2020年中考情態(tài)動詞總結（共15張PPT）

1、返回導航上一頁下一頁語法專項語法專項 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 返回導航上一頁下一頁 從近7年的河南真題來看，主要在單項選擇中考查(必考)，也會在完形填空中涉及(2014.39)。返回導航上一頁下一頁情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞： 情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，但要與動詞原形及其被動語態(tài)一起使用，給謂語動詞增添情態(tài)色彩，表示說話人對有關行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認為其可能、應該或必要等。表示可能、懷疑、允諾、愿望、義務、必要、猜測等的動詞是情態(tài)動詞。性點：性點： 1.不能單獨作謂語，須和行為動詞或系動詞連用共同構成謂語 2. 無人稱和數(shù)的變化（have to除外） 3. 后接動詞原形do/be (這一點很重要)

2、 4. 具有助動詞作用（可用來構成否定句，疑問句）返回導航上一頁下一頁情態(tài)動詞的分類只作情態(tài)動詞的有： may/ might； can/ could; must ；可作情態(tài)動詞也可作實義動詞的有： need； dare可作情態(tài)動詞也可作助動詞的： will / would shall / should具有情態(tài)動詞特征的： have to ；had better； would rather返回導航上一頁下一頁1情態(tài)動詞的基本用法情態(tài)動詞的基本用法情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞用法用法例句例句may1. 表示請求、許可，意為“可以”。其一般疑問句的肯定回答用can，否定回答用cant/mustntMay I l

3、ook at your CD player？No，you mustnt/cant.2. 表示推測，可能性較小，意為“可能”，常用于肯定句中Your sister may be waiting for you now.3. 用于祈使句，表示祝福或愿望May you succeed！祝你成功！might1. may的過去式He asked him if he might go back.2. 表示請求時，比may語氣更委婉Might I take your order？3. 表示猜測，可能性比may小This guitar might belong to Alice.She plays the g

4、uitar.返回導航上一頁下一頁情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞用用 法法例例 句句can1. 表示能力，意為“能，會”，其否定是can notcantI can play the guitar.I cant play the violin.2. 表示請求、允許，意為“可以”，較口語化Can I go home now？You can tell him about that now.3. 表示推測，意為“可能”，常用于否定句和疑問句中。cant表示否定推測，語氣強烈，意為“不可能”。can所在的疑問句其肯定回答用may或mustWhere can it be？It may/must be in your de

5、sk.Miss Gao cant be at home. 高老師不可能在家。could1. can的過去式，表示過去的能力Lucy could swim at the age of five.露西五歲就會游泳。2. 表示請求、許可或建議，語氣較can更委婉Could you help me？你能幫我嗎？3. 表示猜測，意為“可能”，常用于肯定句Whose French book is this？It could be Alices.She studies French.返回導航上一頁下一頁can和和be able to的區(qū)別的區(qū)別:can表示“能力”時，可以和be able to互換。can只

6、用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時(could), be able to可用于多種時態(tài)。如： Jim couldnt speak Chinese last year, but now he can. When he grows up, he will be able to support his family. 表示經過一番努力才能完成的事情或者前面有特殊情況時，只能用be able to。 如：The fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to (managed to) escape. 大火迅速蔓延到整幢大樓，但是大家都逃了出

7、來。could常和動詞see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等連用。 如： Although she spoke in a very low voice, I could understand what she said. 雖然她講話的聲音很低，我還是明白了她說的話。返回導航上一頁下一頁情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞用用 法法例例 句句must 1. 表示說話人的主觀意愿，意為“必須，一定”We must work hard at English. 2. 其否定形式為mustnt，表示“禁止，不允許”You mustnt say things

8、like that. 3. 表示非常有把握的肯定推測，意為“一定，肯定” They must be very tired after a long walk. 4. 其引導的一般疑問句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt/dont have toMust I finish my work now？No，you neednt/dont have to. 表示客觀需要，意為“不得不；必須”，有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化，后跟動詞原形 We have to ask Zhang Hong. 返回導航上一頁下一頁 must和和have to的比較：的比較： must只有一種形式，而have to可用于

9、多種時態(tài)。You had to speed up, for the weather turned terrible. must和have to的否定式的意思完全不同，mustnt意為“禁止”，dont have to意為“不必要”。 如：Look at the sign “No Photos”. That means you mustnt take photos here. The airport isnt far from my home, so I dont have to set off so early. 【注意】以must開頭的一般疑問句，肯定回答用must/have to，否定回答

10、用neednt或者dont have to，而不能用mustnt。 如：Must I return the book to the library this Friday? 我必須在這周五把書還給圖書館嗎？ No, you dont have to. You can keep it for a week. 不，你不必。你可以再看一個星期。返回導航上一頁下一頁考考 點點 精精 講講情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞用用 法法例例 句句1. 作情態(tài)動詞時意為“需要”，常用于疑問句和否定句中；You neednt say sorry to him.2. need引導的疑問句，肯定回答用must, 否定回答是needn

11、t 或dont have to Need I go there tomorrow？ Yes, you must./No, you neednt/dont have to.3. need作為實義動詞，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問句中，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 need+n. 需要某物 need to do sth. 需要做某事(主語通常是人)I really need a job.I really need to go outside to get some fresh air. You need to listen carefully in class. dare1. dare作情態(tài)動詞用時, 常用于

12、疑問句、否定句，過去式形式為dared。1. How dare you say Im unfair? 2. He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 2. dare作實義動詞用時， 有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。1. I dare to swim across this river. 2. He doesnt dare (to) answer. 返回導航上一頁下一頁考考 點點 精精 講講情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞用用 法法例例 句句shal

13、l shall用于第一、三人稱，表示說話人征求對方意見。1. Shall we begin now?2. Shall he wait for you outside? should1. should表示責任義務或者建議，意為“應該”。 You should go to see the doctor. 2. 表示征得意見，常用于疑問句中What should I do?(1)用于第二人稱的疑問句，表示說話人征求對方意見Will you please read it again？你可以再讀一遍嗎？(2)用于各人稱，表示意愿We will do anything for you.我們將為你做任何事。

14、(3)表示習慣或規(guī)律Dad will walk up and down the room before he decides to do something important. wouldwould是will的過去式，但可以用于現(xiàn)在時間表達委婉或客氣的語氣Would you please bring your book here tomorrow？He would share his progress with us when we were at high school.當我們上高中時，他會和我們分享他的進步。返回導航上一頁下一頁考考 點點 精精 講講情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞用用 法法例例 句句h

15、ad better“最好”，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接動詞原形 , 否定是had better not doYoud better go there by bus.You had better not miss the last bus.would rather“寧愿，寧可” 常見句型 would rather do than do I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.返回導航上一頁下一頁返回導航上一頁下一頁1. (2018河南31)Are you going to the cinema tonight? I dont kn

16、ow.I go or stay at home. Awill；will Bmust；must Cshould；should Dmight；might2. (2017河南28)I dont care what people think. Well，you Youre not alone in this world. Acan Bmay Cshould Dwill3. (2019河南31)Jerry didnt pay me back, but he promised that hethis Sunday. A. mustB. could C. wouldD. should4. (2016河南27

17、)You look very pretty，if Isay so. Thanks a lot for saying that. Amust Bmay Cwill Dhave to5. (2015河南26)Whats the matter with Tom？He has been absent for two days. Oh！He be ill.Lets go and ask Ms.Brown. Acan Bneed Cmay Dwould6. (2013河南26)Dad，must we wait until the light becomes green? Yes，Im afraid weT

18、hats the traffic rule. Acan Bmay Chave to Dneed7. (2019濱州)Mom，its too hot. I swim in the lake? No，you .Thats too dangerous! AShould；cant BNeed；mustnt CMust；neednt DCould；mustnt8. (2019西寧)Look！Itbe David in the classroom. Itbe him.Because I saw him in the library a moment ago. Amay；mustnt Bmust；cant Ccan；cant