2022年初中英語語法時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)歸納2

1、精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載中學(xué)英語語法·時(shí)態(tài)歸納語法歸納：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示常常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；其動(dòng)詞形式為：動(dòng)詞原形 只有第三人稱單數(shù)作主語時(shí)除外,要加 -s 其疑問句和否定句需要用助動(dòng)詞do或 does ；1) 確定句用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的原形：they get up very early every morning.他們每天早晨起來很早；2) 否定句用dont + 動(dòng)詞原形：we do not go shopping on sundays.我們周日不去購(gòu)物；3) 一般疑問句：do they go to school at seven oclock. 他們七點(diǎn)去上學(xué)嗎.-y

2、es、 they do./- no、 they don t.時(shí)間詞： often常常, always總為, sometimes有時(shí), usually通常, on sundays每個(gè)星期天,every day/ week/ morning每天 / 周/早上等；留意：句子中沒有表示時(shí)間的詞時(shí),我們就認(rèn)為這個(gè)句子為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；如： he usually goes to school by bike.通常他騎車上學(xué)；i visit my grandparents every week.我每個(gè)星期都去看祖父母；my parents and i sometimes go out to eat.我和父母有時(shí)

3、出去吃飯；當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),謂語動(dòng)詞也要為第三人稱單數(shù),后要加-s 或-es ；如： he likes reading at night.他喜愛夜里讀書；she usually goes to school by bike.她平常騎車上學(xué)；the little cat drinks milk every day.小貓每天都喝牛奶；1 】轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句要加doesnt,其后的動(dòng)詞用原形；kellydoesntget up early on saturdays and sundays.凱麗星期六星期天起床不早；2 】轉(zhuǎn)換成一般疑問句,句首用does ,其后的動(dòng)詞用原形；does h

4、e have lunch at school.他在學(xué)校吃午飯嗎.原形動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾情形現(xiàn)在時(shí)單三人稱現(xiàn) 在 分 詞過去式和過去分詞一般情形+s+ing+eds、x、ch、sh、o結(jié)尾輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾+esy i、+es+ing+ing+edy i、+ed重讀閉音節(jié)一元一輔+s雙寫輔音字母、+ing雙寫輔音字母、+ed結(jié)尾不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾+s去掉 e、+ing+die 結(jié)尾+sie y、+ing+d【1】規(guī)章動(dòng)詞變化表：規(guī)就變化不規(guī)就變化have has；be is無 見下面的不規(guī)章動(dòng)詞變化表 留意：在加ing 或 ed 時(shí)動(dòng)詞假如以“r”結(jié)尾 、尾音節(jié)又重讀的動(dòng)詞、“ r”應(yīng)雙寫； ed 的讀音

5、規(guī)章：在清輔音后讀 t；在濁輔音后和元音后讀 d ；在 t . d 后讀 id.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載s/e的s iz.讀音規(guī)章：在清輔 s音；后在讀濁輔音后和元 z音；后在讀s. f . z .tf .dv后讀精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載2不規(guī)章動(dòng)詞變化 原表形：過去式過去分詞beam、iswasbeenloselostlost bearewerebeenmakemademade beatbeatbeatenmaymightbecomebecamebecomemeanmeantmeantbringbroughtbroughtpay buildbuil

6、tbuiltputpaid putpaidbuyboughtboughtreadreadreadcancouldrideroderiddencatchcaughtcaughtringrangrungchoosechosechosenriseroserisencomecamecomerunranruncostcostcostsaysaidsaidcutcutcutseesawseendigdugdugsellsoldsolddodiddonesendsentsentdrawdrewdrawnsetsetsetdrinkdrankdrunkshallshoulddrivedrovedrivensh

7、ineshoneshoneeatateeatenshowshowedshownfallfellfallenshutshutshutfeelfeltfeltsingsangsungbeginbeganbegunmeetmetmet blowblewblownmistakemistookmistaken breakbrokebrokenmustmust精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載putfindfoundfoundsinkflyflewflownsitsank/sunksunk/sunken setsetforgetforgotforgot/forgottensleepslepts

8、lept freezefrozefrozensmellsmeltsmelt getgotgotspeakspokespoken givegavegivenspendspentspent gowentgonespillspiltspilt growgrewgrownspoilspoiltspoilt hanghung/hangehdung/hangedstand stood stoodhavehashadhadsweepsweptswept hearheardheardswimswamswum hidehidhiddentaketooktaken hithithitteachtaughttaug

9、ht holdheldheldtelltoldtold hurthurthurtthinkthoughtthought keepkeptkept throw threw thrownknowknewknownunderstandunderstoodunderstood精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載laylaidlaidwakewoke/wakedwoken/wakedlearn leavelendlearnt/learned leftlentlearnt/learned leftlentwear willwinwore wouldwonwornwonletletletwrite

10、wrotewittenlielaylain語法歸納：一般將來時(shí)【1】 一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；【2】時(shí)間詞：1. 表示將來的時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow明天, next year明年, from now on從現(xiàn)在起, in a month一個(gè)月之后, in the future將來,等；2. 包含現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語：today今日, this evening今日晚上, this week這個(gè)星期, this month這個(gè)月, this year今年,等；如：will you be at home at seven this evening.今晚七點(diǎn)你會(huì)在家嗎.【3】其結(jié)構(gòu)：1)

11、will /shall+動(dòng)詞原形；（ shall用于第一人稱疑問句,其它人稱都用will ；）否定： will not=won't； shall not=shan't例如： will you be at home at seven this evening.今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎.2) be going to +動(dòng)詞原形 ；（一般表示人的主觀想法將要去做某事）例如： what are you going to do tomorrow.明天準(zhǔn)備作什么呢.3 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來時(shí)；以下動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來時(shí)：go , come , fly , leave , start , begin

12、 , finish , arrive , end等如： she is leaving for wuhan tomorrow.她明天要去武漢；語法歸納：一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生了的事情；一.時(shí)間詞：yesterday、 this morning、 just now剛才 、in 1970 , last night / year / week、 a moment ago 剛才 、 in may （五月已經(jīng)過去了）、 once upon a time從前 、 the other day那幾天 （那幾天已經(jīng)過去了）、 before 、when當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候、 in the past在過去,等；

13、如： what did you do yesterday.昨天你干了什么.i met lin tao this morning.今日上午我會(huì)到了林濤；i was there a moment ago.剛才我在那兒如： we often played together when we were children.我們小時(shí)候常在一起玩；三.一般過去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞變化：動(dòng)詞的過去式變化原就：精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載(1) 在以字母e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后,只加-d ；如： like liked、 provideprovided、 hate hated、 date dated ；(2) 在以

14、“輔音字母 +y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后,就改y 為 i,再加 ed ；如： supply supplied、 fly flied、 study studied. from (3) 在以單短元音的重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞后,雙寫最終一個(gè)輔音字母,再加 -ed ；如： plan planned、 refer referred、 regret regretted、 ban banned.(4) 一般在動(dòng)詞后加-ed ；如：play played、 offer offered、 weigh weighed、 destroy destroyed、 sign signed.語法歸納：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

15、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；【1 】其結(jié)構(gòu)：be am、 is、 are+v.ing beam、 is、 are +not+v.ing【2 】時(shí)間詞：now現(xiàn)在,以look、 listen開頭的句子,或上下文提示；如： they are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球；如： listen.she is singing an english song.聽,她正在唱英語歌；【3 】動(dòng)詞 v+ing ：現(xiàn)在分詞的變法有1 .以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞,它前面為單個(gè)元音字母時(shí)要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫,再加上-ing.swimming,cut cu

16、tting, put putting 、stop stopping, forget forgetting、 begin beginning 、仍有： run,shop ,win , get、 beg 懇求, prefer ,等；2 .以 ie 結(jié)尾的詞,將ie 變?yōu)?y 再加 ing ；lie 躺 lying ； die 死、 tie 拴.系上,等；3 .以不發(fā)音字母e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去e,再加 -ing.take taking、 leave leaving 、write writing、 have having.4 .一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加上-ing ；jump jumping 、go going

17、、 pushing pushing、 play playing.語法歸納：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過的完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響；1.構(gòu)成：“助動(dòng)詞 have /has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞”；助動(dòng)詞have/has可以與主語縮寫；精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載如： i have i v；ewe have weve； he has hes ； it has it；s精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載規(guī)章變化的過去分詞與動(dòng)詞過去式一樣；不規(guī)章變化的動(dòng)詞過去分詞見表；2.句型：精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載如： i have had lunch.我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了

18、；he has gone to beijing.他去北京了；如：has he gone to beijing.他去過北京了沒有. yes、 he has. no、 he hasnt. 否定回答仍可以用： no、 not yet. / no、 never. / no、 not even once等；3.三個(gè)懂得；【1】標(biāo)志詞：如：have you had lunch. yes、 i have. ievjust had it.你吃過午飯沒. 有,吃過了,我剛剛吃的； 影響及結(jié)果：我現(xiàn)在飽了,不需要了如： he has already gone to beijing.他已經(jīng)去北京了；影響及結(jié)果：他人

19、現(xiàn)在不在這里了留意：該用法常用already已經(jīng) 、 never 從不 、 ever 曾經(jīng) 、 yet 仍舊 、 just 剛剛 、 before以前 等副詞 作狀語 連用；警告：already、 just多用于確定陳述句；already有時(shí)會(huì)顯現(xiàn)于句末,有時(shí)already可以用于疑精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載問句 如： she has already finished her work.她早已干完了活；警告： yet 一般用于疑問句譯為：已經(jīng) 或否定句 譯為：仍 ,常放在句末；如： have you got ready yet.你已經(jīng)預(yù)備好了嗎. he hasn t fin

20、ished his homework yet.他仍精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載沒完成作業(yè)；警告：before一般位于句末；如：i have never seen the film before.以前我從未看過那部電影；【2】 段時(shí)間詞： 與 for + 一段時(shí)間連用,表示多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間；如：he has learned english for two years.他已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)兩年英語了；i have been here for three days.我在這里已經(jīng)3 天了； 與 since + 時(shí)間詞,表示自以來 ；since1991 （自 1991 年以來） ；since half

21、an hour ago（自半個(gè)小時(shí)前）；since three weeks ago.（自三個(gè)星期以前）；since they came過去時(shí)態(tài)to china.（自從他們來到中國(guó)后）；等；如： i ve had a cold since last friday.自上星期五起我就感冒了；如：i ve known her since i came to work here.自從我來這里工作就熟悉他了； 過去多次動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在的積存；如： i have been to beijing twice.我去過北京兩次；wevelearnt five english songs this year.今年我們學(xué)了

22、五首英語歌曲；how many pages of the book have you read.這本書你讀了多少頁了.【3 】非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：1 有一些動(dòng)詞為瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞,也叫非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞, 這些動(dòng)詞一發(fā)生就終止了,常見的有： come、 go、 arrive、 reach、 leave、 begin、 start、 buy、 join、 die、 borrow、 get up、 become、 open、 stop等；這些動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作不能連續(xù),因此不能跟表示一段的時(shí)間狀語連用；即 不能用【 2】中的段時(shí)間詞；如要解決這一問題,就應(yīng)把它改為相應(yīng)的連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或短語,主要有以下幾種：非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 也叫終止

23、性動(dòng)詞 ：精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載用相應(yīng)的連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：如：buy have； borrow keep； come/go/become be； put on wear ；catch a cold have a cold ； begin-havehason；等；轉(zhuǎn)換成be+ 名詞：如：join be a member of； go to school be a student； 等；轉(zhuǎn)換成be+ 形容詞或副詞：如： .die -havehasbeen dead； die be dead ； leave be away； begin be on ； finish精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選

24、學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載 be over； stop-havehasbeen ove；rup； close closed； 等；轉(zhuǎn)換成be+ 介詞短語：fall asleep be asleep； open be open； get up be精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載come to/go to/arrive in at/get to/reach be in/a；t隊(duì) 等；join the army be in the army 軍精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載如： 1. 】他的狗死了 3 天了；his d

25、og has been dead for three days.it is three days since his dog died. his dog died three days ago.2. 】 i have borrowed the book.我已經(jīng)借了那本書；i have kept the book for two days.我已經(jīng)借那本書兩天了；3. 】jim has joined the band.吉姆已經(jīng)加入那樂隊(duì)了；jim has been a member of the band for a month.吉姆已經(jīng)加入那個(gè)樂隊(duì)一個(gè)月了；4. 】his grandfather

26、 has died.他祖父已經(jīng)死了；his grandfather has been dead for 2 years.他祖父已經(jīng)死了兩年了；5. 】my father has arrived in china.我父親已經(jīng)到達(dá)中國(guó)了；my father has been in china for a week.我父親已經(jīng)在中國(guó)一個(gè)星期了；警告：留意：在否定句中,非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可以與段時(shí)間詞連用；如： jimhasnt come back for a year.吉姆已有一年沒回來了；如：i haven t borrowedbooks from the library since last yea

27、r.自去年以來我就沒有在圖書館借過書；【4 】句型轉(zhuǎn)換：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)化成一般過去時(shí),仍可以轉(zhuǎn)化成“it is/has been +時(shí)間段 +since從句 用一般過去時(shí) ”等句型；如：jim has been back for a month.吉姆已經(jīng)回來一個(gè)月了；= jim came back a month ago.吉姆一個(gè)月前就回來了；= it is（ /has been） a month since jim came back.自吉姆回來已經(jīng)有一個(gè)月了；如：i have kept the book for two days.= i borrowed the book two day

28、s ago.= it is （ / has been） two days since i borrowed the book.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載【5 】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)分：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的為過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；標(biāo)志詞為： already、 yet、 just、 ever、 never、 severaltimes幾次 、 before、 so far迄今為止 、 for + 時(shí)間段 、 since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句,等；一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生動(dòng)作已經(jīng)終止了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在沒有影響；凡有過去的時(shí)間詞的句子,都必需用一般過去時(shí),不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；語法歸納：過去完成時(shí)過去完

29、成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作,即“過去的過去 past-in-the-past ”；一.概念：過去完成時(shí)過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)-|- |-|->過去完成時(shí)過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：由 “助動(dòng)詞had +過去分詞 ”構(gòu)成, 其中had通用于各種人稱；如： they had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.如： she had finished writing the composition by 10： 00 this morning.二.判定依據(jù)：【1】 時(shí)間詞：1. by +過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)；如：

30、 i had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.2. by the end of +過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)；如： we had learned over two thousand english words by the end of last term.3. before +過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)；如： they had planted six hundred trees before last wednesday.【2 】 由“過去的過去 ”來判定；過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去 ”,為指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作,即動(dòng)作

31、有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí),在后的用一般過去時(shí)；這種用法常顯現(xiàn)在： 1 賓語從句中,當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí),且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí),從句要用過去完成時(shí)；在told、 said、 knew、 heard、 thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句；如：she said that she had seen the film before. 2 狀語從句中,在時(shí)間.條件.緣由.方式等狀語從句中,主.從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的,要用過去完成時(shí),動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)；如：when i got to the station、 the train had already left.

32、 after he had finished his homework、 he went to bed.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載留意： 如：when i woke up、 it had stopped raining.我醒來時(shí), 雨已經(jīng)停了； 主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去 ”留意：如： he told me that he had written a new book. had written發(fā)生在told之前語法歸納：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí),為表示過去某個(gè)詳細(xì)時(shí)刻正在做的動(dòng)作；一結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were +v.ing 現(xiàn)在分詞 二用法：【1】常用的時(shí)間詞： this mo

33、rning、 the whole morning、 all day yesterday、 from nine to ten last evening、 when、 while整個(gè),等；例如：1we were watching tv from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們?cè)诳措娨暎?2) what was he researching all day last sunday.上周日他一成天都在討論什么.(3) my brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥騎

34、自行車的時(shí)候從車上摔下來,受傷了；(4) it was raining when they left the station.他們離開車站的時(shí)候天正在下雨；(5) when i got to the top of the mountain、 the sun was shining.當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂?shù)臅r(shí)候,陽光輝煌；【2】 . 時(shí)間點(diǎn)：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情；時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語.副詞或從句來表示；如： what was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday.昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么. 介詞短語表示時(shí)間點(diǎn) when i saw him he was decorating his room.當(dāng)我觀察他的時(shí)候他正在裝飾房間；when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn) 【3 】. 由 while引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句中,主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；例如： while he was waiting for the bus、 he was reading a newspaper.他邊等車邊看報(bào)；兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都為連續(xù)的he was cleaning his car while i was cooking.他擦車時(shí)我在做飯；兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行【4 】.通常不能用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞主要有：agree、 be、 believe、 belong、 care、