2when還可表示另一動正在進行或即將發(fā)生時突然出現(xiàn)的課件

1、 the adverbial clausei. distributiontime place condition cause purpose result concession manner comparison ii. a.c of time2.1 conjunctionwhen , while, as , after , before , since , till , until , as soon as , hardlywhen ,no soonerthan_i had studied the lesson i was able to do the exercise correctly.

2、 aftertill/until(1988)the roof fell_he had time to dash into the room to save his son. a. after b. as c. before d. untildon.t go away_ i come back.he could not speak english he_came to england.he got married_ he left university.beforeas soon asnotice1.when,while,as均可表示“在期間”，但when還可表示“在之后”，as還可以表示“一邊

3、一邊”(1990)_the day went on,the weather got worse. a. with b. since c. while d. as2.when還可表示另一動作正在進行或即將發(fā)生時突然出現(xiàn)的情況he was taking a bath the telephone rang. 3.after-從句常用完成時表示其動作先于主句完成i found your coat you had left the house.4.before-從句有時表示的并非事實pigs will fly hell become a mathematician5.since-從句中的謂語若是延續(xù)性動

4、詞或狀態(tài)動詞,則其過去時表示動作的完成或狀態(tài)的結束we havent seen each other he lived next door to me. whenafterbeforesince自從他不在我家隔壁住以來，我們倆再沒有見過面。6. he came in before i had not finished my breakfast. he came until 10 oclockhe came in before i had finished my breakfast.he didnt come until 10 oclock.2.2 noun phrasethe moment,

5、the minute, the instant, each time, every time, the first time, the last time, next time, etc. _i catch a cold, i have pain in my back. each time_i saw him i knew that there was no hope. the momentthe first time_lampo took the train, elvio was afraid the conductor would see him and be angry.(1999sha

6、nghai)next timeim going to see him_ he comes to shanghai.(2001springbeijing)did you remember to give mary the money you owed her? yes. i gave it to her_i saw her. a. while b. the moment c. suddenly d. once2.3 adverbimmediately, directly, instantlyas soon asshe must have written the letter _she got h

7、ome.immediatelydirectlyi came_i got your message.i recognized her_ i saw her.instantly2.4 position & tense1.句首或句未，有時句中when i was a boy, i looked at such things quite differently. i looked at such things quite differently when i was a boy. 2. 將來時表現(xiàn)在時ill take no steps until you arrive. i will tell

8、 him the minute he comes.when he has been teaching here for five years by next spring, he will get a rise.（表將來完成進行時）iii. a.c of placewhere, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc.where i live there are plenty of sheep. he goes wherever he wants. sit anywhere you like.iv. a.c of conditionif, unless, as

9、long as, so long as, provided (that), providing(that), suppose (that), supposing (that), on condition that(that)_plastics and rubber are burned, they give off poisonous gases. dont come_ i telephone. _we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the trouble.ifunlessso long as(1989)_he comes, we w

10、ont be able to go. a. without b. unless c. except d. even(1992)youll be late_you leave immediately. a. unless b. until c. if d. or (2001spring beijing)the men will have to wait all day_the doctor works faster. a. if b. unless c. whether d. thatv. a.c of causebecause, since, as, now that, etc._ water

11、 vapor is extremely light, it often rises high in the sky.asbut_ the teacher said so it must be true.sincenotes 同since和as相比，because語氣最強，因此只有它可以用來回答問句，可以用于結構及之后，可以并列。-why didnt she come yesterday? -because she was ill. reading is fun, not because the writer is telling you something, but because it ma

12、kes your mind work. notbecause有時是歧義句，要根據(jù)上下文及語調(diào)來確定其意義：i did not go because i was afraid.注意下句中as的用法：hard_ he studied, he passed the test with ease.asvi. a. c of result so that, sothat, suchthatit was very cold, _the river froze. so thatthe universe is_large_we cannot see all of it.sothathe shut the wi

13、ndow with_force_the glass broke.suchthatvii. a. c of purpose so that, in order thatill give you all the facts_ you can judge for yourself. so that(1989)i hurried_i wouldnt be late for class. a. since b. so that c. as if d. unlessthey are going to london_they may see the queen.in order thatviii. a.c

14、of concessionalthough, though, even if, even though, as, while, whatever, however, whetheror, no matter, etc.(1991)_she is young, she knows quite a lot. a. when b. however c. although d. unlessshe borrowed my pen, _i told her not to.he is a very active man, _he is over eighty._he had been here, he c

15、ouldnt have helped us._ work we do, we should do our best.althoughthougheven if whatever (=no matter what)notes在although 或though后面不能再用 but 或 但可用still或 yet，以加強語氣。as不能用正常語氣，通常把表語或 狀語提前_(盡管他很年輕), he knows a lot of things.young as / though he is_(盡管我非常喜歡它), i will not buy it.much as i like it (盡管他還是個孩子)

16、, he knows a lot of things.child as he isc.f. though he is a child,在“no matter +疑問句”中，一些不言自明的詞可被省去：no matter how long or short your speech ( ), youve got to get your ducks in a row.no matter what their age, their job, their sex ( ), the results were completely clear(2001)iswereix. a.c of manneras, a

17、s, as thoughjan did his work_work ought to be done.asthe boy, who was crying_his heart would break, said that he was hungry. as ifhe treats_ the girl she _ an animal.as ifwereit seems_ you_ the first one here.as ifarex. a.c of comparison asas, not as /soas, than, etc.you must make her_comfortable_yo

18、u can.asas(1989)this year they have produced_grain_they did last year. a. as less; as b. as few; as c. less; than d, fewer; than(1989)this year they have produced_grain_they did last year. a. as less; as b. as few; as c. less; than d, fewer; thanabout different meanings:he loves her than me. 他愛她勝過愛我

19、。他愛她勝過我愛她。 i .notes 比較對象、范圍the quality of your bike is better than mine. he is taller than any boy in his class.that ofother(1994shanghai)bob has sat at the table for a few hours and drank considerably more wine than is good for his health.abcdbdrunkhas sat thanxi.狀語從句的簡縮與轉(zhuǎn)換even as ( )a child, he be

20、gan to learn english. while ( )at college, delia wrote a novel. if ( )alive, her mother must be at least eighty years of age. he looked about, as if ( )in search of something.1.when, while, as, as if, though等引導時間、條件、方式、讓步等從句時若主語與主句主語一致，就可以連同后面的動詞be一道省去。he wasshe wasshe werehe was2.after, before, sin

21、ce引導的從句有時可變?yōu)榻樵~短語或分詞結構：before he dived into the water, the boy took off his clothes.before diving into the waterafter he had worked for two hours, he stopped to have a rest.having worked for two hours3.原因狀語從句可以改為分詞短語、介詞短語或 獨立結構：as he is honest and hard-working, he is sure to succeed.being honest and

22、hard-workingbecause it was raining, he didnt go out.because of the rain(1993shanghai)i dont want to go not because being busy but because i enjoy being alone. ab cdbim busy4.目的狀語從句可以改為in order to, so as to等結構（主語要一致）:he spoke loudly so that he could make himself heard. ( )he opened the door in order

23、that he could get out. ( )so as to makein order to get out5.結果狀語從句可以改為“enough+不定式”或 tooto結構：mary studied hard so that she passed the examination. ( )hard enough to passhe was so tired that he couldnt go any further. ( )too tired to go6.在whether讓步從句中，表示時間的 it is / was也可以省去：whether ( ) summer or winte

24、r his clothes were always the same.it was7.if-從句中的it is, he is也可省略；if not中的not代替前面出現(xiàn)過的句子。if necessary, ring me at home. are you busy today? if not, i wish you would stay with us for a while.if 引導的真實條件從句有時可轉(zhuǎn)換為獨立結構，它引導的虛擬條件從句則可以轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞結構(with, without, but for等) 、分詞短語、不定式短語等if weather permits, the footb

25、all match will be played next sunday.weather permitting,if i had her help, i could do the experiment well.with her helpmeeting(=if we had me) anywhere else we wouldnt have recognised each other.8.在as和than引導的比較從句中，相同的部分都可以省去：sound travels not so fast in gases as in liquids.he has more time than i .ar

26、ent you a little fatter than when i last saw you?1.(2001)it is generally believed that teaching is_it is a science. a. an art much as b. much an art as c. as an art much as d. as much an art as2.(spring2001shanghai)you will succeed in the end_you give up halfway. a. even if b. as though c. as long a

27、s d. unless3.(2000)someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up_i could answer the phone. a. as b. since c. until d. before4.(2000)the wto cannot live up to its name_it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. a. as long as b. while c. if d. even though5.

28、(spring2000beijing)john may phone tonight. i dont want to go out_ he phones. a. as long as b. in order that c. in case d. so that6.(spring2000beijing)it was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _for the first time in years their team won the world cup. a. that b. while c. which d. w

29、hen7.(spring2000shanghai)i shall stay in the hotel all day_there is news of the missing child. a. in case b. no matter c. in any case d. ever since8.(1999)you should make it a rule to leave things_you can find them again. a. when b. where c. than d. there9.(1999)well have to finish the job, _. a. lo

30、ng it makes however b. it takes however long c. long however it takes d. however long it takes10.(1999shanghai)_everybody knows about it, i dont want to talk any more. a. for b. even c. since d. however11.(1997)after the war, anew school building was put up_there had once been a theatre. a. that b.

31、where c. which d. when12.(1997)_, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. a. however late is he b. however he is late c. however is he late d. however late he is13.(1993shanghai)we wont give up_we should fail ten times. a. even if b. since c. whether d. until14.(1993)what was the party lik

32、e?-wonderful. its years_i enjoyed myself so much. a. after b. when c. before d. since15. there has to be this starting and stopping movement_the eye can see only when it is not moving. (1993shanghai) a. if b. unless c. although d. because16.(1993shanghai)_you do this, you will see that your friends

33、eyes do not make a continuous forward sweep. a. unless b. if c. because d. although17.(1994shanghai)_he left school at fourteen, he began to train as an engineer. a. since b. when c. then d. but18.(1994)john plays football_, if not better than, david. a. as well b. as well as c. so well d. so well as19.(1994)mother was worried bec