中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法第6講被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(33ppt)

1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與狀態(tài)的區(qū)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與狀態(tài)的區(qū)別別被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)（現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、情態(tài)）（現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、情態(tài)）哪些詞不能用于被動(dòng)哪些詞不能用于被動(dòng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)修飾被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)修飾基基 礎(chǔ)礎(chǔ) 知知 識(shí)識(shí) 一、什么是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)？ 英語(yǔ)中時(shí)態(tài)很多，但語(yǔ)態(tài)不多，只有兩種，即：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，則使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 1. 定義：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即不知道動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作承受者的一種語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成： 被字句：主語(yǔ)+ be +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞(v-ed) +by sb. 我打他 I beat him. (打過(guò)了) 他被我打=他打被我 H

2、e was beaten by me. 他喜歡她 He likes her. 她喜歡被他 She is liked by him. (am/ is / are).被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)是由be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)決定的，be動(dòng)詞是什么時(shí)態(tài)，全句就是什么時(shí)態(tài)，be動(dòng)詞后面的過(guò)去分詞不變。學(xué)好被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的兩個(gè)基礎(chǔ)條件 一、每種時(shí)態(tài)的be動(dòng)詞形式。 二、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be的謂語(yǔ)形式總結(jié)(1)主+am/ is/ are主+ am/ is/ are + being主+ will + be主+ has beenHe is a leader.He is being here.He will be a leader.He

3、has been a leader.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be的謂語(yǔ)形式總結(jié)(2)主+was/ were主+ was/ were + being主+ would + be主+ had beenHe was a leader.He was being here just now.He would be a leader.He had been a leader several years ago.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主+ be +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞+(by sb)1. He eats the apple.2. He ate the apple.3. He is eating the apple.4. He was eat

4、ing the apple.5. He will eat the apple.6. He would eat the apple.7. He has eaten the apple.8. He had eaten the apple.1. The apple is eaten by him.2. The apple was eaten by him.3. The apple is being eaten by him.4. The apple was being eaten by him.5. The apple will be eaten by him.6. The apple would

5、be eaten by him.7. The apple has been eaten by him.8. The apple had been eaten by him.三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 他兒子一定照顧這個(gè)人。 His son must take care of the person. 這個(gè)人一定要由他兒子照顧=即這個(gè)人一定照顧由他兒子。 The person must be taken care of by his son. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面直接加上be動(dòng)詞即可。 構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can,may,must)+be(永遠(yuǎn)是原形)+過(guò)去分詞+by s

6、b.1. You must do this as soon as possible.2. I can use it.3. You should buy a dictionary.4. She ought to clean her bedroom.5. They need look after the little child.6. We can change water into ice.1. This must be done as soon as possible (by you).2. It can be used.3. A dictionary should be bought(by

7、you).4. Her bedroom ought to be cleaned.5. The little child need be looked after(by them).6. Water can be changed into ice.提提 高高 知知 識(shí)識(shí)一、是不是所有的動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)？是不是所有的動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)？1.所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中。 這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)如：take place(發(fā)生)，happen(發(fā)生)，come about(發(fā)生)，break out(爆發(fā))，appear(出現(xiàn))，disappear(消失)，last(持續(xù))，die ,

8、end (vi. 結(jié)束), fail, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart等。 (2)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)語(yǔ)： Fit合適, have, hold, marry結(jié)婚, own擁有, wish, cost值, notice注意, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in成功, suffer from受苦, happen to, take

9、part in, walk into, belong to屬于 (3)系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good. 聽(tīng)起來(lái)很好。 Tell me if you feel cold你要是感到冷就告訴我。 4) 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。 5) 當(dāng)break out、take p

10、lace、shut off、turn off、work out等動(dòng)詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。 The plan worked out successfully. The lamps on the wall turn off. 二、初中的不及物動(dòng)詞有哪些？二、初中的不及物動(dòng)詞有哪些？ 不及物動(dòng)詞指的是后面不能跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。 常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞有： apologize道歉 appear出現(xiàn) arrive到達(dá) come來(lái) go去 run跑 walk走 die死 fall掉落 flow流淌 happen發(fā)生 rise升起 stay停留 sit坐 lie躺 stand站 cry哭 swim游泳基

11、礎(chǔ)練習(xí)題基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)題 ( ) 1. The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( ) 2. English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( )3.This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. i

12、s often sung ( ) 4. This kind of car _ in Japan. A. makes B. made C. is making D. is made ( ) 5New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used ( ) 6. Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( ) 7. A new house _ at the corner of the road

13、. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building ( ) 8. The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left ( ) 9. His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being publishedD. has been published ( ) 10. The flowers_of

14、ten. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water Answers: 1-5 BDDDC 6-10 BBCAB提高練習(xí)題提高練習(xí)題 1. The old bridge in my hometown_ next month. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt 2. The play _ at the theatre next Sunday. A. is go

15、ing to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown 3. Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept 4. -Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold 5. These papers

16、_yet. A.have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written 6. The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt 7. The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow 8. The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend

17、 B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended 9. Tea _ in the south of China.(多) A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow 10. Old people must _. A. look after wellB. be looked well after C. looked well afterD. be looked after well 11. Newly-born babies_in hospital. A. are taken good care B.

18、are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care 12. I_ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not. A. am given B. was been giving C. had given D. was given 13. She will_good care_. A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you 14. The teacher made him_ his hom

19、ework. A. to do B. do C. did D. done 15. These children_dance. A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to 16. The bike _ 500 yuan. A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed 17. The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year. A. was had B. was held C. held D. had 18. Great changes_

20、 in the past ten years in China. A. took place to B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place 19. You cant use the computer, it_. A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down 20. The medicine_in a dry and cool place .A .keep B .must keep C .must be kept D .must be keep

21、 Anwers: 1-5 AADCB 6-10 BADBD 11-15 BDBBA 16-20 CBDAC三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。后置定語(yǔ)。1. The cat is called Tom. (被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))2. There is a cat(called Tom) in the house. (過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ))3例：He called the man called John.4例：The developed countries have developed over 200 years.四：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不要與表示狀態(tài)句型四：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不要與表示狀態(tài)句型

22、混淆混淆 類(lèi)型一 He is interested in the game. The game is made in China. 類(lèi)型二 The door is closed. The door is closed by John. 練練 習(xí)習(xí) 題題 1. Somebody_Jack phoned while you were out. A.to call B.calling C.being called D.called 2. These walls_stone. A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into 3. Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday. A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said 4. The coat_her sister. A. made to