大學(xué)外貿(mào)英語chapter 22 Some Important Laws Affecing Foreign Trade

1、chapter 22some important laws affecting foreign trade影響對外貿(mào)易的一些重要法律有關(guān)背景與業(yè)務(wù)知識(shí)的必要補(bǔ)充 2.1關(guān)于產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法中的有關(guān)貨物質(zhì)量的兩種默示擔(dān)保there are two implied warranties of the quality of goods: the waoranties of merchantability, and of fitness for a particular parpose, which are imposed on the seller of goods by operation of law

2、 （法律的實(shí)施） unless they are excluded or modified by the contract of sale.有關(guān)背景與業(yè)務(wù)知識(shí)的必要補(bǔ)充 2.2對implied warranty of merchantability 商銷性默示擔(dān)保的詳細(xì)解釋the implied warranty of merchantability is made by merchants dealing in goods of the kind sold, and means that in order for the goods to be up to the warranted sta

3、ndard they must: (1) pass in the frade under the contract description; (2) be of fair average quality with in the contract description if they are fungible goods(可互換/可替代貨物）；（3） be fit for the ordinary purposes for which such goods are sold; （4） be of even kind, quality, and quantity within each unit

4、 and among all units involved; (5) be adequately contained, packaged, and labeled; and (6) conform to promises or affirmations of fact, if any, contained or the label or container.new words new words 1. to subsidize vt. 補(bǔ)貼=to did or support with a subsidy 2. simultaneous a. 同時(shí)的，同時(shí)發(fā)生的=occurring, done

5、, crexisting at the same time 3. to stipulate vt.vi. 規(guī)定=to specify as the provision in a law 4. casual a. 偶然的，非事先安排好的=occurring by chance or accidental 5. to suspect vt. 懷疑=to think a company or a person guilty on little or no evidence 6. to assess vt. 估定，確定=to determine the amount of, as a tax on a

6、 company 7. retroactively adv. 可追溯既往地（形容詞為retro active） 8. procedure(s) n. 程序（如：civil procedures民事程序and criminal procedares）刑事程序 9. outright a. 全部的， e.g. cash disbursement 全部的現(xiàn)金支付 10. to justify vt. 證明是正當(dāng)?shù)?11. exclusively adv. 獨(dú)家地，排他地 12. to empower vt. 授權(quán) 13. signitory n. 締約國，簽署方=any of the states

7、whose signiture is attached to a documentnew words 14. susceptible a. 易受影響的=to be highly sensitive to 15. discuption n. 混亂 e.g. market市場混 16. non performance n. 不履行（合同，義務(wù)）new wordseconomic and legal terms 1. the united nations 聯(lián)合國（?？s寫成the un=an organization of sovereign states, having its pernament

8、head quarters in new york city since 1951, created by the united nations charter drafted in 1944. but the un was estublihed in 1945.） 2. the united nations canvention on contracts for the international sales of goods (cisg) 聯(lián)合國國際貨物買賣合同公約： this convention becoming effective in march, 1980 consists of

9、 four parts: (1) application scope, (2) formation of contracts, (3) sales of goods, and (4) final provions. 3. prsduct liability 產(chǎn)品責(zé)任/產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法（定義見課文） 4. antfrust and antisubsidies laws 反傾銷與反托拉斯法 5. antitrust law 反托拉斯economic and legal terms 6. fair market value 公平市場價(jià)（also called market value = the pric

10、e that a willing purchaser would pay and a willing seller would accept for a particular item in an armslength transaction 彼此獨(dú)立買賣交易 in an open market, where both are acting with full information, and neither is under particular pressare to buy or sell.） 7. imports n. 進(jìn)口商品（與exports“出口商品”相對：注意必須用復(fù)數(shù)） 8.

11、 like products相同產(chǎn)品（此處like為形容詞，表示“相同的”“同類的”） 9. countervailing duty 反傾銷稅（also called counfervailing tariff=extra import duty imposed by a country on certain imports. it is usally used to prevent dumping or to counteract export subsidies given by foreign countries 故有時(shí)也有人將它譯成“反補(bǔ)貼稅”）economic and legal t

12、erms 10. tax exemptions 免稅 11. cash disbursements 現(xiàn)金付出/現(xiàn)金支出 12. preferrentical exchange rates 特惠/優(yōu)惠匯率 13. enforcement of law 執(zhí)法 14. breach of warranty 違反擔(dān)保 15. warranty of good title 有效所有權(quán)擔(dān)保 16. warranty of no security interests 無抵押權(quán)益擔(dān)保 17. implied and express warranties 默示與明示擔(dān)保economic and legal te

13、rms 18. merchantability n. 可銷性，商銷性=goods being fit for the ordinary purposes for which such goods are used and of a quality that would be acceptable to merchants who regulurly deal in goods of that kind 19. fitness for human consumption 適合人的消費(fèi) 20. compensatory dumages 賠償性損害賠償金 21. due care 應(yīng)有的謹(jǐn)慎 22.

14、 a suit in negligence 關(guān)于疏忽的訴訟 23. the clayton act 克萊頓法economic and legal terms 24. monopoly n. 壟斷=exclusive control of a purticular market that is marked by the power to control prices and exclude competition and that esp. is developed willfully rather than as the result of superior products or skil

15、l 25. the robinson-patmun act 羅濱遜帕特曼法useful phrases and idiomatic expressions 1. to enter into force生效=to become effective 2. to conform to.與相一致 3. to file a complaint with.向呈交起訴狀 4. to cause material injury to.引起對的重大損害 5. to make redunduncies裁員=to fire workers 6. to influted prices以飛漲的價(jià)格 7. to run

16、for president競選總統(tǒng)=to ofter oneself for election to be a president useful phrases and idiomatic expressions 8. to compensate sb. for.因?qū)δ橙诉M(jìn)行補(bǔ)償 9. in any line of commerce在商業(yè)中的任何一個(gè)行業(yè) 10. to excuse sb. from performance of an obiligation免除某人對義務(wù)的履行=to allow sb. not to complete sth. 11. to exempt sb. from.免

17、除某人的義務(wù)=to free sb. from a duty or doing sth. 12. to opt out of sth.選擇離開=to choose to leave sth. 13. in response to.作為對的回應(yīng) 14. a political not potato一個(gè)政治上棘手的問題（也有人譯成“政治上的燙手山芋”） this is a big question many laws can do so, such as contract law, antidumpling law, antisabsidies law, antifrust law, wto ru

18、les, product liability law, etc.1. what laws can affect our foreign trade? how many can you name? the usual parpose of dumping is the sellers want to increase their shares of the other counties, markets.2. what is the usual purpose of dumping?the new antidumping code negotiated during kennedy round

19、requires the simultaneous determination of sules “at less than fair value” and “material injury”， prohibits retroactive procedures, and gives assurance of open procedures to offected exporters and importers. thos new code arso stipulates that the imports sold at less than fair value be the principal

20、 casual factor of any injury to a do mestic in dustry producing “l(fā)ike products”. the u.s. congress refused to amend its anfidumping act to conform to such international ant dumping code because it thinks such code is not in americarn interests.3. whats the content of the new antidumping code negotia

21、ted during the kennedy round? why did the u.s. congress refuse to amend its antidumping act to conform to such international antidumping code?4. what are the usual forms subsidies take? subsidies can fake several forms such as outright cash disbursements, tax exemptions, preferrential exchange rates

22、, government contracts nith special privilleges.5. can you tell the major legal grounds for product liability? the major legal grounas for product liabity inclue (a) breach of warranties (b) negligence and (c) strict liability.6. how many antitrust laws have been passed by the u.s. congress? what ar

23、e their main stipulations? four antitrust laws: (a) the sherman act, which was enacted in 1980. this act made certain restraint of trade and monopolistic acts illegal. (b) the clayton act regulates mergers and prohibits certain exclusive dealing arrangements. (c) the fedenal trade commission act (f

24、t c act), which prohibits an fair methods of competition, and (d) the robinsonpatman act, which prohibits price discrimination.7. what issue does article 79 of cisg address? it addresses the problem of changed circumstances wheve a party can be exempted from liability for breach of an international

25、sales contract.ii. translate the following into english: 1. 美國產(chǎn)品責(zé)任法是以以下三種法學(xué)理論為依據(jù)的： 疏忽說； 違反擔(dān)保說； 嚴(yán)格責(zé)任說。凡原告由于使用有缺限的產(chǎn)品遭受損害向法院起訴要求賠償損失時(shí)，他必須援引上述三種理由之一作為要求該產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)者或銷售者承擔(dān)責(zé)任的依據(jù)。 american product liability law is based on three law theories:(a) the theory of negligence; (b) breach of warranty, and (c) the doct

26、rine of strict liability any plaintiff filing a lawsuit with the court for reloveving damages caused through the use of a defective product must take one of the three theorits as a basis for holding liable the producer or the sellen of the product. 2.在肯尼迪回合期間談判的新反傾銷法于1968年7月1日生效。新的反傾銷法規(guī)定對“低于公平市場價(jià)”的出

27、售和“嚴(yán)重?fù)p害”進(jìn)行同時(shí)確認(rèn)，禁止追溯既往程序并確保對被影響的出口商與進(jìn)口商在程序上的公開。translate the following into english: the new antidumaping code negotiated during the kennedy round entered into force or july 1,1968 the new antidumping code requires the simultaneous determination of sales “at less than fair value” and “material injary

28、”，prohibits retroactive procedures, and gives assurance of open procedures to affected exporters and importers. 1. under the u.s. tariff act of 1930, as amended, a u.s. company that suspects dumping in the united states by a foreign firm may file a complaint with the u.s. international tarde administration (ita) and the u.s. in ternational trade commission (itc). 2. if ita and itc find that illegal dumping has occurred that has caused material injur