初二英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、初二英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)其次單元學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)unit 2 i'll help clean the city parks.一學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞小結(jié)常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)有下面幾種：申申老師提示，下面的短語(yǔ)非常重要，歸納相當(dāng)?shù)轿?，建議成果優(yōu)秀的同學(xué)必需全部把握；1.動(dòng)詞 +副詞如： give up 舍棄turn off關(guān)掉stay up 熬夜這種結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，假如其賓語(yǔ)是代詞，就必需放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，假如是名詞，就既可插在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，也可放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后；2. 動(dòng)詞 +介詞 如： listen of聽(tīng) look at 看 belong to屬于這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，后面跟賓語(yǔ)；3. 動(dòng)詞 +副

2、詞 +介詞如： come up with提出，想出run out of用完，耗盡4. 動(dòng)詞 +名詞 介詞 如： take part in 參與catch hold of抓住1. cheer sb. up 使某人 興奮、振作如：cheer me up使我興奮clean up 打掃clean-up n.打掃2. homeless adj. 無(wú)家可歸的a homeless boy 一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的男孩home n.家4. sick adj. 生病的作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)ill adj.生病的作表語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)5. volunteer to do v.理想效勞、主動(dòng)奉獻(xiàn)volunteer n.理想者6. come

3、 up with提出想出= think up想出catch up with趕上追上7. put off doing推遲做某事put on穿上指過(guò)程 put up張貼8. write down寫(xiě)下登記9. call up 打電話make a telephone call打電話10. set up 成立建立the new hospital was set up in 2000.這座醫(yī)院是在2000 年成立的；11. each 每個(gè)各自的強(qiáng)調(diào)第一個(gè)人或事物的個(gè)別情形常與 of 連用every 每個(gè)每一個(gè)的一切的就有“全體”的意思不能與of 連用12. putto use把投入使用，利用they pu

4、t the new machine to use.他們把新機(jī)器投入使用13. help sb. to do幫忙某人做某事help him to study help sb. with sth.幫忙某人做某事help him with english help do幫忙做某事help study14. plan to do方案做某事plan + 從句i plan to go to beijing. = i plan that i will go to beijing.我方案去北京；15. spenddoing花費(fèi)做i spent a day visiting beijing.我花了一天的時(shí)間去參

5、觀北京；spendon sth.花費(fèi)在i spent 3 years on english.16. join參與指參與團(tuán)體、組織 如： join the party入黨take part in參與指參與活動(dòng) 如：take part in sports meeting參與運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)17. run out與 run out ofrun out become used up.其主語(yǔ)往往為物；如時(shí)間，食物，金錢(qián)，油等，本身就含有被動(dòng)意義；his money soon ran out.他的錢(qián)很快就花光了；our time is running out.我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了；run out of主語(yǔ)為人，表示

6、主動(dòng)含義；he is always running out of money before pay day.他總是在發(fā)工資的日子仍沒(méi)有到就把錢(qián)花完了；兩者在肯定條件下可以互換如：the petrol is running out.汽油快用完了= we are running out of petrol.我們快把汽油用完了；our time is running out.我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了；= we are running out of time18. take after 在外貌、性格等方面與父母等 相像 be similar to與.相像take after相像look after照料ta

7、ke care of 照料19. work out v. + adj.結(jié)局，結(jié)果為the strategies that he came up with worked out fine.他提出的這個(gè)策略成效很好；算出，制訂出，消耗完（精力等）he never seems to be worked out.他似乎永久不會(huì)疲乏似的；he worked out a plan.他制訂了一個(gè)方案；i have worked out our total expenses.我已經(jīng)算出了我們總的費(fèi)用；21. hang out閑蕩閑逛i like to hang out at mall with my frie

8、nds.我喜愛(ài)和我的伴侶一起去購(gòu)物中心閑蕩；22. be able to do能 會(huì) be unable to do不能不會(huì)23. thank you for doing感謝做某事如：thank you for helping me感謝做幫忙我24. for sure的確如此，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)you don t have money. that s for sure. 你沒(méi)有錢(qián)，這是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的；25. fillwith使布滿用填充she filled the bowl with water.她用水填滿碗；26. hand out分發(fā)hand out bananasgive out分發(fā) give out

9、 sth to sb.分.給某人 give up doing舍棄give up smoking舍棄吸煙give away 贈(zèng)送捐贈(zèng)give away sth. to. give away money to kids give sb. sth. 給某人某東西give me money給我錢(qián)give sth. to sb.給某人某東西give money to me給我線27. help sb. out幫忙做事，解決難題擺脫困境 i cant work out this math problem. please help me out.我不能算出這道數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)你幫我解決；28. train n.

10、火車(chē)train v. 訓(xùn)練train sb. to do.訓(xùn)練某人做某事she trains her dog to fetch things.她訓(xùn)練她的狗去取東西；29. at once = right away立 刻 立刻如：do it at once.立刻去做；i ll go there at once/ right away.我立刻去那里；30. one day 有一天指將來(lái) / 過(guò)去 some day 有一天 指將來(lái) 如：one day i went to beijing.有一天我去了北京；some day i ll go to beijing.有一天我將去北京；34. disable

11、d adj.肢體有殘疾的disable v. 不能36. volunteer可數(shù)名詞“理想者” adj. 自愿的vi. volunteer to do sththey are the chinese people s volunteers. 他們是中國(guó)人民理想軍；i volunteer to help you.我自愿幫忙你；二句子1we cant put off making a plan. clean-up day is only two weeks from now.我們不能推遲制訂方案，清潔日離現(xiàn)在只有兩周了；2she putsthis love to good use by worki

12、ngintheafter-schoolcare centreat her local elementary school.她在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰鶎W(xué)校的課后輔導(dǎo)中心工作，使這個(gè)愛(ài)好得到較好的利用3not only do i feel good about helping other people, but i get to spend time doing what i love todo. 幫忙別人不但自己感到歡樂(lè)，而且我開(kāi)頭花時(shí)間做自己喜愛(ài)做的事了；申申老師語(yǔ)法講解：本句中包含了一個(gè)部分倒裝的語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)（中同學(xué)只需把握否定詞位于句首的倒裝形式，成果優(yōu)異的同學(xué)最好把我下面的語(yǔ)法講解全部把握）部分倒裝是指

13、將該句中謂語(yǔ)的一部分如be 動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前；下面具體講解部分倒裝的各種類(lèi)型題：1) 以否定詞開(kāi)頭的句子要求部分倒裝；留意以下句子中助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前、甚至補(bǔ)充助動(dòng)詞的用法 : 例:not until yesterday did little john change his mind.小約翰直到昨天才轉(zhuǎn)變了想法； in no country other than britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.據(jù)說(shuō)除了英國(guó)世界上沒(méi)有哪個(gè)國(guó)家能讓

14、人在一天中感受到四季變化2) 以否定副詞開(kāi)頭并加狀語(yǔ)放在句首的句子要求部分倒裝；這些否定副詞有barely, hardly,little, seldom, scarcelywhen, never, no soonerthan, rarely, no more, not nearly, notonly 等以及 only ； only in the country can you learn the "true english".3一些如 scarcelywhen, no soonerthan, hardlywhen 引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句主句要 求使用過(guò)去完成式；留意 :在部分倒裝

15、句中，只有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞to be 可以置于主語(yǔ)之前，其它部分都要置于主語(yǔ)之后；4此外，一些介詞 +no+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中需要用部分倒裝，這些結(jié)構(gòu)包括at no time; by no means; by no manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account; on no consideration; at no point例如 under no circumstances should you lend paul a

16、ny money. 留意 :a) 假如含有從句時(shí)，只要求主句倒裝: 例:only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. 只有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說(shuō)出那個(gè)字后才意識(shí)到自己犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤；b) 假如上述否定副詞顯現(xiàn)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的前半部分，不用倒裝:例: it was not until he went abroad that he knew the truth of the fact.直到他出國(guó)以后才明白到事實(shí)真相； c) 假如 hardly, scarcely 后面接的是any, ever, at

17、all 時(shí)，意義類(lèi)似 almost no/ not/ never幾乎不、從不 ，就無(wú)須倒裝；例:hardly any people invited went there.幾乎沒(méi)有什么受到邀請(qǐng)的人去那里了；5) 由 no matter how, however和 how 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句要求部分倒裝，由于形容詞或副詞通常緊跟在這三個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞后面，然后才是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，形成形式上的部分倒裝句:例:i know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.我一點(diǎn)也不明白這條河，不知道它有多長(zhǎng)，多寬或多深；6

18、) 由 as 引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句:a) 當(dāng) as 作為比較意義時(shí)，即用于 as + adj./ adv. + as 結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)，假如把第一個(gè)as 省略掉，就形成部分倒裝句；例:cautious as the rest of her family was , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question. 正如她家里人一樣謹(jǐn)慎當(dāng)心，她似乎不情愿立刻回答我的問(wèn)題；she charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit ran. 她跑上樓去，跑得象兔子那么快.b) 當(dāng) as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，和although,though 一樣，當(dāng)用作"盡管 "之義時(shí)，可以用于部分倒裝句；hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam. 雖然他很用功，但他仍是沒(méi)及格c) 表示緣由時(shí)，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)起見(jiàn)，也可以倒裝；