同位語(yǔ)與定從的區(qū)別

1、2. 同位語(yǔ)在句子中的位置同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如:he got the news from mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別（1）定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何 成分。（2）定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述 定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。例如：1） the news that he to

2、ld me is that tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我 的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。）（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作 賓語(yǔ)）2）the news that tom would go abroad is told by him> （湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的。）（同位語(yǔ)從句，that在句中不作任何成分）© because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句because可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但通常只用于"this/that/it i/was because結(jié)構(gòu)中注意：在表語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)reason做主語(yǔ)時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞只能用that,不能用

3、because,即the reason is that the reason （why）is that女口：the reason was that he didn catch the early bus.原因是因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有趕上早班車。the reason why he is absent from work is that he is seriously ill誤區(qū)之一：混淆that與what的用法1. that they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world.（誤）what

4、 they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world.（正）解析：that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)本身沒(méi)有意義，也不在句子中充當(dāng)句子成分；what 則表示“什么”或“的東西或事情”，在從句中可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。本 句中的what充當(dāng)discuss的賓語(yǔ)。誤區(qū)二：混淆that與why的用法2. why farmland here is being lost is because farmers have cut down too many trees in recent yea

5、rs. （誤）why farmland here is being lost is that farmers have cut down too many trees in recent years. （正）解析：why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句或reason作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that而 不用because。because也可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，常用于this / that is because. .的句式 中。誤區(qū)三：混淆if與whether的用法whether可以用于所有的名詞從句中，if常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中，兩者都不能省略。3. if the famous scientist will co

6、me to attend the agricultural conference is not known yet.（誤）whether the famous scientist will come to attend the agricultural conference is not known yet.正）解析：if與whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)經(jīng)?？梢曰Q。但在下列情況下常使用whether:1. 從句中提出兩種選擇時(shí)，或句中有or not時(shí)；2. 作介詞時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；3. 從句提前時(shí)；4. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句以及同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；5. 放在不定式前，與不定式組成詞組時(shí)；6. 作disc

7、uss等詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；e.g. he was not sure whether he ought to laugh or cry.i worry about whether i hurt her feelingswhether he will come or not i don't quite know.we discussed whether we should close the shop.she hasn't decided whether to go or not.1.1 don't know whether / if i can come. = i don

8、9;t know whether i can come or not2. we worried about whether he was in good health or note3. the question is whether you can do it yourself.whether they will win is all the same to me.the question whether he should come himself or send another one hasn't been decided.4.1 haven't decided whe

9、ther to go there or not.誤區(qū)四：遺漏連詞that4. people in that area often go hungry worries the local officials very much. （誤）that people in that area often go hungry worries the local officials very much. （正）當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后緊接著作主語(yǔ)的that(或this)時(shí)，that常不可省略。如:e.g comrade wang told me that that was why he was not a

10、 little tired.he said that this was not his book, but his sister誤區(qū)五： 混淆no matter who/ what.與whoever / whatever5. no matter who destroys the forest will be punished.（誤）whoever destroys the forest will be punished .（正）解析：whatever, whoever, whichever等一些連詞既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；而no matter who / what.只能引導(dǎo)

11、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句而不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。五、名詞性從句考點(diǎn)歸納 考點(diǎn)之一：考查that與whate.g. 1.we can*t get seems better thanwe have.a. what; what b. what; thatc. that; that d. that; what (nmet*96)分析：在名詞性從句中that與what的區(qū)別是"hat在名詞性從句中不作句子成分, 只起連接作用；而what在名詞性從句中不僅起連接作用，而且充當(dāng)句子成分。句 子的意思是：我們得不到的似乎比我們已經(jīng)擁有的要好。此題考查了兩個(gè)名詞性從 句：主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句，what在這兩個(gè)名詞性從

12、句中都作賓語(yǔ)?？键c(diǎn)之二：考查it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)e.g. 2.is a fact that english is being accepted as an international language.（nmet '95）a. there b. this c. that d. it分析：為了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)從 句或賓語(yǔ)從句放到后面，尤其是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句往往用it作形式主語(yǔ)。此句也 可以改寫為： that english is being accepted as an international language is a fac

13、t.考點(diǎn)之三：考查名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序e.g. 3.the photographs will show you ( met ' 89)a. what does our village look likeb. what our village looks likec> how does our village look liked. how our village looks like分析：名詞性從句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序；再根據(jù)句型what does sb. / sth. look like?,所以選b.考點(diǎn)之四：考查whether與ife.g. 4.well go camping tomor

14、row depends on the weather (nmet ' 96)a. if b. whether c. that d. where分析：句意為:我們明天是否去野營(yíng)要看天氣而定。whether與if的區(qū)別是：在弓|導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)兩者可以互換，但在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，以及介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句或后面緊跟or not時(shí),常用whether,而不用if。5. what the doctors really doubt ismy mother will recover from the seriousdisease soon.(上海2001)a. when b. how

15、c. whether d. whywhether分析：句意為：醫(yī)生真正懷疑的是我母親是否能很快從重病中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句?？键c(diǎn)之五： 考查 whatever, whoever 與 no matter what / who.e.g. 6. sarah hopes to become a friend ofshares her interests.(上海1995)a> anyone b. whomeverc. whoever d. no matter who分析:句意為：sarah希望跟自己有共同愛(ài)好的人交朋友。注意：whatever, whoever. 既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引

16、導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；而no matter what / who只能引 導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。首先排除a和d,從句中需要的是主語(yǔ)，所以whomever錯(cuò)?？键c(diǎn)之六：考查名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣at least a foreign language.(上海e.g. 7. it is necessary that a college student 1993)a> masters b. should master c. mastered d. will master分析：句意為：大學(xué)生至少掌握一門外語(yǔ)是必要的。that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。我們應(yīng)注意：1).在句型：1. it is necessary / important / natural / strange, etc. that 中，that從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)2. it is a pity / shame / no wonder, etc. that 3. it is suggested / requested / proposed / desired, etc. that 詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣h (should) +動(dòng)詞原形”。2).表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、要求