca

2、n you be so foolish?What can it possibly be? 到底那是怎么一回事?They cant be working at this time of day. 5 肯定句中客觀存在的可能性?！坝袝r會，偶爾”It can be quite windy there, especially in spring. Could 1.表示能力， can 的過去式，過去能夠Could you speak English then? 那時候你會說英語嗎? 2. 請求允許（委婉語氣）（問句的答語不用could，而用can，）Could Can I use your pen? ”

3、 “Yes, of course you can.”/ No, Im afraid not. 3. 表示推測可能性（肯，否，疑）We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我們可能要去那兒。(將來可能性)You could be right, but I dont think you are. 你可能是對的，但我并不認為你是對的。4. could have done 對過去推測，可能已經。本來能夠卻沒做，差點就He cant couldnt have seen her there. 他不可能在那兒見到她。 He could have gone home. 他可能已回家

4、了He could have told her, but he didnt choose to. 他本來可以告訴她的，但他卻沒有。B. may 和 might1.表示允許許可，might提問更委婉。 -May/Might I watch TV after supper? -Yes, you may./ Yes, please./ Certainly. -No, you mustn't. / No, you may not. / No, you cant./No, youd better not.2. 表示推測，有“或許”、“可能”的意思。might把握更小。疑問句用can/ could

5、. He may/might be right./ I hear there may be a few copies left. He may/might come today (tomorrow).3. may表示祝愿，倒裝。May +主語+動詞原形。May you succeed!/May you all be happy. may might as well意為“不妨”、“還是為好”等，用 might 比用 may 語氣更委婉。如： Im ready，so I might as well go now我已準備好，因此不妨現(xiàn)在就走。 Theres nothing to do, so I m

6、ay might as well go to bed. may well. 完全可能C. must, have to Must 1. 表示“必須”。否定式mustnt表示“不可以”、“不準”、“禁止”等。Everybody must obey the rules./You mustnt lend it to others./You mustnt speak like that to your mother.在回答有“must” 的詢問時，- Must I go now? - Yes, you must. -No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.2. mu

7、st表示推測（“一定”、“必定”），表肯定的推測, 其否定的推測用cant，表示“不可能” 。You must be hungry after the long walk. / It can't be Jim, for he has gone to Beijing. The Chinese language must have the large number of speakers.3must 表示說話人不耐煩的態(tài)度，“干嘛偏要” must + have + done，表示對過去事物的肯定推測。 “一定做過.” He must have told my parents about i

8、t. 他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。 must表示推測時，其反意疑問句應根據動詞的實際時態(tài)而變化。如： § It must be nice to take a walk here, isnt it?§ Tom buys a lot of apples ,he must like eating them, doesn't he？ Must have done 的反意疑問句有三種情況:從句中含有過去的時間狀語,反意疑問句用過去時.§ The ground is wet , it must have rained last night, didnt it?從句

9、中含有過去完成時的時間狀語,反意疑問句用過去完成時.§ By the end of last term, we must have learnt 2000 words, hadnt we?若從句中不含任何時間狀語,反意疑問句用現(xiàn)在完成時§ We must have been met somewhere (before), havent we?must 表示“必須”“有必要”時，反義疑問句部分用mustnt.? 或 neednt .? You must go home right now, neednt you?must 用否定形式 mustnt時，附加疑問句部分用may或m

10、ust?You mustnt cheat in the examination, must you?3. 表示與說話人愿望相反及不耐煩意為“偏要”-_you make so much noise? -Sorry, I will take care not to. A Must B Can C May D Would4. must 和 have to 的區(qū)別:D. ought to/ should/ shallOught to ought to用于反映客觀情況或涉及義務和規(guī)定時，常譯作“應該”、“應當”(和should差不多， 只是語氣較強)，有時表示非?？赡艿氖虑?。 There ought n

11、ot to be much noise in a hospital. - Ought he to go? - Yes, he ought to. If she is completely well, she ought to be back at school today.ought to have done指過去動作,表示一件事情該做而未做。 ought not to have done 表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。should 1.用于表示勸告和建議，“應該”表示自己的主觀看法,語氣比ought to弱。 should + have done 指過去動作,表示一件事情該做而未做。 shou

12、ld not + have done 表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。 - Who did it sound like? Anybody you know?- Well, perhaps Jeff. I should have asked who was calling before he hung it up.2.表推測，“按道理，按常理應該”They should have arrived by two o clock.3.表示驚訝,贊嘆，不滿，責備 “竟然”I am sorry that you should do such a thing.4. 用于if引導的虛擬條件句中，表示一件事聽起來

13、可能性小，但也不是完全不可能。有“萬一”的意思Should I be free tomorrow, Ill come.Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.shall1. shall 作為情態(tài)動詞，用于第二、第三人稱，陳述句，表示說話人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告”、“威脅”、“強制”、“允諾”等意思?！氨仨?，應，可以” You shall do as I say. （命令） Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. （允諾） You shall be punished if you break

14、 the law. (表警告)2. 用于第一、第三人稱, 在疑問句中，shall 用來征詢對方意見。“好嗎？”“要不要？”Where shall I wait for you?/ Shall he come at once?/ Shall we start the meeting now?3.在條約規(guī)定法令等文件中表示義務或規(guī)定，用于第三人稱 The new regulation shall take effect on June 1st.E. will 和 would 1) 表示“意志”、”決心” 、“意愿”，可用于多種人稱。will 指現(xiàn)在，would 指過去。 I will tell y

15、ou all about it./ He wont go.(2) 表示詢問對方的意愿或向對方提出請求,在疑問句中用語第二人稱時，委婉語氣would. Im going to go shopping after school. Will you go with me? Will/would you please give him a message when you see him?(3) 表示習慣動作，有“總是”、“慣于”的意思。過去式would Hell talk for hours if you give him the chance.(4) 表示功能，“能” The door wont

16、open. / The car wont start.(5)will用于敘述真理,客觀規(guī)律時“會” Oil will float on water. / Fish will die without water.F. need 和 dare1. need 表示“需要”、“必須”。通常用在否定句或疑問句中。 He neednt pay for it. - Need you go now? - Yes, I must. - No, I neednt.2. dare 表示“敢”。通常用于否定句、疑問句、條件從句和if/whether 引出的賓語從句中。 How dare you say Im unfa

17、ir? She dare not do so. He asked me if I dared speak English in public. need 和 dare 也可用作行為動詞，變化與一般動詞相同 She didnt need to go. - Who dares to go? - - I dont dare (to) go. I dare say 作插入語,我想, 大概, 可能, 或許 “neednt + have done” 表示過去做了沒必要做的事情。 You needn't have taken it seriously. 這件事情你不必太認真。G. had bette

18、r “最好” We had better go now. Yes, we had (we'd better / we had better). Hadn't we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?) I think I'd better be going. （用于進行時態(tài)，表“最好立即”） You had better have done that. （用于完成時態(tài)，表未完成動作） 情態(tài)動詞+ have done1、must have done,“一定做過/一定已經”，表示對過去情況極大把握地推測，僅用于肯定句2、may/might have done 也許做過某事（推測）；本來可以做某事卻沒做3、can't have done 為否定句或疑問句,對過去的推測“不可能，一定沒做過某事” could have done本來可以做某事卻沒做4. neednt have done 表示”不必要做某事，但做了”，而neednt do 則表示”不必做(也沒做)”5.、ought to /should have done 表