小學(xué)英語動(dòng)詞及專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練(1)6頁

1、小學(xué)英語動(dòng)詞及專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1. 動(dòng)詞的定義：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞叫做動(dòng)詞。表示動(dòng)詞的詞如ask ,walk等2. 動(dòng)詞的分類：（1） 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又叫行為動(dòng)詞，能獨(dú)立做謂語：如open，hold , learn（2） 系動(dòng)詞又稱連系動(dòng)詞，不能獨(dú)立做謂語，后邊必須接表語組成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征等：be動(dòng)詞（3） 助動(dòng)詞，主要協(xié)助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫做助動(dòng)詞。它本身沒有詞義，和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，也可構(gòu)成否定或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)：do、will、should、would（4） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示說話人對有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。由于詞義不完全，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，

2、要后接動(dòng)詞完成謂語部分：must、can、could、may、will3. 動(dòng)詞的基本形式（1） 動(dòng)詞原形：動(dòng)詞未經(jīng)任何變化的原來形式。如：have、cut、see（2） 第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)：動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成和名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成法相似。 A.直接加“s” ：read-reads leave-leaves B.以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加“s ”: come-comes close-closes C.以s. x. sh. ch.o結(jié)尾的單詞,加“es ” : watch-watches fix-fixes wash-washes go-goes D.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變“y

3、”為“i”, 再加“es” : cry-cries E.以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加“s” :play-plays（3） 過去式的變化規(guī)則： A.直接加“ed” ：look-looked watch-watched B.以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加“d” : live-lived love-loved C.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變“y”為“i”, 再加“ed ”: cry-cried D.以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加“s ”:play-played E.動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化表Infinitive       &#

4、160;Past tense          Infinitive            Past tense1. am, is          was           &

5、#160;   2. keep               kept3. are             were              4. let &#

6、160;              let5. become     became             6. make              made7. beg

7、in        began              8. meet               met9. bite           bit 

8、;               10. put                put11. blow       blew          

9、0;    12. read               read13. buy          bought             14. ride     

10、60;         rode15. catch      caught             16. run               ran17. come   

11、0;  came               18. say               said19. cost        cost        

12、60;      20. see               saw21. cut          cut                22. sing &

13、#160;           sang23.dig          dug                24. sit           &#

14、160;    sat25.do           did                26. sleep           slept27. draw     drew&#

15、160;              28. speak         spoke29. drink     drank              30. sweep    

16、60;    swept31. eat        ate                32. take           took33. fall        fell&

17、#160;              34.teach          taught35. feed       fed                36. tell

18、              told37.feel        felt               38.think          thought39. fly 

19、         flew               40. throw        threw41.forget      forgot           

20、60; 42.understand    understood43. get          got                44. give          gave45. wake   

21、    woke               46. go            went 47. wear        wore          

22、;     48. grow       grew49. win           won                50. have/has   had51. write    &#

23、160;  wrote              52. know       knew53 .break broke4.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): 表示經(jīng)常性、規(guī)律性習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)。 結(jié)構(gòu)：1. 動(dòng)作詞一般用原形，但如果是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)（如Tony ，he ，she ），動(dòng)作詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即加s 或 es ; 在主語前加do, does幫助疑問句，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形；在動(dòng)作詞

24、前加dont, doesnt 幫助否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形。2. 句子中沒動(dòng)作詞時(shí)，用be動(dòng)詞：is , am , are ； is , am , are 放在主語前幫助疑問句；is , am , are 后面加上not幫助否定句。3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, should，must引起的句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形； can, may, should，must 放在主語前幫助疑問句，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形；can, may, should, must后面加上not幫助否定句，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形。 4. 肯定祈使：動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它 否定祈使句：Dont +動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它 5感嘆句： W

25、hat a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers! What+(形)名 How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are! How+形A. 肯定句：(非第三人稱單數(shù))主語+V+其它 We come from China.(第三人稱單數(shù))主語+Vs+其它 He comes from China.主語+be (is, am, are)+其它 We are from China.主語+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can, may, should, mu

26、st)+V+其它 She must go.B. 否定句：(非第三人稱單數(shù))主語+dont +V+其它 We dont come from China. (第三人稱單數(shù)) 主語+doesnt +V+其它 He doesnt come from China.主語+be (is, am, are) not+其它 I arent from China.主語+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can, may, should, must)+not +V+其它C一般疑問句：Do +(非第三人稱單數(shù))主語+V+其它 Do you come from China?Does +(第三人稱單數(shù))主語+Vs+其它 Does he come

27、 from China? be (Is, Am, Are)+主語+其它 Are you from China?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Can, May, Should, Must)+主語+ V+其它 She cant go.D特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+do +(非第三人稱單數(shù))主語+V+其它 Where do you come from? 特殊疑問詞+does +(第三人稱單數(shù))主語+Vs+其它 Where does he come from? 特殊疑問詞+be (is, am, are)+主語+其它 Where are you from? 特殊疑問詞+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Can, May, Should, Must)

28、+主語+ V+其它 Can she go?二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 結(jié)構(gòu)：1. be動(dòng)詞( is , am , are) + 動(dòng)詞ing (現(xiàn)在分詞)； is , am , are 放在主語前幫助疑問句，后面的動(dòng)詞加ing；is , am , are 后面加上not幫助否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞加ing。A. 肯定句:主語+be（is, am, are）+Ving+其它 They are coming here. B. 否定句：主語+be（is, am, are）+not +Ving+其它They arent coming here.C. 一般疑問句：be（Is, Am, Are）+

29、主語+ Ving+其它 Are they coming here?D. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ be（is, am, are）+主語+ Ving+其它 What are they doing?三、一般過去時(shí)：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 結(jié)構(gòu)：1. 動(dòng)作詞用過去式(ed ) ； 在主語前加did幫助疑問句，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形；在動(dòng)作詞前加didnt幫助否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形。2. 句子中沒動(dòng)作詞時(shí)，用be動(dòng)詞的過去式：was , were； was , were 放在主語前幫助疑問句；was , were后面加上not幫助否定句。A. 肯定句：主語+Ved+其它 We came f

30、rom China 主語+be (was, were)+其它 We were from China. B. 否定句：主語+didnt +V +其它 We didnt come from China. 主語+be (was, were) +not+其它 We werent from China.C一般疑問句：Did +主語+V +其它 Did you come from China? be (Was, Were)+主語+其它 Were you from China?D特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ did +主語+V +其它 Where did you from? 特殊疑問詞+ be (was, we

31、re)+主語+其它 Where were from?四、一般將來時(shí)：表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 結(jié)構(gòu)：1. be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 is , am , are 放在主語前幫助疑問句；is , am , are 后面加上not幫助否定句。2. will+ 動(dòng)詞原形will放在主語前幫助疑問句，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形；will后面加上not幫助否定句，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形。A. 肯定句：主語+will +V +其它 He will dig a hole.主語+ be going to +V +其它 He is going to dig a hole. B. 否定句：主語+will not

32、+V +其它 He wont dig a hole.主語+ be not going go +V +其它 He isnt going to dig a hole. C一般疑問句：Will+主語+V+其它 Will he dig a hole? Be(Is, Am, Are) +主語going to +V+其它 Is he going to did a hole? D特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+will+主語+V+其它 What will he do? 特殊疑問詞+be(is, am, are) +主語going to +V+其它 What is he going to do?五、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示過

33、去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。結(jié)構(gòu)：1. be動(dòng)詞( was, were) + 動(dòng)詞ing； was, were 放在主語前幫助疑問句，后面的動(dòng)詞加ing；was, were后面加上not幫助否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞加ing。A. 肯定句:主語+be（was, were）+Ving He was digging a hole.B. 否定句：主語+be（was, were）+not +Ving He wasnt digging a hole.C. 一般疑問句：be（Was, Were）+主語+ Ving Was he digging a hole?D. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ be（was, were）+主

34、語+ Ving What was he doing（二）時(shí)態(tài)意義與結(jié)構(gòu)一覽表：時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)意義與動(dòng)詞主語動(dòng)詞形式常用時(shí)間肯定句否定句(特殊)疑問句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。be動(dòng)詞三單isis not (疑問詞) is +主語always,often, nowusually,sometimes,ever, never, in the morningin the afternoon,in the evening,at night,on Sunday,everyonce a week,twice a month,3 times a yearIamam not(疑問詞)am+主語you,復(fù)arear

35、e not(疑問詞)are+主語2. 表示經(jīng)常性習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、興趣愛好或能力。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞所有主語can +Vcan not +V(疑問詞)can +主語+Vmay +Vmay not +V(疑問詞)may+主語+Vmust +Vmust not +V(疑問詞)must+主語+Vshould +Vshould not +V(疑問詞)should+主語+V行為動(dòng)詞三單Vsdoesnt +V(疑問詞)does +主語+V非三單Vdont +V(疑問詞)do +主語+V3.祈使句be無BeDont beBe quick. Dont be worried.行為無VDont +VListen to me.

36、Dont push.4.感嘆句What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers!How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are!一般過去時(shí)表示過去了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。be動(dòng)詞單youwaswas not(疑問詞) was +主語yesterday,this morning,before that,last復(fù)+youwerewere not(疑問詞)were+主語行為所有主語Veddidnt +V(疑問詞)did +主語+V現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。行為動(dòng)詞三單is +Vingis not +Ving(疑問詞) is +主語+Vingnow,Listen!Look!WheresIam +Vingam not +Ving(疑問詞)am+主語+Vingyou,復(fù)are +Vingare not +Ving(疑問詞)are+主語+Ving過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。行為單youwas +Vingwas no