集成電路分析與設(shè)計PPT

1、集成電路分析與設(shè)計集成電路分析與設(shè)計課程主要介紹什么內(nèi)容?CMOSCMOS數(shù)字集成電路數(shù)字集成電路(CMOS digital IC)(CMOS digital IC)IC的發(fā)展歷史及現(xiàn)狀(History of IC)IC 設(shè)計流程和方法(Design process and Methodology)IC 制造工藝技術(shù)(Fabrication process)IC EDA（CAD）工具使用(EDA tools)CMOSCMOS反相器設(shè)計反相器設(shè)計(CMOS Inverter)(CMOS Inverter)CMOSCMOS組合邏輯門設(shè)計組合邏輯門設(shè)計(Combinational Logic Cir

2、cuit)(Combinational Logic Circuit)CMOSCMOS時序邏輯電路設(shè)計時序邏輯電路設(shè)計(Sequential Logic Circuit )(Sequential Logic Circuit )IC 版圖設(shè)計(Layout)IC 仿真技術(shù)(Simulation)存儲器電路設(shè)計介紹(Memory Circuits)模擬IC設(shè)計介紹(Analog IC)集成電路分析與設(shè)計課程信息課程性質(zhì)：是一門專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課程課程性質(zhì)：是一門專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課程主要介紹主要介紹CMOSCMOS數(shù)字集成電路設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)知識數(shù)字集成電路設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)知識共共4040課時（課時（3232理論課時理論課時+8

3、+8實驗課時）實驗課時）完成完成4 4個實驗個實驗對準(zhǔn)備從事對準(zhǔn)備從事ICIC行業(yè)的學(xué)生來講，本課程只是一行業(yè)的學(xué)生來講，本課程只是一個基礎(chǔ)，還需要繼續(xù)深入學(xué)習(xí)更多關(guān)于個基礎(chǔ)，還需要繼續(xù)深入學(xué)習(xí)更多關(guān)于ICIC設(shè)計設(shè)計的知識，如數(shù)字的知識，如數(shù)字ICIC深入，模擬深入，模擬ICIC，RF ICRF IC等。等。實驗內(nèi)容（共8學(xué)時）實驗一（實驗一（2 2學(xué)時）學(xué)時）反相器電路設(shè)計（ Simulation and Layout ）實驗二（實驗二（2 2學(xué)時）學(xué)時）NAND電路設(shè)計（ Simulation and Layout ）實驗三（實驗三（2 2學(xué)時）學(xué)時）AND 電路設(shè)計（ Simulati

4、on and Layout ）實驗四（實驗四（2 2學(xué)時）學(xué)時）D觸發(fā)器電路設(shè)計（ Simulation and Layout ）ProjectProject（選作內(nèi)容）（選作內(nèi)容）完成一個完成一個4 4 4 SRAM 4 SRAM芯片的設(shè)計芯片的設(shè)計3 3人一組人一組項目過程項目過程：A A 期中期中Oral Oral presentationpresentationB B 期末期末Oral Oral presentationpresentationC C 項目報告書一份項目報告書一份D 3D 3人項目成績相同人項目成績相同Grading Policy課堂提問和作業(yè)課堂提問和作業(yè) 10%10

5、%實驗實驗 20%20%考試考試 （開卷）（開卷） 70%70%規(guī)則：規(guī)則：（1 1）1 1個問題和個問題和4 4次作業(yè)，每次次作業(yè)，每次/ /個個2 2分，共分，共1010分；分；（2 2）每個實驗完成得）每個實驗完成得5 5分，共分，共2020分；分； （3 3）點名）點名1 1次不到，次不到，1010分沒了；分沒了； （4 4）抄作業(yè)，抄實驗報告，相應(yīng)分?jǐn)?shù)沒了；）抄作業(yè)，抄實驗報告，相應(yīng)分?jǐn)?shù)沒了；（5 5）請假規(guī)則：必須有正規(guī)請假手續(xù)和課前請假。）請假規(guī)則：必須有正規(guī)請假手續(xù)和課前請假。本課程推薦書目教材中文版 周潤德等 譯，數(shù)字集成電路設(shè)計透視第二版，電子工業(yè)出版社 (Jan M. R

6、abaey, et al. Digital Integrated Circuits, 2nd e, Prentice Hall, 2004)參考書Sung-Mo (Steve) Kang, Yusuf Leblebici, CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits Analysis & Design, 3rd Edition, Mc Graw-Hill 2003R. Jacob Baker, CMOS Circuit Design, Layout, and simulation, 3rd Edition, Wiley, 2010韓雁，集成電路設(shè)計CAD/EDA工

7、具實用教程，機械工業(yè)出版社，2010IC設(shè)計優(yōu)秀書目推薦模擬集成電路Razavi，模擬CMOS集成電路設(shè)計，清華大學(xué)出版社，2005通用參考書（Bible）威斯特，CMOS超大規(guī)模集成電路設(shè)計，第三版，中國電力出版社幾個常見縮略詞CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor)IC (integrated circuit)VLSI (very large scale integrated)ULSI (ultra-large scale integrated)MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect

8、transistors)SPICE (simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis)認(rèn)識集成電路和集成電路設(shè)計為什么需要集成電路？與以前的集成電路設(shè)計相比，為什么現(xiàn)在的集成電路設(shè)計出現(xiàn)了不同以及現(xiàn)在的集成電路設(shè)計遇到了哪些新的挑戰(zhàn)？未來，集成電路將如何發(fā)展？為什么需要集成電路?Integration reduces device size（減小尺寸）Laptop, iPod, mp3, cellphone, .Integration improves the design（提高性能）higher speed; lower power c

9、onsuption;more reliable.Integration reduces manufacturing cost（降低成本）BOM (Board of Materials) cost reducesMass IC production reduces costElectronics IndustryDesign, fab, applicationEducationSoftwareCommunication/NetworkingFab cost: $2-$3 billionDriving force of world economyLarge investment: fab, pac

10、kaging, design, EDAPentium 4 “Northwood”55M transistors / 2-2.5GHzL=0.13mMoores Law (1965)Gordon Moore Intel Founder“The number of transistors on a chip doubled every 18 to 24 months.”16151413121110987654321019591960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975LOG2 OF THE NUMBER OFCOM

11、PONENTS PER INTEGRATED FUNCTIONElectronics, April 19, 1965.Gordon MooreIntel Co-Founder and Chairmain EmeritusImage source: Intel Corporation Information RevolutionElectronic system in cars.Electronic financial system: e-banking,e-money, e-stock, RFID lablePersonal computing/entertainmentMedical ele

12、ctronic systems.Internet: routers, firewalls, servers, storagesElectronic library (Google, .)DVD R/W, HDTV, Interactive TVIn general, consumer electronicsetc .Challenges of IC DesignqComplexity: Multi-million transistors on a single chip (smaller size/faster speed)qMultiple and conflicting specifica

13、tions for high performance (power/speed/throughput)qCompetition: Short design timeqDesign Tools: Multiple tools involved, Complex design flowAnalog BasebandDigital Baseband(DSP + MCU)PowerManagementSmall Signal RFPowerRFRelated to IC Jobs Layout designers Circuit designers (Digital/Analog/RF) Archit

14、ects Test/Verification engineers Fabrication engineers System designers (SoC) CAD tool programmers Embedded System developers Software programmersThe Transistor RevolutionFirst transistorBell Labs, 1947J. Bardeen, W. Shockley, and W. Brattain (1956 Nobel prize Laureate)19581958年年 J. KilbyJ. Kilby（TI

15、TI）研制成功第一個集成電路）研制成功第一個集成電路19591959年年 R. NoyceR. Noyce（FairchildFairchild）第一個利用平面工藝制）第一個利用平面工藝制成集成電路成集成電路The First Integrated Circuits The First Integrated Circuits Bipolar logic1960sECL 3-input GateMotorola 1966First commercial IC logic gates Fairchild 1960TTL 1962 into the 1990sECL 1974 into the 19

16、80s Intel 4004 Micro-Processor19702300 transistors1 MHz operationIntel Pentium (IV) microprocessorPentium 4 “Northwood” Commercial Production: Year 2001L=0.13m 6ML Cu Low-kFC-PGA2MOSFET TechnologyMOSFET transistor - Lilienfeld (Canada) in 1925 and Heil (England) in 1935CMOS 1960s, but plagued with m

17、anufacturing problems (used in watches due to their power limitations)PMOS in 1960s (calculators)NMOS in 1970s (4004, 8080) for speedCMOS in 1980s preferred MOSFET technology because of power benefitsBiCMOS, Gallium-Arsenide, Silicon-GermaniumSOI, Copper-Low K, strained silicon, High-k gate oxide.Wo

18、rldwide Semiconductor RevenueSource: ISSCC 2003 G. Moore “No exponential is forever, but forever can be delayed” 1 Wafer in 1964 vs. 300 mm (12 ”) Wafer in 2003IBM Power PC 970 (130nm) 20031.8 Ghz58 M118 mm2Apple Power G5, the fastestPC in 2003, has dual PPC 970CPU Two chips you are seeing todayMicr

19、oprocessorASIC (Application Specific IC)State-of-the Art: Lead MicroprocessorsState-of-the Art: Lead Microprocessors (up to date) Freq(HZ)TransistorsDie sizemm2Power DateServerIBM Power 4+1.7G180M267N/A2003Itanium 21.5G410M374130W2003IBM Power 5 2G276M 389 N/A 2004/2PCIBM Power PC970 1.8G58M11842W20

20、03/6Pentium 43.2G55M13182W2003/6AMD Athlon 642.2G105M19289W2003/9Pentium 4 (Prescott)3.4G125M112103W2004/2 Pentium 4 180 nm (2001) 1.7 G Hz 42 M transistors 217 mm2 Pentium 4 130 nm (2003) 3.2G Hz 55 M Transistors 131 mm2 Pentium 4 90 nm (2004) 3.4 Hz 125 M Transistors 112 mm2 Pentium on 65nm (2005/

21、2006) 250 Million Pentium on 45nm (2007) 400 to 500 Million (All use 0.13 um technology except Pentium 4 Prescott, which uses 90 nm tech)State-of-the Art: Lead Microprocessors (up to date)300mm wafer and Pentium 4 IC. Photos courtesy of Intel.What A Digital Designer Needs to Know . “Microscopic Prob

22、lems” Ultra-high speed design Interconnect Noise, Crosstalk Reliability, Manufacturability Power Dissipation Clock distribution. “Macroscopic Issues” Time-to-Market Millions of Gates High-Level Abstractions Reuse & IP Availability systems on a chip (SoC) Predictability etc.OutInVDDPMOSNMOS95%如何設(shè)

23、計一個集成電路？The VLSI design process工程的藝術(shù)vMay be part of larger product design.vMajor levels of abstraction:specification architecture logic design circuit design layout designMajor Segments of IC IndustryFabless DesignHousesEDAToolsCompaniesDesignServiceCompaniesLibrary & IPProvidersDedicated IC Man

24、ufacturers (Foundry)PostPost: :EDA: Electronic Design AutomationIP: silicon Intellectual PropertyIDM: Integrated Device ManufacturerIntegratedservicePackaging & Testing HousesASIC Design StylesFull Custom Design FlowCircuit is created by composing a transistor netlistSPICE simulation is performe

25、d to verify the circuitKnown as “capture-and-simulate” paradigmLayout is mostly done manuallyPopular for high-performance microprocessors & memoriesCell-Based Synthesis FlowDesign is first described by Hardware Description Language (e.g., Verilog and VHDL)Based on a cell library, netlist is crea

26、ted by synthesis toolsKnown as “describe-and-synthesize” paradigmLayout can be done through automatic toolsDetailed Custom Design FlowBlock Specification(Finite State Machine,Arithmetic Expression,Boolean Expression)Logic Design Gate-Level Netlist Transistor NetlistTechnology MappingSPICE Simulation

27、SPICEModelLayout Design LayoutLayoutRulesDesign Rule Checking (DRC)Layout vs. Schematic Check (LVS)Parasitic (or wiring) RC extractionPost-Layout SPICE SimulationCheck if SPEC is met ?If yes, done.Otherwise, go back to optimize the designA Simple ExampleFunctionalityOne-bit binary full-adderTechnolo

28、gy1 mm n-well CMOS technologySpeedInput to output delay 5 ns Area 3000 mm2Power Dissipation exactly one of A, B,C is 1Transistor-Level SchematicTechnology mappingMany simple AND OR gates are merged into a complex gate (or a cell in the cell library)Transistor aspect ratiopMOS (W/L) is usually larger

29、 than nMOS (W/L), e.g., 2:1xyxyx = (AB+BC+CA)y = (A+B+C) x + ABC)Initial LayoutPost-layout SPICE simulationincludes the “parasitic resistance & capacitance”is more accurate than the pre-layout simulation (pre-sim)Ratio of channel widths2:1I/O Simulation WaveformsPropagation time tPHL or tPLH as

30、defined aboveLow-to-high propagation time （傳播延時） tPLH = 8.2 ns ! Got to go back to optimize the design !C (Carry_in)SumOptimized LayoutTransistor Sizingchanges the aspect ratios (W/L) of selected transistorsA larger aspect ratio may lead to a higher speedWire Sizing is also more recently proposedPropagation Delay 5 ns !Full Custom Design Example（another)A/DPLAI/OcompRAMMetal1ViaMetal2I/O PadRandom logic(standardcell design)Cell-Based Design FlowArchitecture designSystem-level integrationlayoutNo violationMemorymoduleFunctionalmodelTestbe