第一章 流體動力過程

1、第一章第一章 流體動力過程流體動力過程 ：流體靜力學基本方程，流體穩(wěn)定流動時的流體靜力學基本方程，流體穩(wěn)定流動時的 衡算，流體流動阻力計算，流體流量測定。衡算，流體流動阻力計算，流體流量測定。：流體穩(wěn)定流動時的物料衡算和能量衡算流體穩(wěn)定流動時的物料衡算和能量衡算。) 11 ( Vm) 21 ( RTPMRTPMRTPMmm) 41 (12211nnmxxxVG1mV) 71 ( AFPGP1P2P0Z1Z2Z0)111 (gPgP2211ZZGP1P2P0Z1Z2Z0gPgP0022ZZOO/abP1P2Z1Z2hOO/abP1P2Z1Z2h/3112/3/33222/212/11ghgRgh

2、ghgR222PPPPPPPPPPPPOHHgOHOHHgaPaPaPaPPPPamsmmkgmsmmkgPPPaOHHga54552323212110686. 210807. 910705. 110705. 1)5 . 08 . 0(81. 91000)7 . 06 . 0(81. 913600)hg(h)Rg(R2表表gR21CAPPPaP120mmmsmmkgPagPR14014. 081. 987912023mmmsmmkgPagPRCA1030103. 081. 987999812023/34. 714103/mmmmRRz1z2Pb21OO/P0RhHgRhgRPPghPPHgHg

3、0b0a則ssHHPgHPgH水油水油0013)(1 Vm14)(1AVw)141 ( AVwwVd477077. 036008 . 1785. 030/3600/303mmmdsmV所以因為wVdwVdwVAAVw442即0805. 05 .80245 .88mmmd內/6 . 13600)0805. 0(785. 0302smw/345 .88ywAF/)151 (0yw )151 (0adydwdydw)161 ( ywAF/smkg22NmsNmsmmywAF/)171 (loglogiimx)181 (2/ 12/ 1iiiiimMyMy)191 (Redw) c201 ( 常數12

4、21AAww21221ddww Jmsmkg2221mw222mw22Jsmkg22111mwmgZE22222mwmgZE1AV2AVVPVPAVAPAVAPW212221112221122221mwmgZmwmgZVPVP2222222111mwmPmgZmwmPmgZVm2222222111wPgZwPgZgwgPZgwgPZ2222222111常數gwgPZ22gw221gw222gP1gP2)231 ( hgP2gwZHgP2gwZ22221211)231 ( hgP2gwZHgP2gwZ22221211hgP2gwZHgP2gwZ22221211m09. 2h20219.81h22

5、22112122ZgPgwZgPgwgPPgww212122211AVw 22AVw gPP2gAVAV212122)241 ( gPPA1A12gV212122/21442hgDdcdV/2402hgcdV/02/42/4421222221212224214)(211441412112hgcdhgDdcdghggDdcgPPDdgcgPPAAgcV22221121ZgP2gwZgP2gw21ZZ 2wwPP212221)a261 ( AV2gww/ff212211AVw 22AVw /21222ffAVgAVAV /212222111ffAVgAAV /2122221ffAVgAAA)b26

6、1 ( AV2gAA1AV/ff212221221/AAA21221/AAA) c261 ( AV2gAA1cAV/ff2122 /212221ffAVgAAcAVaaffaaAVgAAAcV /212221/aaaaccVVca。圖1-20 容器的相對位置022ZgPgw01w sm255. 0)100. 0(785. 03600/20. 7d4Vw222m55. 555. 5103 . 381. 990010)81. 97 .14(81. 920)255. 0(gPPg2wwZZ342AB212221022ZgPgwgPgP0gP12 米流體柱gPPhhgPgPgPgPgPgP212121

7、21022hZgPgwldF0/ldllFW0/)281(gdl4gld4dl)l(mgWh020/米流體柱)291 ( 20202w8/2gw)dl)/(gdl(4/2gw)dlh/()301 ( 81wf20)311 ( 2gwdl8fh2)321 ( Re8f)331 ( 0.20.023Ref)311 ( 2gwdl8fh2Re8f2 . 0Re023. 0f)(RefRe(Re)f221)311 ( 2gwdl8fh2228wgldhf)341 ( 223222gdlh41wdw2gld8hfReRe8f2 . 0Re023. 0f223222gdlh41wdw2gld8hfRe)3

8、21 ( Re8f)331 ( 0.20.023Ref223241Regdlhf223241Regdlhf2323)1000. 1 (81. 9)1000()100. 0(10000. 141/04. 110101000. 11004. 1Re3135smdw）潤周邊（在通道截面上流體的浸）流體通道的橫截面積（）當量直徑（Ad40ddd44A4d20dDdDdDdDd4D44A4d22220gwdllfhe282 sm1.003600(0.100)0.87528.26d4Vw22531000. 11000. 11000100. 000. 1Rewd0023. 0Re023. 02 . 0fm4

9、6. 020)00. 1 (100. 0500023. 08822gwdlfh21m5 . 120)00. 1 (100. 00 .400 .605 .17500023. 0822gwdll8fh2e2m46. 0121hgPPm5 . 1221hgPPgwdllfhe2822gwdl8fh25100 . 23-11101.0010000.1002.0dwReOmH32. 020)0 . 2(100. 0100020. 088222gwdlfh2115100 . 43-22101.0010000.1004.0dwReOmH1 . 120)0 . 4(100. 0100017. 088222gw

10、dlfh21253-33100 . 8101.0010000.1008.0dwReOmH8 . 320) 0 . 8 (100. 0100015. 088222gwdlfh213tdVw24gwdlfh2821)271 (0hZgP2gw2tAVAVw（流體體積）（體積流量）21PP 0gP21ww 0w0hZ)351 ( 2gwdl8fl2)(/wd8Re8f321gwdlfh2822gwdl8fl2)351 (gwdlwdl2/882)361(32wgd2)a361(8VgtR4VgtRwgd8321141121VgtRwgd83222422222112211ttww/2m/s 0.004

11、5 td4Vw2100)100 . 1 (875. 0105 . 3236045. 03281. 91050)100 . 1 (32232wgd20006 . 6102 . 71050100 . 1045. 0wdRe33m/s0.18w100101.911055101.0wwdRe33780)10(1.919.81(1055)10(1.00.1300.13041gdlh41fRe23233-2232圖1-26 流體流過一個球形顆粒的情況02/2hZgPgw0Z0wZZww22121gPPh21/2w)/P(P/2gwh2212/動能單位重量流體所具有的力所造成的壓頭損失單位重量流體的形狀阻)

12、371 ( 2wPP221)381 ( wdRe/Re24gdFs3161gdF326122134)(dPPFs2221wPP04)(616122133dPPgdgds)(3221ggdPPs)401 ()(3222ggdwsi/24Re24/dwi)(322/242ggdwdwsii)411 ( 18)g(dws2i18)(2sigdwtlgdwgdsis/18)(18)(2218)(2sigdwm/kg1200m/kg800033s42321033. 11881. 9)12008000()100 . 5(18)(iswgd1101 . 112000 . 71200100 . 51033. 1634dwRei/niww0022ZgPgw0Z02122122gPPgwwgPPgww12222124581. 9296.1290081. 926 . 3301222mgPP1041. 44581. 91000512PaPPWWZmgPVwm/221mgWmgWmgZmgmgPVmgwm/22HhZgPgw22ZgP/入P入wZ