初中語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)梳理和提高-動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)5.26

1、動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作（study, find, swim等）或狀態(tài)（be, like, feel等）的詞。 動(dòng)詞具有人稱、數(shù)量、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)變化。知識(shí)梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！動(dòng)詞分類：動(dòng)詞有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞四類。一）助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有任何含義，不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)，只能和行為動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，幫助行為 動(dòng)詞組成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣以及疑問(wèn)或否定形式。常見(jiàn)的助動(dòng)詞有be, do, does, did, have, w訂1, shall等。具體用法如下：1、助動(dòng)詞be的用法如下：1）構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：11 was raining al 1 day yesterday.昨天整天

2、下雨。2）構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：the meeting was held yesterday afternoon.會(huì)議是昨天下午舉行的。3）與不定式連用表示按照計(jì)劃、預(yù)先安排或規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：they are to see an english film this evening.他們今天晚上看英語(yǔ)電影。2、助動(dòng)詞do的用法如下：1）構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式或否定式。如：does he think so?t didn，t say anything about the result.2）在動(dòng)詞前加上do, does, did表示強(qiáng)調(diào),意為的確,確實(shí)。如:they do study hard.she does

3、 love him.he did want to help the old man.have:助動(dòng)詞have的過(guò)去式是had。have和had均可與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞一起構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)。女口：he has lived here for three years.as soon as the sun had set they returned.4 shall, should:助動(dòng)詞shall只用于第一人稱的將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)；助動(dòng)詞should是 shall 的過(guò)去式，構(gòu)成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如:i shal 1 send ten letters to my good friend.she wanted to know i

4、f 1 should go to the palaeo.二) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定含義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，要和行為動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。它們 也能表明句子的否定、疑問(wèn)或時(shí)態(tài)上的區(qū)別。常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can, may, must, need, should 等。表不能力表示能力一般用 can, couldo 如:rose can speak now, but she couldn，t a week ago.be able to也表示能力，它和can的區(qū)別如下：1) 表示做事的能力，兩考可通用。但can只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。be able to可用于任何時(shí)態(tài)。女口：she could

5、 / was able to eat four pieces of bread when she was young.they will be able to finish the drawing soon.2) 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)過(guò)努力而成功的某一次動(dòng)作，只能用was/were able to,但在否定 句中可互換。女口：she was weak, but was able to finish the task last night.can (could)在疑問(wèn)句中與第二人稱連用時(shí)，表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或提出請(qǐng)求，表示 委婉語(yǔ)氣。雖然could是can的過(guò)去式，但是could只是表示比can語(yǔ)氣更加委婉

6、客氣， 沒(méi)有吋i'可上的差別。如：-could you lend me your pen?-yes, i can.表示許可表示許可一般用may/might, can/could,而且常可互換。might, could語(yǔ)氣比較 委婉。要特別注意：冋答以might, could開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句只能用meiy, can給予直截了當(dāng)?shù)?回答。-might/could i borrow your book?-yes, you may/can.表示必需、必要must和have to都有"必須",般情況下可互換。如i： you must / have to finish the wo

7、rk.但他們有如下區(qū)別：1) must表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法；have to表示客觀礙要。如：i must have a talk with him.he has to give up smoking because of badly cough.2)否定式mustn't表示禁止，意為不準(zhǔn)，不可以做；don't have to意為不 必。如：you mustn，t hit her.you don't have to explain it to me if you dislike the job.注：表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有表示一淀的must,表示很有可能的should, ou

8、ght to和表示"可能"的can, could, may, might。具體用法如下：must表示較有把握的推測(cè)，只用于肯定句，不能用語(yǔ)否定句或疑問(wèn)句。用法如下:1) 對(duì)目前動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，用must+動(dòng)詞原形。女口：you must lose in the mountain.2) 對(duì)冃前狀態(tài)的推測(cè)，用must + be +表語(yǔ)。如1： you speak for 4 hours, you must be thirsty.在肯定句屮，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)把握不大的推測(cè)用may (might) +動(dòng)詞原形，might 比may的可能性更小；對(duì)過(guò)去把握不大的推測(cè)用may (might

9、) have+過(guò)去分詞。如:the package might come tomorrow.they may have killed the enemies.3、在疑問(wèn)句中，對(duì)現(xiàn)在表示推測(cè)用can (could)+動(dòng)詞原形，對(duì)過(guò)去表示懷疑 則用can (could) have+過(guò)去分詞；在否定句中，對(duì)現(xiàn)在表示推測(cè)用cai/ t+動(dòng)詞原形，對(duì) 過(guò)去表示推測(cè)用can't (couldn't) have+過(guò)去分詞。如1：it can，t be john. he has gone to uk.4 need的雙重身份need既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞乂可作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，它們的用法不同，如不注意區(qū)分，就容

10、易 用錯(cuò)。三) 系動(dòng)詞連詞動(dòng)詞的種類聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞含有一定意義，它們要與其后做表語(yǔ)的形容詞、名詞或介詞(短語(yǔ))一起 構(gòu)成合成謂語(yǔ)。系動(dòng)詞按意義可分為三類，而且有自己的特定用法。1 按意義聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有：be, appear, seem, keep, rema in, contin ue, stay, prove 等，如1： jim appears very old.2、表示感覺(jué)的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有 look, feel, smell, sound, taste 等。如i： it smells bad.表示轉(zhuǎn)變的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有become, fall, get, go, grow, turn等。如：she becom

11、es more beautiful than three years ago.四) 行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞乂稱實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，它們都含有實(shí)在的意義，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可在句中獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。行為動(dòng)詞乂分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。1、及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞后一定耍跟賓語(yǔ)，意思才能完整。女山my mother tol d me she wanted to buy some books for me.2、不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞意義完整，不需帶賓語(yǔ)，但如果有些不及物動(dòng)詞非要帶賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須先加介詞后加賓語(yǔ)。女口：he only worried about his daughter.二、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)有很多。初中階段主要掌握八

12、種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)。1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)是i, we, you, they和名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞用原形。主語(yǔ)是he, she , it和名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下：一般情況+ s以s, x, ch, sh 或 o結(jié)尾+es以輔咅+y結(jié)尾去y變i+es2） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be和like為例）：主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式i am a student.i am not a student.are you a student.we/you/ they

13、arewe/you/ they areare you/ they第一、二人稱和第students.not students.students?三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞he/ she is ahe/ she is not ais he/ she a復(fù)數(shù)student.student.student?i / we/ you/ they/i / we/ you/ they/dorf t like musicdo you/ they likelike music.many people dontmusic?many people likelike music.do many peoplemusic.like

14、 music?3）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的用法：現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如: i get up at six every morning.he plays tennis once a week.現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)例如：my mother is a teacher. she teaches english in a school.客觀真理例如:the earth goes around the sun.4）常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：oftenusually sometimes always every day never in the等。例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1. may i help you

15、, sir? yes, 1 bought the tv the day before yesterday, but it.a. didt work b. doesn，t work c. won' t work d. can，t work2. the bus until it d. don'ta get off, stopsb. get off, will stop c. don't get off, stopsget off, will stop3. the 70-ycar-old man exercises in the morninga. takesb are ta

16、kingctookd will take經(jīng)典例題i.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. we often(play) in the playground2. he(get) up at six o'clock3. you(brush) your teeth every morning.4. what(do) he usually (do) after school?5. danny(study) english, chinese, maths, science and art an school.6. mike sometimes(go) to the park with his sist

17、er.7. at eight at night, she(watch) tv with his parents.8. mike(read) english every day?9. how many lessonsyour classmate(have) on monday?10. what timehis mother(do) the housework?11 mike(like) cooking.12. they(have) the same hobby.13 my aunt(look) after her baby carefully.14. you always(do) your ho

18、mework well.15.1(be) ill. fm staying in bed16. she(go) to school from monday to friday.17. liu tao(do) not like pe.18. the child often(watch) tv in the evening.19. su hai and su yang(have) eight lessons this term.20. what day(be) it today? it's saturday.21. he often(have) dinner at home.22. dani

19、el and tommy(be) in class one-23. we(not watch) tv on monday.24. nick(not go) to the zoo on sunday.25. they (like) the world cup?26. what they often (do) on saturdays?27. your parents (read) newspapers every day?28. the girl (teach) us english on sundays-29. she and i (take) a walk together every ev

20、ening.30. there (be) some water in the bottle.31 .what timehis father(do) the work?32. he(get) up at five o'clock33. you(brush) your teeth every morning34. what( do ) he usually( do ) after school?35. tom( study ) english, chinese, maths, science and art at school.36. kitty sometimes(go) to the

21、park with his sister.37. at eight at night, she( watch ) tv with her parents.3&mike( read ) english every day?39. how many lessonsyour classmates( have ) on monday?40. we often( play ) football in the playground.ii. 選擇()1.you have a book?a. do b. are c. is d. have()2. theyon a farm.a. working b.

22、 is work c work d is worked()3. does peter like to watch tv? .a. yes, he like b. no, he doesn't c. yes, he'd like d. no, he likes()4. she doesn'ther homework in the afternoon.a. doing b. to do c. does d. do( )5. howmr. brownto america?a. do, go b. is, go c. does, go d does, goes()6. where's my camera? iit.a. am not finding b. am not seeing c can't find d cant look at()7. howhe go to work? heto work by bike